CIA StarShip Speed 1 LightYear In 1 EarthYear

CIA StarShip Speed 1 LightYear In 1 EarthYear

by, Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV / Paul Collin )

April 26, 2013 13:22 ( PST ) Update ( Originally Published: July 14, 2012 )

Relative Topics -i

– Virgo A ( constellation, of 5 ‘cluster galaxies’ );
– Supernovae ( ’2 star collision’, a ‘dual galaxy collision’ );
– Supermassive Black-Hole ( SmBH – resultant effect from a Supernovae dual galaxy collision );
– Centaurus A ( Cen-A, A1847, NGC 5128, PKS 1322-427, 1RXH J132519.8-430312, CXOU J132519.9-43031 );
– Gamma-Ray Burst ( GRB – inverse / reverse Compton effect Cherenkov Muons, Cherenkov Light, and Cherenkov Radiation );
– Jet ( Whole Jet, Counter Jet – extragalactic SmBH inverse / reverse Compton effect Cherenkov multi-messenger neutron light radiation Cosmic Ray particle beam jets );
– Atmosphere, Atmospherics;
– Oxygen ( Oxygen molecules ), Ozone atmospheric layer;
– Tau Air-Shower ( invisible Cherenkov light muon Thomson scatter patterned atmospheric showers );
– Planetary magamatic superconductivity volcanic excitations;
– Earthquake, seismicity;
– BowShock, Local Interstellar Cloud ( LIC ), InterStellar Medium ( ISM );
– NASA PlanetQuest ( Planet Quest );
– Living With a Star ( LWS ) U.S. Presidential Executive Order Programs and Projects [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_With_a_Star ];
– U.S. President Executive Order ( 2004 – NASA missioned to locate exoplanets for Earth colonization ) [ http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/01/20040130-7.html ];
– ExoPlanetary exploration ( ExoPlanet, planets outside Earth solar system ) [ http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/moontomars/docs/M2MReportScreenFinal.pdf ];
– InterStellar SpaceCraft ( ISSC );
– Interstellar Propulsion;
– AntiHydrogen Energy Dense AntiMatter Hydrogen Propellants developed by CERN ( Geneva, Switzerland ) [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0410511.pdf ];
– RAND CORPORATION ( AntiHydrogen energy development research );
– RAYTHEON CORPORATION ( AntiHydrogen energy propulsion development and test-engineering );
– ORBITAL SCIENCES CORPORATION ( AntiHydrogen energy propulsion test platform and demonstrator );
– BOEING CORPORATION ( AntiHydrogen Propulsion );
– National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO ), U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force ( USAF ), U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA );

Constellation Virgo A

Virgo A, extragalactic resident attributes, consist of:

– Five ( 5 ) Galaxies ( positioned in ‘1 cluster’ within ‘Virgo A’ );
– One ( 1 ) Supermassive Black-Hole ( SmBH ) resultant from a ‘dual galactic collision’ ( 2 );
– Two ( 2 ) InterStellar Medium ( ISM ) BowShock Radio-Frequency ( RF ) Wave ( Radio Wave ) Lobe Clouds; and,
– Two ( 2 ) Gamma-Ray Burst ( GRB ) Jets ( Whole Jet & Counter Jet ).

According to recent scientific reports, the central galactic universe source for ‘all Cosmic Rays’ ( CR ) continues ricocheting throughout our galactic universe today from, amongst many smaller extragalactic sources, one ( 1 ) lone Gamma-Ray Burst ( GRB ) “Whole Jet” ( ‘not’ its dual counter-part, the: “Counter Jet” ) that occured eons ago when two ( 2 ) Supermassive galaxies collided with one another forming what is known as a Supernovae ( ‘dual’ Supernovae ) that was so powerful and so bright that the GRB Cherenkov neutron light radiation particle beam jet was ‘visually observed with the human eye’ of an astronomer citing notes that were traced back to having been coming out-of the “Scorpius-Centaur” extragalactic universe during the 16th Century ( 1522 ) that astronomers identify as originating from near the center of “Centaurus A” ( also known as ) “Cen-A” where this gigantic particle beam jet diameter is about the same diameter size of Earth’s solar system, but wait – there’s more:

This same particle beam jet contains “Superluminous” light energy radiation particle elements moving at up to six ( 6 ) times faster than the speed of light. That’s correct, the jet light is moving 6 times faster than lightspeed, and was shot out of the extragalactic Supermassive Black-Hole in ‘forward time’ that began catching up with Earth time in December 2004 when within 48-hours of the Indonesia Andaman – Sumatra 9.3 magnitude earthquake that sent a tsunami killing nearly 300,000 people and also burnt an incredibly huge hole right out-of the Earth’s ozone atmospheric layer, and it is additionally unfortunate to note that not until very recently did these two ( 2 ) seemingly dissimilar Earth Events finally become put together by astrophysicists and geoastrophysicists – whom never saw to publicly announcing these facts to the public through mainstream news media. Why?

Earth ‘southern hemisphere’ telescope observatories view this galactic system hazard growing worse as it quickly nears our solar system, in-fact the National Science Foundation ( NSF ) has increased huge sums of global investment monies into the South Pole Telescope ( SPT ), Pierre Auger Observatory Sud ( Argentina ), Cherenkov Telescope Array ( CTA ), and more.

NASA pressed Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) retrofits and its new space-based replacement James Webb Telescope Observatory in-addition to many multiple other ground-based and space-based telescope observatories around the world trying to calculate the ‘date when’ the Cen-A GRB particle beam jet is expected to elminate all Earth oxygen particles.

How can this be? No one heas heard anything on the news about this! This is ‘why’ this report was written, to notify the public to begin researching it for themself because their governments are ‘no longer obligated to warn them of any pending natural disaster’, a new law just passed into effect for the United States during early 2012.

While the trajectory of this Cen-A GRB particle beam jet propagating velocity is directed just north and above our solar system the fact is that when this particle beam jet comes to within a range of 1,000 light-years away from Erath’s solar system it will become what scientists and astrophysicists and some mebers of government already know it has been labelled as, a “Planetary Atmosphere Killer.”

Earth already received a sample of the power involved within the Cen-A GRB particle beam jet when only a small scouting team of these particle beam entered Earth’s upper ionosphere from where it rained down into Earth’s oxygen atmosphere layer as recorded by detectors registering what are called “Tau Air-Showers” invisible pin-prick light streams characterized by straight line patterned Thomson scatter or self ricocheting sprays of intense radiation some just categorize as “Cosmic Rays” that hit Earth during latter December 2004.

Unfortunately, much more of the same is headed our way and such bombardments are continuing in intensity day by day with increasing frequencies too on Earth.

Enterprise Sustainability Black-Hole Economics

Public Private Partnership Program Project Sub-Contractor Sub-Program Sub-Projects

For more than 62-years, multiple trillions of dollars – allocated by authority of The World Bank through the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) to multi-national foundations have been and continue being spent under auspices of “Global Initiatives” instituting multi-national government agreements utilizing private-sector businesses, vendor sub-contractors, universities, colleges, institutes coordinated by liaisons with think-tanks conceptualizing, theorizing, calculating, researching, developing, testing, designing, building, launching, maintaining, retrofitting and relaunching ground-based and space-based platform monitoring stations equipped with ultra advanced emerging technology remote sensing collectors, systems and devices feeding incalculable amounts of raw data into high-performance supercomputers with centralized network analytic technicians translating human comprehendable information back to yet other think-tanks developing plans to somehow carry a ‘few’ ( ‘not all’ ) human beings off Earth and out of harms way; away from the Cen-A GRB particle beam jet – that has included, but not been limited to, some ( ‘not all’ ) of the following target areas ( below ):

– Earth-based Deserts ( high altitude and low-altitude ), Mountains ( high-altitude ), Waterways ( natural ocean and artificially controlled man-made lake ) and Polar Ice ( South Pole ) regions; plus,

– Space-based Satellite Spacecraft platforms monitoring Earth solar system local space regions, deep space and ultra-deep space extragalactic spectral imaging sensor and particle collector ‘downstreams’ to ground-stations, plus ‘classified spacecraft mission retrievables ( i.e. ‘particle collection unit replacement modules’ and ‘data platens’ ).

Detailed information, although publicly available, remains unpackaged and unknown for public comprehension.

People, especially in the United States of America ( USA ), are so busy with distractions that they barely allow time in their daily life for so much as even a ‘partial news broadcast’ so, there is a better than even chance that people as a whole are not going to ‘make time for researching anything’ ( ‘if they knew how’ ) or even bother opening their local telephone book Yellow Page directory where unfortunately ‘private researchers are not even listed’ in ‘local retail neighorhood directories’.

Just attempting to put all these galactic and technical observation puzzle pieces together into a ‘layman easily-read information package’ surrounding the Cen-A GRB particle beam headed toward Earth would not be difficult for the United States government. Why should government upset its citizenry status quo and that of market money heirarchy fueled by rat raced society today?

U.S. Government Printing Office ( Pueblo, Colorado, USA )

How does government sell a drastic change, to the way everyone currently lives their own lives today, without creating chaos?

How long will it take to fully adjust a global population?

You remember the pen name author George Orwell who wrote his book entitled “1984 ( printed in “1948″ ) that showed how future shock took place for citizen masses, and like any good snake oil salesman of yore, the key is all in how you pitch the new idea.

Living With AstroParticles ( LWA ) – Next Earth New Life Guides

– Oxygen Alternatives ( QxyAlt );
– OxyAlt Vitamin Energy Boosters ( Recreational Biosynthetic Narcotics By Rx Only );
– OxyAlt Breathing Boosters;
– OxyAlt Cosmetics ( Men & Women ); and,
– Others.

U.S. Government Printing Office ( Pueblo, Colorado, USA ) may very well hold a type of guidebook for population centers remaining in the dark on such matters involving “Carbony1 Sulfide” alternatives most human beings on Earth today know absolutely nothing about that alter molecular structures defining new breathable gas mixtures substituting what we breathe today ( oxygen ) for what we will be breathing ( carbony1 sulfide mixtures ) in the future.

Only a few looming questions remain:

1. “Will Government Ever Announce This?”
2. “Why Didn’t Government Announce The 2004 Particle Beam Ozone Destruction?”
3. “Has Government Announced ‘Your Preparatory Time’ ( 15-years, 20-years, 35-years )?”
4. “When Will You Prepare Your Timetable?”
5. “Will You Continue Waiting For A Government Announcement That Will Never Come?”
6. “Did You Elect Government Control Over Your Life And That Of Your Family?”

The Cen-A Cherenkov particle beam GRB jet possesses other enhanced characteristics still being studied, however we do know this particular hazardous light radiation beam, is:

– High-Directional ( light-beam focus length );
– Thick ( approx. diameter of Earth’s solar system );
– Planetary Atmosphere Killer ( ‘incredibly superbright’ and ‘intensely hot photonic’ and ‘extremely hazardous radiation particles’; and,
– Distant Death Ray ( even as far away as 1,000 light-years from any planet’, these ‘GRB jet light beams’ instantly disintegrate oxygen molecules’ throughout entire atmospheric ( ozone layer ) layers.

Few planets are rich in ‘oxygen molecules’, however many planets in our solar system ‘do have some atmosphere’, although believed by many as humanly unbreatheable, nevertheless Gamma-Ray Burst ( GRB ) jets destroy oxygen molecules ‘above planets’ and recently discovered ‘within planets’ to some degree.

Space-borne “Ray” ( “Radiation” ) Relative Yet Confusing Terms –

– Cosmic Rays ( CR );
– Gamma-Rays ( GR );
– Gamma Ray Bursts ( GRB );
– Whole Jet ( WJ );
– Counter Jet ( CJ );
– Jet ( e.g. Cherenkov muon multi-messenger astroparticles – atomic and subatomic spaceborne particles );
– Stream ( e.g. Cherenkov muon multi-messenger astroparticles – atomic and subatomic spaceborne particles );
– Beam ( e.g. Cherenkov muon multi-messenger astroparticles – atomic and subatomic spaceborne particles );
– FlashLight ( e.g. Cherenkov muon multi-messenger astroparticles – atomic and subatomic spaceborne particles );
– Tau AirShowers ( e.g. Space-borne invisible but powerful light energy ‘astroparticles’ penetrate Earth atmospherics beneath where “Thomson scatter” ‘patterned astroparticles’ ricochet Ultra-High Energies ( UHE ) penetrate Earth surfaces ( ground and waterway floor beds ) down to varying depths – including more than 1-mile deep );
– Sprites;
– Elves; and,
– Others.

Modern day terms define any “vehicle” as an “engine driven carrying machine” – a ‘generalized term identifying certain objects’. Further name labeling identifies “vehicle” object ‘types’, specifically:

– Automobile ( Car );
– Truck;
– Van;
– Motorcycle ( Motor-Bicycle / Motor Bike );
– ATV ( All Terrain Vehicle );
– Amphibian ( Amphibious Car / Boat / AS – Aerial Submersible );
– Boat ( Motorized Boat / Yacht / SailBoat / Jet-Ski );
– Submarine ( Submersible / Mini-Sub ); and,
– Train ( Locomotive );
– Helicopter;
– Airplane; and,
– Spacecraft.

Cen-A GRB is our solar system major point of origin for ‘all’ “Cosmic Rays”

Cosmic Rays ( CR ) encapsulate, for the most part, extragalactic high-energy, power and light radiation level atomic and subatomic particle element energy propagation velocity phenomenon.

Cosmic Ray GRB jets consist of intertwinded powerful behaviors, involving:

– ‘Atomic particles’ are ‘semi-visible Matter’, involving photons, protons, electrons, atoms, etc. we’ve all heard mentioned before; and,

– ‘Subatomic particles’ are ‘invisible AntiMatter’, involving neutrinos, muons, leptons, neutralinos, neutrinos, etc. we rarely hear anything about.

Neutrino type particles ‘penetrate planets and stars instantly’. In-fact, in ‘far less time than a human eye blink’ neutrino-like particles will penetrate a through solid rock or thermonuclear dynamos of any planet or sun and right out the other side shooting off into the rest of the universe ).

Subatomic neutrinos were believed by the public to typically pass through all Earth life human beings without any adverse affects as nothing appeared to happen, however, recent discoveries prove ‘subatomic particles’ ( penetrating incredible hard objects ) linked to ‘atomic particle radiation types’ and into the rest of galactic space ), e.g. Cherenkov muon light radiation, X-rays, Gamma-rays, Cosmic Rays ) beam ( 4,000 light-years long fro”Centaurus A” ( Cen-A ) GRB is known as the ‘brightest object from Earth’s southern sky telescope observatories.

Earth bombardments therefrom, consisting of certain Compton effect Cherenkov muon light radiation photonics bound with UltraHigh-Energy ( UHE ) extremely bright blue-white pin pricks of light of incredibly extreme heat intensity powered by ( multiple Trillion electron Volts / TeV) within two ( 2 ) Gamma-Ray Burst ( GRB ) jets streaming more than 4,000 lightyears in length – forward in time – out-of the accretion disk in a Supermassive Black-Hole ( SmBH ) resultant from a ‘dual galaxy collision’ Supernovae eons ago additionally producing a ‘dual lobe’ InterStellar Medium ( ISM ) Local Interstellar Cloud ( LIC ) packing two ( 2 ) bowshock gravitational wave shells travelling with incredible velocity already mushroomed now directly into the path of Earth’s solar system Sun.

What is being done to ‘protectively shelter Earth life’ and/or ‘prolong Earth life’?

Is Earth being abandoned? If so, ‘How’ and ‘When’?

Information was presented to the current President of the United States ( POTUS ) hurriedly co-signed his predecessor’s previous U.S. Presidential Executive Order ( EO ) instituting, the following:

Living With a Star ( LWS ) Program [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13326 ].

Office of the President of the United States ( POTUS ) Executive Order ( EO ) 13326 Living With a Star Program [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13326 ] involves something recently brought to light in the mainstream news media, surrounding:

– Exoplanetary Research, Exploration, Sustainability, and Colonization.

U.S. NASA Crazy? Like A Fox!

Former high-ranking U.S. military personnel retirees, usually enter private-sector industrial U.S. defense complex companies funded by U.S. government citizen tax dollars [ http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/01/20040130-7.html ] involving educational institution Programs building brilliantly talented student minds recruited into certain entities missioned with herculean tasks ( e.g. design, engineer, test, demonstrate and produce advanced projects for secret programs ) of which the BOEING interstellar spacecraft reality bought and built all of the aforementioned through [ http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&asmp;p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN/6813330 ] RAYTHEON ( and other entities ) where employees had no clue their Project was aonly a sub-Project for another larger Project that was part of a global network of sub-Programs tied into CERN ( Geneva, Switzerland ) that held 5 ( 5 ) other global Projects leading sub-Programs traversed in and out of several multinational government space Science & Technology ( S&T ) Programs leading many multiple sub-Project ultra-deep space ground-based and space-based observatory platforms retrofitted with new advanced adaptive optics, replacement mirrors, spectral sensor data imagery converters, extragalactic particle collectors.

CIA InterStellar Propulsion SpaceCraft Attains 1 Light-Year In 1 Earth-Year

[ http://api.ning.com:80/files/dnFzKnIyGRYCzDJmMen9Ee5UUpegrAM3Ij6jeMowczzQ9hvavlbK9nkItmEfy8ATu1ySDg*k4pa0vsGaANzB1pp8fEmW0UUp/2008BOEINGElSegundoCaliforniaOrbitalSciencesandRaytheonSAS.jpg ]

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What began to develop from using Soviet bloc country physicists secretly smuggled in and out of the MCDONNELL DOUGLAS Space Systems Center “Quad Building” ( Huntington Beach, California, USA ) through today’s current successor BOEING Space Systems Center ( Huntington Beach, California ), RAYTHEON CORPORATION ( Waltham, MA ) and RAYTHEON SAS ( El Segundo, California, USA ) has been discovered [ http://patents.justia.com/assignee/RAYTHEONCOMPANY.html ] and selling what other foreign nations spent billions of dollars on CERN ( Geneva, Switzerland ) projects, however secretly CERN knew well its sole mission for the United States of America: “Refine AntiMatter Hydrogen SubAtomic Production Into AntiHydrogen Propulsion Power for the U.S. Interstellar SpaceShip. Sound ridiculous?

In 1986, RAND CORPORATION ( Santa Monica, California, USA ) was the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( C.I.A. ) Science and Technology ( S&T ) private-sector foreign intelligence contractor missioned to spy and steal secrets from physicists particularly inside Eastern Europe countries and governments ( Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union, et. al. ) and on Western Europe U.S. friendly foreign nations. RAND CORPORATION primary intelligence mission was for the [ http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA229279 ] U.S. government military to obtain Anti-Hydrogen propulsion power for its own extragalactic starship [ http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA229279 ] one [ http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA229279 ] of [ http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a238011.pdf ] two [ http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a238011.pdf ] reports ).

In a novel published in 2000 that was turned into 2009 motion picture film entitled, “Angels & Demons,” a hidden vat of potentially explosive AntiHydrogen was depicted buried under the Holy Roman Catholic Church St. Peter Basilica cathedral ( Rome, Italy ), the CERN LBNL UCB physicists’ experiment numbers ( 38 ) of AntiHydrogen atoms and duration ( 1/10th of 1-second ) do not actually threaten the Vatican.

In 2002, CERN created the first ( 1st ) artificially produced Low-Energy ( LE ) antihydrogen atoms, consisting of a positron ( AntiMatter Electron / AntiElectron ) orbiting an AntiProton nucleus, but at that time atoms were ( striking normal ‘Matter’ ) were ( within microseconds ) instantly annihilated by Gamma-Rays.

Another CERN sub-Program sub-Project experimental test ( CPT symmetry ) named ALPHA ( Antihydrogen Laser PHysics Apparatus ) involved global collaboration, including physicists from Lawrence-Livermore Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL – Berkeley, California ) and the University of California at Berkeley ( UCB ) TRAPping ( for a little more than 1/10th of 1-second ) a total of thirty-eight ( 38 ) AntiHydrogen atoms before instantly annihilating ( again ).

Later, another CERN sub-Project experiment named ATHENA, a larger global collaboration shutdown in 2004, first ( 1st ) detection of Cold AntiHydrogen.

Alladin Magic Lamp Powerful Genie Trapped

CERN sole purpose was to create Interstellar Propulsion Power for the United States of America BOEING starship, which CERN successfully accomplished after ‘creating tens of millions of AntiHydrogen atoms’.

CERN used autoresonance on Cold AntiProtons compressed into two ( 2 ) individual tiny ( 20 mm long x 1.4 mm diameter / size of a ‘wooden match-stick head’ ) tubular-shaped bubbles.

In 2004, two ( 2 ) tiny tubular bubble clouds were positioned within an ‘expensive’ hollowed-out bottle, an octupole superconducting magnet wall bottle ( lamp ), used to stablize UltraHigh-Energy ( UHE ) Trillion electron Volt ( TeV ) plasmodic discharges.

One ( 1 ) tiny ( 20-mm x 1.4-mm ) tubular-shaped bubble cloud was tasked to flow over the other ( 2nd ) tiny tublar-shaped bubble when the AntiHydrogen power was finally trapped in the containment tank ( bottle ).

There is barely any weight involved at all for propulsion power.

AntiHydrogen SubAtomic power had been harnessed for almost 3-years before the BOEING U.S. interstellar starship was witnessed on November 11, 2011.

Interstellar starship staring-plane mosaic guidance systems and antihydrogen energy propellant has been confidentially reported as already having made interstellar flights in a spaceship that has travelled “1 light-year away away from Earth in about 1 Earth-year,” and on November 11, 2011 at 8:15 p.m. such interstellar starship was viewed by two ( 2 ) adult men.

Believed under secret flight orders dispatched through the U.S. National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO ) that dispacthes CIA overflight missions, the interstellar starship was recorded travelling silently above ground at an incredibly low altitude of approximately 1,000 feet and doing so at an incredibly slow speed of approximately 35-miles per hour. The men remarked at how such an incredibly huge elongated black triangle craft could even remain airborne while exhibiting such.

One ( 1 ) of the witnesses, was a former U.S. Air Force intelligence specialist who the following morning ( November 12, 2011 at 9:30 a.m. ) was visited by a retired Lieutenant General of the United States Air Force. Details of their conversation have not been released to the public to-date.

AntiMatter force deflection dematerializing space debris from otherwise penetrating the outer skin ( akin to ‘UltraViolet light zapping flying insects’ ) undoubtedly protected craft structural integrity of the BOEING interstellar starship ( “Enterprise III” ).

Exoplanetary Mission & Interstellar Spaceship ( NOA ARC ) Living With a Star Program – [ http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/60736main_M2M_report_small.pdf ] Moon, Mars and Beyond How ‘big’ would would an interstellar spacecraft need to be ‘extragalactic Noah Ark spacecraft’ be to ‘transport all Earth life’ out-of Earth’s current solar system to ‘another planet’ chosen as ‘suitable for sustaining human life?

Chances are more than likely today, that while much of the public is convinced ‘no human being ( living on Earth today )’ might ‘endure travelling at the speed of light’ ( or ‘live long enough throughout light-speed light-year distances’ ), CERN ( Geneva, Switzerland ) primary purpose was to develop interstellar propulsion power, which was successfully found in 2004 on behalf of the RAYTHEON CORPORATION to have already filed several [ http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN/6813330 ] U.S. Patents, one ( 1 ) patent of which subsequently led-up to the BOEING interstellar starship appearance on November 11, 2011 at a 1,000 foot altitude only a few miles south of RAYTHEON SAS ( El Segundo, California, USA ) and the Los Algeles Air Force Station Space Center, and 1-mile north of the U.S. National Petroleum Reserve facility adjacent the Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro, California but more specifically spotted by numerous witnesses at 8:15 p.m. navigating over Harbor City, California.

U.S. government secret spacecraft already travelling to other planets powered by already perfected CERN AntiHydrogen refinery fuel.

An anonymous individual indicated, “Yes, indeed!”

Reasons ‘why their so sure’?

1. Officially presented with officially-verified contract source text information;

2. Officially presented with officially-verified contract precise final diagramatics of the ‘interstellar propulsion antimatter containment tank’;

3. Officially presented with officially-verified color photographs of the antimatter propulsion system demonstrator test ( roof-mounted building bench test ) including color photo of opposing-positioned camera equipment; traced to multiple otherwise secret photographs; and,

4. Two ( 2 ) eyewitnesses whom together experienced ‘up-close’ ( less than 1,000-feet away ) and ‘very personal’ but short-viewing timeframe ( 15-minute ) of this particular U.S. antimatter propulsion interstellar spacecraft, a sharp-lined semi-flat and elongated version of what amounted to a “BattleStar Gallactica” ( former American television series and film ) but not as clumsy looking as the scapecraft depicted on the TV series. Anonymous individual, believes the spacecraft seen was nothing more than a U.S. National Reconnaissance Office Advanced Programs Long-Range Spacecraft – ‘not’ a “NOA ARC” as pictured elsewhere.

Exoplanetary Earth Life Seedings

Today ( 2012 ) it is no longer beyond belief and certainly within the realm of possibility to extragalactically transport, such things as ‘initial seedlings’:

A. “Early-Earth pure ( non-hybrid ) agricultural ( food ) seed storage;”

B. “Earth human genome structures ( genetic cryogenic ) storage;” and,

C. Humanoid tasking onboard spacecraft controls, certain experiments, and ‘other taskings’, See, e.g. International Space Station ( ISS ) Robonaut-2 ( R-2 ).

Earth Sudden Impact

Why are details being kept away-from the global public?

Ask ‘difficult questions’, be prepared for ‘soft information’, and don’t be surprised when you see what Anonymous witnessed with others.

Non-status-quo independent conceptualists are endangered low commodity human species government prefers not want to see poisioning its sheep.

Bah-bah black sheep, have you any ‘more’ wool – covering your eyes?

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ), Host
E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.com
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Research Note(s)

Click to access 19890001573_1989001573.pdf

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AntiMatter Technology Problems

AntiMatter Technology Problems

by, Paul Collin, host of Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ) on May 15, 2011 ( Originally Published: May 10, 2011 )

CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles – May 15, 2011 – The global scientific community is eyeing suspiciously a 1952 ‘experimental projects’ organization known as the Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire ( CERN ) also known as European Organization for Nuclear Research ] wherein its Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) consists of a huge 27-mile in diameter high-energy particle collider is conducting some extremely serious experiments involving what scientists and physicisys say involves something called a “CP-violation” that deals with creating a variety of new subatomic particles that are believed to have never existed anywhere on Earth.

There is quite a bit of controversy concerning something called a “strangelet” ( strangelets ) and other particle creations within the CERN experiment, which because of conjectures in scientific theories are feared by some professionals, could create a ’new subatomic particle’ that may upset the balance of Earth as we know it, and what is even more frightening is that if something goes out-of-control, it may take anywhere between 1-year to 5-years ‘before anyone notices a chain reaction having already been created that some have already identified as a ‘micro-blackhole’ that could theoretically begin consuming Earth from within its own magnetic iron core. Sounding like ‘science fiction’, apparently CERN experiments are ’definitely not’ something to be taken lightly.

This serious and highly controversial subject amongst scientists and physicists around the world is being touched-on in this report, amongst other related information, amongst which includes video clips ( below ) for better understanding some of the many aspects for public knowledge not being addressed by mainstream news broadcasts.

CERN went even further, though, by expanding its deep underground experiments to conduct related experiments in outerspace within what it calls the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS / AMS-02 ) now scheduled for launch aboard the U.S. Space Shuttle Endeavor STS-134 mission set for May 16, 2011. The AMS-02 is, however, to be delivered to the International Space Station ( ISS ) where it will continue CERN designated experiments.

Interestingly, during July 2010 the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS / AMS02 ) was ‘not’ launched as the video clip ( above ) depicted. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS / AMS-02 ), being equated to that of the Hubble space telescope, actually holds far more technological advancements from CERN and is solely designed to focus on subatomic particles surrounding antimatter issues.

U.S. Space Shuttle Endeavor mission STS-134 was scheduled to launch on April 14, 2011 but was delayed until the end of April 2011, but then was delayed yet again until May 16, 2011. Why so many delays and reschedulings?

Earth anti-matter issues are rarely addressed by the mainstream news media with the public, however in-lieu of the recent NASA public warning that it is expecting a ‘significant’ “solar flare” to erupt, coming bound for Earth, as something “we all need to be concerned about,” the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) having just been recently placed onboard the U.S. Space Shuttle Endeavour mission – scheduled to deliver the AMS aboard the International Space Station ( ISS ) – is something the public really needs to take a closer look at.

AMS-02 onboard ISIS

[ PHOTO ( above ): Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS / AMS-02 ) in U.S. Space Shuttle Endeavour cargo bay April 2011 ( click to enlarge ) ]

– –

Source: Nature.Com

AntiUniverse Here We Come by, Eugenie Samuel Reich

May 4, 2011

A controversial cosmic ray detector destined for the International Space Station will soon get to prove its worth.

The next space-shuttle launch will inaugurate a quest for a realm of the Universe that few believe exists.

Nothing in the laws of physics rules out the possibility that vast regions of the cosmos consist mainly of anti-matter, with anti-galaxies, anti-stars, even anti-planets populated with anti-life.

“If there’s matter, there must be anti-matter. The question is, where’s the Universe made of antimatter?” says Professor Samuel C.C. Ting, a Nobel prize winning physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. But most physicists reason that if such antimatter regions existed, we would have seen the light emitted when the particles annihilated each other along the boundaries between the antimatter and the matter realms. No wonder the Professor Samuel C.C. Ting brainchild, a $2,000,000,000 billion dollar space mission was sold ‘partly on the promise of looking for particles emanating from anti-galaxies’, is fraught with controversy.

Professor Ting’s project, however has other ‘more mainstream scientific goals’ so, most critics of which held their tongues last week as the U.S. Space Shuttle Endeavour STS-134 mission – prepared to deliver the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS version, known as the AMS-02 ) to the International Space Station ( ISS ) – flight was delayed ( because of problems ) until later this month ( May 2011 ).

Pushing The Boundaries –

Seventeen ( 17 ) years in the making, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) is a product of the former NASA administrator Dan Goldin quest to find remarkable science projects for the Internation Space Station ( ISS ) and of the Ting fascination with anti-matter.

Funded by NASA, the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ), plus a sixteen ( 16 ) country consortium of partners, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) has prevailed – despite delays and technical problems – along with the doubts of many high-energy and particle physicists.

“Physics is not about doubt,” says Roberto Battiston, deputy spokesman for the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) and physicist at the University of Perugia, Italy. “It is about precision measurement.”

As the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) experiment headed to the Space Shuttle Endeavour launch pad, Roberto Battiston and other scientists were keen to emphasize the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) ‘unprecedented sensitivity’ to the gamut of cosmic rays, that rain down on Earth, that should allow the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) to perform two ( 2 ) things:

1. Measure Cosmic Ray High-Energy Charged ‘Particles’ and ‘Properties’ ( thereof ), sent from:

– Sun ( Earth’s ); – Supernovae ( distant ); and, Gamma ( γ ) Ray Bursts ( GRB ).

AND,

2. Detect AntiMatter ( errant chunks ), sent from the:

a. Universe ( far-away ).

Cosmic rays ( on Earth ) can only be indirectly detected by their showers of ‘secondary particles’ produced – when slamming into molecules of atmosphere in high regions above the Earth, but the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) in space will get an undistorted view.

“We’ll be able to measure ( solar ) Cosmic Ray Flux very precisely,” says collaboration member physicist Fernando Barão of the Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics ( in Lisbon, Spain ). “The best place ( for detecting this ) is to be in ‘space’ because you don’t have Earth’s atmosphere that is going to destroy those cosmic rays.”

No matter what happens, with the more speculative search for antimatter, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) should produce a definitive map of the cosmic ray sky – helping to build a kind of ‘astronomy not dependent on light’.

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) consists of a powerful permanent magnet surrounded by a suite of particle detectors.

Over 10-years ( or more ), that the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) experiment will run, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) magnet will bend the paths of cosmic rays by an amount that reveals their energy and charge, thereby their identity.

Some will be ‘heavy atomic nuclei’, while others ( made from anti-matter ), will reveal themselves by ‘bending in the opposite direction’ from their ‘matter’ counterparts ( see, e.g. cosmic curveballs ).

By ‘counting positrons’ ( i.e. antimatter ‘electrons’ ), the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) could also ‘chase a tentative signal of dark matter’, the so-far ‘undetected stuff’ thought to account for ‘much of the mass of the Universe’.

In 2009, Russia and Italy researchers – with the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics ( PAMELA ) onboard a Russia satellite – published evidence of an ‘excess amount of positrons in the space environment surrounding Earth’ ( O. Adriani et al. Nature 458 , 607–609; 2009 ). One potential source of this is the ‘annihilation of dark-matter particles’ within the ‘halo enveloping our Galaxy’.

Another speculative quest, is to follow up on hints of ‘strange matter’, a ‘hypothetical substance’ that should be found in ‘some collapsed stars’ containing ‘strange quarks’, ‘up quarks’ and ‘down quarks’ – within ordinary nuclei.

NASA Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) program manager Mark Sistilli says hints of ‘strange matter’ were seen – during a 1998 pilot flight of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS / AMS-01 ) aboard the Space Shuttle, however NASA determined results ‘too tentative to publish’.

Because the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS / AMS-02 ) status was made as an “exploration mission,” the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) ‘did not need to follow’ “peer review” NASA would ‘normally have required’ for a ”science mission.”

But Sistilli emphasizes the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS ) earned flying colors from committees convened by the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ), which is supplying $50,000,000 million of the funding.

Now their ( DOE ) confidence will be put to the test.

Reference

http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110504/full/473013a.html

While for some it may appear strangelet subatomic antimatter particle research is for advancing our knowledge of unlocking the secrets of life in the Universe, others are still asking NASA what they really know is behind ‘why’ an ‘expected significant’ Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) is something “we all need to be concerned about” on Earth.

With Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) high-energy effects capable of disrupting Earth ground-based and space-based electrical components and electricity grid infrastructure systems for up to 10-years, many wonder why billions upon billions of dollars were and are still being pumped into the CERN project studying ‘strangelets’ and people want to know just why we need ‘more immediate information detection capabilities’ on high-energy solar flare proton and electron ejections coming toward Earth soon, which NASA and other agencies ‘know far more about’ than they are willing to tell the public.

How advanced has government authorities grown from private-sector science and technology knowledge? The United States has already mapped internal magma flows of the Sun.

How could the U.S. government possibly ‘see inside the Sun’ to know when a ‘direct or near direct Earth facing’ Sun based Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) from a solar flare would occur in the future?

In layman terms, for government it was like looking through a clear glass Pyrex bowl positioned atop a stove burner, watching as water starts to boil inside it, and then predicting – based on the flame heating it the water – when bubbles will come to the surface, when one takes into account a government ’ground-based’ ( does ‘not’ require ‘space-based placement’ ) observatory telescope equipped with a “super lens” used for imaging ( observing ) ‘objects at great distances inside matter’ – a “superlens” that now even ‘defies light-speed’ and ‘matter’. ( Read Below )

– –

[ PHOTO ( above ): Antimatter photon ‘optic’ substrate structure material for ‘subsurface solar imaging plasma flows’ inside Sun enables plotting Coronal Mass Ejections ‘before solar surface eruptions’ ( click to enlarge ) ]

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Operated by the University of California

Optical Antimatter Structure Shows The Way For New Super Lens by, Aditi Risbud

April 21, 2009

A device, made from alternating layers of ‘air’ and ‘silicon photonic crystal’, behaves like a ‘super lens’ – providing the first experimental demonstration of optical antimatter.

Scientists at Berkeley Lab ( Berkeley, California, USA ) and the Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems ( CNR ) in Naples, Italy have experimentally demonstrated – for the first time – the ‘concept of optical antimatter’ by ‘light traveling through a material without being distorted’.

By engineering a material focusing light through its own internal structure, a beam of light can enter and exit ( unperturbed ) after traveling through millimeters of material.

For years, optics researchers have struggled to bypass the ‘diffraction limit’, a physical law restricting imaging resolution to about 1/2 the wavelength of light used to make the image.

If a material with a negative index of refraction ( a property describing how light bends as it enters or exits a material ) could be designed, this diffraction hurdle could be lowered.

Such a material could also behave as a superlens, useful in observing objects from imaging equipment with ‘details finer than allowed by the diffraction limit’, a physical law restricting imaging resolution to about 1/2 the wavelength of light used to make the image.

Despite the intriguing possibilities posed, by a substance with a negative index of refraction, ‘this property is inaccessible through naturally occurring ( positive index ) materials’.

During the mid 1990s, English theoretical physicist Sir John Pendry proposed his clever ‘sleight of light’ using so-called metamaterials – engineered ‘materials’ whose underlying structure ‘can alter overall responses’ to ‘electrical fields’ and ‘magnetic fields’.

Inspired by the Sir John Pendry proposal, scientists have made progress in scaling metamaterials from microwave to infrared wavelengths while illuminating the nuances of light-speed and direction-of-motion in such engineered structures.

“We’ve shown a ‘completely new way to control and manipulate light’, ‘using a silicon photonic crystal’ as a ‘real metamaterial’ – and it works,” said Stefano Cabrini, Facility Director of the Nanofabrication Facility in the Molecular Foundry, a U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) User Facility located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL ) providing support to nanoscience researchers around the world.

“Our findings will open-up an easier way to make structures and use them effectively as a ‘super-lens’.”

Through the Molecular Foundry user program, Cabrini and post-doctoral researcher Allan Chang collaborated with Vito Mocella, a theoretical scientist at the Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems ( CNR ) in Naples, Italy to fabricate a 2 X 2 millimeter device consisting of alternating layers of air and a silicon based photonic crystal containing air holes.

Using high precision nanofabrication processes, the team designed the spacing and thicknesses of each layer to behave like the metamaterial Sir John Pendry had envisioned.

This device was then used to focus a beam of near-infrared ( I-R ) light, essentially ‘annihilating’ 2 millimeters of ‘space’.

“Now that we have a prototype to demonstrate the concept, our next step will be to find the geometry and material that will work for visible light,” said Cabrini.

Along with possibilities in imaging, the researchers’ findings could also be used to develop hybrid negative-index and positive-index materials, Cabrini added, which may lead to novel ‘devices’ and ‘systems’ unachievable through either material alone.

“Self-collimation of light over millimeter-scale distance in a quasi zero average index metamaterial,” by Vito Mocella, Stefano Cabrini, Allan S.P. Chang, P. Dardano, L. Moretti, I. Rendina, Deirdre Olynick, Bruce Harteneck and Scott Dhuey, appears in Physical Review Letters available in Physical Review Letters online.

Portions of this work were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231.

The Molecular Foundry is one ( 1 ) of five ( 5 ) U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) Nanoscale Science Research Centers ( NSRC ) that are premier national user facilities for interdisciplinary research at the nanoscale. Together, the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) Nanoscale Science Research Centers ( NSRC ) comprise a suite of complementary facilities providing researchers with state-of-the-art capabilities to fabricate, process, characterize and model nanoscale materials, which constitutes the ‘largest infrastructure investment’ of the National Nanotechnology Initiative ( NNI ).

U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) Nanoscale Science Research Centers ( NSRC ) are located at these six ( 6 ) locations:

– Argonne National Laboratory ( ANL ); – Brookhaven National Laboratory ( BNL ); – Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL ); – Oak Ridge National Laboratory ( ORNL ); – Sandia National Laboratory ( SNL ); and, – Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ).

For more information about the DOE NSRCs, please visit http://nano.energy.gov.

Berkeley Lab is a U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) National Laboratory located in Berkeley, California conducting ‘unclassified scientific research’ managed by the University of California.

References

http://www.lbl.gov http://foundry.lbl.gov http://newscenter.lbl.gov/feature-stories/2009/04/21/optical-antimatter

– –

If the public could keep its eye open for one second, it would see what is coming at them before it hits them with a surprise that only government knows anything about however governments continue conveying its double-speak vernacular to citizens over a very long period of decades; perhaps, a mere fact ’known today’ may eventually come as no surprise to many whom would have otherwise been kept in the dark while only a few know far more about what awaits the masses.

Perhaps, people may begin asking more questions of their country’s agencies spending so much money so quickly for apparently some ‘mysterious emergency purpose’, and if not for some ‘mysterious emergency purpose’, why is so much money being spent on science and space projects while the general public is told about ‘serious government budget cutbacks’ seeing so many people suffer?

If there is no ’emergency’, then people should know ‘why they are suffering financially more’ – just for the sake of ‘growing science experiment budgets’?

Might be a good idea for everyone to begin keeping their eyes open a little more often and trained on something more than light-hearted mainstream media news entraining entertainment broadcastings.

If people think they get real serious about ‘what they know’ as told on television news broadcasts, imagine how much more serious they will become when they learn about what they ‘were not told’?

Think about it. How Fast Is Technology Growing?

Just beginning to grasp something ‘new’?

Now think about something even newer than the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) at CERN.

Reference: https://web.archive.org/web/20120921064312/http://conceptactivityresearchvault.wordpress.com/2011/05/15/antimatter-technology-problems/

BNL Time Chamber

Running Time Backwards –

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ( RHIC ) that added its Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC ( STAR ) claiming to “reverse time” by ultra super computers reconstructing sub-atomic particle interactions producing particles – emerging from each collision – that STAR is believed to be able to “run time backward” in a process equated to examining final products coming out-of a factory that scientists and physicists have no idea ’what kinds of machines produced the products’. Basically, they are developing items so fast, they do not know how they were formed, much less what the capabilities are. Fact is, ’they could easily produce a monster’ and ‘not know what it is until after they are eaten by it’. Scary, really, like kids being given matches to play with.

They are being educated beyond their own intelligence, so much so and to the point by which scientists and physicists ’cannot even grasp what ‘it’ is they’re looking at – much less know what they are trying to manipulate to ‘see what it does next’ – nevertheless they are conducting experiments like children playing with dynamite.

Think this is science fiction? Think they are mad scientists at play? Check the research reference links ( below ).

Think antimatter technology has advanced alot since you began reading this report? calculate ‘more’ because the public does not even know half of it.

Reference: https://unwantedpublicityintel.wordpress.com/2015/09/22/time-foolery/ and, Research ( 26MAY05 ): https://web.archive.org/web/20120925015521/http://www.bnl.gov/rhic/news2/news.asp?a=2647&t=today

CERN has been operating since 2002, and the “SuperLens” was worked-on ‘before’ 2002, making ‘both’ today now 10-years old.

Want newer ‘news’?

Superlenses – created from perovskite oxides – are simpler and easier to fabricate than ‘metamaterials’.

Superlenses are ideal for capturing light travelling in the mid-infra-red ( IR ) spectrum range, opening even newer technological highly sensitive imaging devices, and this superlensing effect can be selectively turned ‘on’ and ‘off’, opening yet another technology of ‘highly dense data storage writing’ for ‘far more advanced capability computers’.

Plasmonic whispering gallery microcavities, consisting of a silica interior coated with a thin layer of silver, ‘improves quality by better than an order of magnitude’ of current plasmonic microcavities. and paves the way for ‘plasmonic nanolasers’.

Expand your knowledge, begin researching the six ( 6 ) reference links ( below ) so that the next time you watch the ‘news’ you’ll begin to realize just how much you’re ‘not being told’ about what is ‘actually far more important’ – far more than you’re used to imagining.

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Paul Collin ( Concept Activity Research Vault ) E-MAIL: UnwantedPublicity@GMAIL.com  WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

References

http://www.bnl.gov/rhic/
http://www.bnl.gov/rhic/STAR.asp
http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/PR_display.asp?prID=1075&template=Today
http://newscenter.lbl.gov/news-releases/2011/03/29/perovskite-based-superlens-for-the-infrared/
http://newscenter.lbl.gov/news-releases/2009/01/22/plasmonic-whispering-gallery/
http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1018060

Earth Event Alerts

Earth Event Alerts

[ IMAGE ( above ): IBM Stratus and Cirrus supercomputers analyze Global Environmental Intelligence ( click to enlarge ) ]

Earth Event Alerts

by, Kentron Intellect Research Vault [ E-MAIL: KentronIntellectResearchVault@Gmail.Com ]

August 17, 2012 19:00:42 ( PST ) Updated ( Originally Published: March 23, 2011 )

MARYLAND, Fort George G. Meade – August 17, 2012 – IBM Stratus and IBM Cirrus supercomputers as well as CRAY XK6m and CRAY XT5 ( Jaguar ) massive parallel supercomputers and vector supercomputers are securely controlled via the U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) for analyzing Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) data extracted from ground-based ( terrestrial ) monitoring stations and space-based ( extraterrestrial ) spaceborne platforms studying Earth Event ( Space Weather ) effects via High-Performance Computing ( HPC ) as well as, for:

– Weather Forecasting ( including: Space Weather ); – U.S. Government Classified Projects; – Scientific Research; – Design Engineering; and, – Other Research.

[ IMAGE ( above ): CRAY XK6m supercomputers analyze Global Environmental Intelligence ( click to enlarge ) ]

CRAY INC. largest customers are U.S. government agencies, e.g. the U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) and the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) Oak Ridge National Laboratory ( ORNL ), which accounts for about 3/4 of revenue for CRAY INC. – as well as other supercomputers used worldwide by academic institutions ( universities ) and industrial companies ( private-sector firms ).

CRAY INC. additionally provides maintenance, support services and sells data storage products from partners ( e.g. BlueArc, LSI and Quantum ).

Supercomputer competitors, of CRAY INC., are:

– IBM; – HEWLETT-PACKARD; and, – DELL.

On May 24, 2011 CRAY INC. announced its new CRAY XK6 supercomputer, a hybrid supercomputing system combining its Gemini InterConnect, AMD Opteron™ 6200 Series processors ( code-named: InterLagos ) and NVIDIA Tesla 20 Series GPUs into a tightly integrated upgradeable supercomputing system capable of more than 50 petaflops ( i.e. ‘quadrillions of computing operations’ per ‘second’ ), a multi-purpose supercomputer designed for the next-generation of many-core High Performance Computing ( HPC ) applications.

The SWISS NATIONAL SUPERCOMPUTING CENTRE ( CSCS ) – located in Manno, Switzerland – is the CRAY INC. first ( 1st ) customer for the new CRAY XK6 system. CSCS ( Manno, Switzerland ) promotes and develops technical and scientific services in the field of High-Performance Computing ( HPC ) for the Swiss research community, and is upgrading its CRAY XE6m system ( nick-named: Piz Palu ) into a multiple cabinet new CRAY XK6 supercomputer. The SWISS NATIONAL SUPERCOMPUTING CENTRE ( CSCS ) supports scientists working, in:

– Weather Forecasting; – Physics; – Climatology; – Geology; – Astronomy; – Mathematics; – Computer Sciences; – Material Sciences; – Chemistry; – Biology; – Genetics; and, – Experimental Medicine.

Data additionally analyzed by these supercomputers, include:

– Ultra-Deep Sea Volcanoes located in continental plate fracture zones several miles beneath ocean basin areas ( e.g. Asia-Pacific Rim also known as the “Pacific Ring of Fire” where a circum-Pacific seismic belt of earthquakes frequently impact areas far across the Pacific Ocean in the Americas ).

Global geoscience realizes Earth ‘ground movement shaking’ earthquakes hide alot, of what people are actually walking on-top-of, large geographic land mass areas known as ‘continental shelves’ or “continental plates” that move ( tectonics ) because of superheated pressurized extrasuperconducting magnetic energy properties released from within molten magma material violently exploding beneath the surface of the Earth down in ultra-deep seas.

[ IMAGE ( above ): Global Tectonic Plate Boundaries & Major Volcano HotSpots ( click to enlarge ) ]

Significant volcanoes are positioned like dots along this global 25,000-mile circular region known as the “Pacific Ring of Fire” extending from south of Australia up the ‘entire eastcoast’ of Japan, China and the Kamchatka Pennisula of Russia to across the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and then south down the ‘entire westcoast’ of North America and Latin America.

[ IMAGE ( above ): Ultra-Deep Sea Pacific Ocean Basin ( click to enlarge ) ]

March 11, 2011 Tohoku-chiho Taiheiyo-oki Japan 9.0 earthquake held several secrets, including U.S. government contractors simultaneously monitoring a significant ”moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) Earth Event occurring parallel to the eastcoast of Japan beneath the Western Pacific Ocean where an entire suboceanic mountain range was being split in-half ( south to north ) 310-miles long and split open 100-feet wide ( east to west ), which the public was unaware of nor were they told details about.

Interestingly, the March 11, 2011 Japan island earthquakes have not yet stopped, as the swarm of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 Richter scale earthquakes continue as a direct and proximate cause of erupting ‘suboceanic volcanoes‘ moving these large “plates” beginning to force yet others to slam into one another thousands of miles away.

Japan’s Western Pacific Ocean ‘eastcoast’ has a ’continental plate’ slamming point meeting the ’westcoast’ of North America near the Cascade mountain range ‘plate’ reacting in one ( 1 ) of two ( 2 ) ways, i.e. ’seaward’ ( plate thrusting toward Japan ) or ‘landward’ ( plate thrusting toward the Pacific Northwest ) of the United States and/or Canada.

What The Public Never Knew

Government leadership, globally, is acutely familiar with these aforementioned types of major Earth Events, including ‘monstrous plate tectonic pushing matches’, which usually collapse one or more ‘national infrastructures’ and typically spells ‘death’ and ‘serious injuries’ for populations in developed areas.

Extremely familiar with mass public panic resulting from Earth Event catastrophes, government ‘contingency actions’ pre-approved by ‘governing bodies’ and/or ‘national leadership’ Executive Order Directives, which although not advertised is a matter of public record, ‘immediately calls’ upon ‘all military forces’ to carry-out “risk reduction” ( ‘minimization of further damages and dangers’ ) through what is referred to as “mitigation” ( ‘disaster management’ ) within “National Disaster Preparedness Planning” ( ‘national contingency measures’ ) details citizens are unaware-of. Government decision-makers know a “national emergency can bring temporary suspension of Constitutional Rights and a loss of freedoms – a volatile subject few care to discuss because ’any significant natural disaster’ will result in government infringment on many civil liberties most populations are accustomed to enjoying.

Before 1-minute and 40-seconds had passed into the March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake ( Richter scale: M 9.0 ), key U.S. government decision-makers discussed the major Earth Event unfolding off Japan’s eastcoast Plate-Boundary subduction zone beneath the ultra-deep sea of the Western Pacific Ocean where Japan’s monstrous volcano mountain range had split at least 100-feet wide open and cracked 310-miles long in a northern direction headed straight for the Aleutian Islands of Alaska in the United States.

U.S. Military Contingent Standby “Red Alert” Notification

U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Communications Directorate ( A6 ) ‘provides support’ over ‘daily operations’, ‘contingency actions’ and ‘general’ Command, Control, Communication and Computer Intelligence ( C4I ) for the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) saw its 1st Weather Group ( 1ST WXG ) Directorate ready its USAFWAWXGOWS 25th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base ( Tucson, Arizona ) responsibile for conjuntive communication notification issuance of an Earth Event “Red Alert” immediately issued directly to U.S. Army Western Command ( WESTCOM ) with a “Standby-Ready” clause pausing Western Region ( CONUS ) mobilization of Active, Reserve and National Guard military forces at specific installations based on the Japan Earth Event “moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) Plate-Boundary consequential rebound expected to strike against the North America westcoast Plate-Boundary of the Cascadia Range reactionarily triggering its subduction zone into a Cascadia ‘great earthquake’.

CALTECH Public News Suppression Of Major Earth Event

Officials, attempting to diminish any clear public understanding of the facts only knowing a Richter scale level earthquake ‘magnitude’ ( never knowing or hearing about what a major Earth Event “moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) entailed ), only served-up ‘officially-designed double-speak psycho-babble terms’ unfamiliar to the public as ‘creative attention distraction’ announcing the “Japan earthquake experienced,” a:

– “Bilateral Rupture;” and,

– “Slip Distribution.”

The facts are that, the Japan ‘earthquake’ would ‘never have occurred’, ‘unless’:

1ST – “Bilateral Rupture” ( ‘suboceanic subterranean tectonic plate split wide open  ) occurred; followed by,

2ND – “Slip Distribution” ( ‘tectonic plate movement’ ); then finally,

3RD – “Ground Shaking” ( ‘earthquake’ ) response.   Officials failed the public without any notification a major Earth Event “moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) on the “Pacific Ring of Fire” ( circum-Pacific seismic belt ) in the Western Pacific Ocean had a, huge:

1. Continental Plate Break Off;

3. Undersea Plate Mountain Range Crack Wide Open; plus,

2. Mountain Range Split Open 310-Miles Long.

There are some, laying at rest, that might ‘not consider’ the aforementioned three ( 3 ) major Earth Event occurences significant, except those ‘still living’ on Earth.

Asia-Pacific Rim

This western Pacific Ocean huge ‘undersea mountain range’ moved ‘east’, crushing into the smaller portion of its tectonic plate’ toward the continent of Asia, which commenced continous streams of day and night significant earthquakes still registering 5.0 + and 6.0 + according to Richter scale levels of magnitude now and for over 12-days throughout the area surrounding Japan, the point nearest where the tectonic plate meets the continent of Asia within the western Pacific Ocean from where this ‘monstorous undersea mountain range’ suddenly split, sending the ‘eastern half’ – with the ‘tectonic plate’ broken beneath it – slamming into the continent of Asia.

Simultaneously pushed, even greater with more force outward ( note: explosives – like from out-of a cannon or from a force-shaped explosive – project blasts outward from the ‘initial explosive blast’ is blunted by a back-stop ) away-from the Asia continent, was this ‘monstorous undersea mountain range’ split-off ( 310-miles / 500-kilometers long ) ‘western half’ slammed west up against the Americas ‘western tectonic plates’ .

This ‘is’ the ‘major’ “Earth Event” that will have consequential global impact repurcussions, ‘officially minimized’ by ‘focusing public attention’ on a ‘surface’ Earth Event earthquake 9.0 Richter scale magnitude ( once ), while even further diminishing the hundreds of significant earthquakes that are still occuring 12-days after the initial earthquake.

Asia-Pacific Rim “Ring Of Fire”

Many are unaware the “Asia-Pacific Rim” is ( also known as ) the “Ring of Fire” whereunder the ”ultra-deep sea Pacific Ocean’ exists ‘numerous gigantic volatile volcanoes’ positioned in an ‘incredibly large circle’ ( “ring” ) around a ‘huge geographic land mass area’ comprised of ‘tectonic plates’ that ‘connect’ the ‘Eastern Asias’ to the ‘Western Americas’.

Yellowstone National Park Super Volcano

Many people are still wondering ‘why’ the Japan earthquakes have not yet stopped, and why they are being plagued by such a long swarm of siginificant earthquakes still to this very day nearly 60-days later. The multiple color video clips viewed ( below ) provides information on unusual earthquake swarm patterns and reversals while studying the World’s largest supervolcano in Wyoming ( USA ) located at Yellowstone National Park, a global public attraction viewing natural underground volcano steam vents known as geyser eruptions:

[ PHOTO ( above ): Major HotSpot at Yellowstone displays Half Dome cap of granite rock above unerupted volcano magma. ]

Ultra-Deep Sea Volcanoes

When huge undersea volcanoes erupt they dynamically force incredibly large geographic land mass plates to move whereupon simultaneously and consequentially movement is experienced on ‘surface land areas’ people know as ’earthquakes’ with their ’aftermath measurements’ provided in “Richter scale level” measurements that most do not understand. These Richter scale measurements are only ‘officially provided estimates’, as ’officials are never presented with totally accurate measurements’ because many of which are ‘not obtained with any great precision for up-to 2-years after the initial earthquake’.

Rarely are ‘precise measurements’ publicly provided, and at anytime during that 2-year interim the public may hear their previously reported earthquake Richter scale level measurement was either “officially upgraded” or “officially downgraded.” Often, this is apparently dependent when one sees ’many other countries contradicting U.S. public news announcements’ about the magnitude of a particularly controversial earthquake. An example of this was seen surrounding the March 12, 2011 earthquake in Japan:

– Japan 1st public announcement: 9.2 Richter scale;

– United States 1st public announcement: 8.9 Richter scale;

– United States 2nd public announcement: 9.0 Richter scale; and,

– United States 3rd public announcement: 9.1 Richter scale.

What will the March 12, 2011 Japan earthquake be officially reported as in 2-years? Who knows?

Never publicly announced, however are measurements of an earthquake ‘force strength pressure accumulation’ transmitted through suboceanic tectonic plates grinding against one another, a major Earth Event ‘geographic pushing process’, having been seen by U.S. NSA supercomputers from global ground and space-based monitoring analysis surrounding the “Asia-Pacific Rim Ring of Fire” – stretching from the ‘Eastern Asias’ to the ‘Western Americas’ and beyond.

This ‘domino plate tectonic principle’ results from combined amounts of ‘volcanic magmatic eruptive force strength’ and ‘tectonic plate accumulative pressure build-up’ against ‘adjacent tectonic plates’ causing ‘suboceanic, subterranean and surface land to move’ whereupon ‘how significant such amounts occur determines strength’ of both consequential ‘earthquakes’ and resultant ‘tsunamis’.

Waterway Tsunamis

When most of the public ‘hears about’ a “tsunami”, they ‘think’ ‘high waves’ near “ocean” coastal regions presented with significant floods over residents of cities nearby. Few realize the ‘vast majority of Earth’s population predominantly live all along ocean coastal regions. Few realize one ( 1 ) ‘gigantic tsunami’ could ‘kill vast populations living near oceans in the wake of popular beaches, a tough trade-off for some while logical others choose ‘living further inland’ – away from large bodies of water like ‘large lakes’ where ‘tide levels are also effected by the gravitational pull of the moon’ that can also can a ‘vast deep lake body’ bring a tsunami dependent on which direction tectonic plates move a ‘force directionalized earthquake’ creating a ‘tsunami’ with significant innundating floods over residents living in cities near those ‘large shoreline’ areas too.

What most of the public does not yet fully realize is that ‘large river bodies of water’, like the Mississippi River that is a ‘north’ to ‘south’ directional river’ could easily see ‘east to ‘west’ directional ‘tectonic plates’ move adjacent states – along the New Madrid Fault subduction zone – with significant ‘earthquakes’ – from tectonic plate movement easily capable of squeezing the side banks of even the Missippi River forcing huge amounts of water hurled out onto both ‘east’ and ‘west’ sides resulting in ‘seriously significant inland flooding’ over residents living in ‘low lying’ states of the Central Plains of the United States.

Japan “Pacific Ring Of Fire” Earthquakes To Americas Cascadia Fault Zone

Japan accounts, of a co-relative tsunami, suggest the Cascadia Fault rupture occurred from one ( 1 ) single earthquake triggering a 9-Mw Earth Event on January 26, 1700 where geological evidence obtained from a large number of coastal northern California ( USA ) up to southern Vancouver Island ( Canada ), plus historical records from Japan show the 1,100 kilometer length of the Cascadia Fault subduction zone ruptured ( split cauding that earthquake ) major Earth Event at that time. While the sizes of earlier Cascadia Fault earthquakes are unknown, some “ruptured adjacent segments” ( ‘adjacent tectonic plates’ ) within the Cascadia Fault subduction zone were created over periods of time – ranging from as little as ‘hours’ to ‘years’ – that has historically happened in Japan.

Over the past 20-years, scientific progress in understanding Cascadia Fault subduction zone behavior has been made, however only 15-years ago scientists were still debating whether ‘great earthquakes’ occured at ‘fault subduction zones’. Today, however most scientists realize ‘great earthquakes’ actually ‘do occur in fault subduction zone regions’.

Now, scientific discussions focus on subjects, of:

– Earth crust ‘structural changes’ when a “Plate Boundary” ruptures ( splits ) – Related tsunamis; – Seismogenic zone ( tectonic plate ‘locations’ and ‘width sizes’ ).

Japan America Earthquakes And Tsunamis Exchange

Great Cascadia earthquakes generate tsunamis, which most recently was at-least a ’32-foot high tidal wave’ onto the Pacific Ocean westcoast of Washington, Oregon, and California ( northern portion of state ), and that Cascadia earthquake tsunami sent a consequential 16-foot high todal wave onto Japan.

These Cascadia Fault subduction zone earthquake tsunamis threaten coastal communities all around the Pacific Ocean “Ring of Fire” but have their greatest impact on the United States westcoast and Canada being struck within ’15-minutes’ to ’40-minutes’ shortly ‘after’ a Cascadia Fault subduction zone earthquake occurs.

Deposits, from past Cascadia Fault earthquake tsunamis, have been identified at ‘numerous coastal sites’ in California, Oregon, Washington, and even as far ‘north’ as British Columbia ( Canada ) where distribution of these deposits – based on sophisticated computer software simulations for tsunamis – indicate many coastal communities in California, Oregon, Washington, and even as far ‘north’ as British Columbia ( Canada ) are well within flooding inundation zones of past Cascadia Fault earthquake tsunamis.

California, Oregon, Washington, and even as far ‘north’ as British Columbia ( Canada ) westcoast communities are indeed threatened by future tsunamis from Cascadia great earthquake event ‘tsunami arrival times’ are dependent on measuring the distance from the ‘point of rupture’ ( tectonic plate split, causing earthquake ) – within the Cascadia Fault subduction zone – to the westcoast “landward” side.

Cascadia Earthquake Stricken Damage Zone Data

Strong ground shaking from a “moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) “9″ Plate-Boundary earthquake will last 3-minutes or ‘more’, dominated by ‘long-periods of further earthquakes’ where ‘ground shaking movement damage’ will occur as far inland as the cities of Portland, Oregon; Seattle, Washington; and Vancouver, British Columbia ( Canada ).

Tsunami Optional Wave Patterns “Following Sea”

Large cities within 62-miles to 93-miles of the nearest point of the Cascadia Plate-Boundary zone inferred rupture, will not only experience ‘significant ground shaking’ but also experience ‘extreme duration ground shaking’ lasting far longer, in-addition to far more powerful tsunamis carrying far more seawater because of their consequential “lengthened  wave periods” ( ‘lengthier distances’ between ‘wave crests’ or ‘wave curls’ ) bringing inland akin to what fisherman describe as a deadly “following sea” ( swallowing everything within an ‘even more-so powerful waterpath’ ), the result of which inland causes ‘far more significant damage’ on many ‘tall buildings’ and ‘lengthy structures’ where ‘earthquake magnitude strength’ will be felt ‘strongest’ – all along the United States of America Pacific Ocean westcoast regional areas – experiencing ‘far more significant damage’.Data Assessments Of Reoccuring Cascadia Earthquakes

cascadia ‘great earthquakes’ “mean recurrence interval” ( ‘time period occuring between one earthquake with the next earthquake ) – specific ‘at the point’ of the Cascadia Plate-Boundary – time is between 500-years up-to 600-years, however Cascadia Fault earthquakes in the past have occurred well within the 300-year interval of even less time since the Cascadia ‘great earthquake’ of the 1700s. Time intervals, however between ‘successive great earthquakes’ only a few centuries up-to 1,000 years has little ‘well-measured data’ as to ‘reoccurance interval’ because the numbers of recorded Cascadia earthquakes have rarely measured over ‘five’ ( 5 ). Data additionally indicates Cascadia earthquake intermittancy with irregular intervals when they did occur, plus data lacks ‘random distribution’ ( ‘tectonic plate shift’ or ‘earth movement’ ) or ‘cluster’ of these Cascadia earthquakes over a lengthier period of time so ‘more accurate assessments are unavailable’ for knowning anything more about them. Hence, because Cascadia earthquake ‘recurrence pattern’ is so ‘poorly known’, knowing probabilities of the next Cascadia earthquake occurrence is unfortunately unclear with extremely sparse ‘interval information’ details.

Cascadia Plate-Boundary “Locked” And “Not Locked”

Cascadia Plate-Boundary zone is ‘currently locked’ off the U.S. westcoast shoreline where it has accumulating plate tectonic pressure build-up – from other tectonic plates crashing into it for over 300-years.

The Cascadia Fault subduction zone, at its widest point, is located northwest just off the coast of the State of Washington where the maximum area of seismogenic rupture is approximately 1,100 kilometers long and 50 kilometers up-to 150 kilometers wide. Cascadia Plate-Boundary seismogenic portion location and size data is key-critical for determining earthquake magnitude, tsunami size, and the strength of ground shaking.

Cascadia Plate-Boundary “landward limit” – of only its “locked” portion – where ‘no tectonic plate shift has yet to occur’ is located between the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate and North America tectonic plate were it came to be “locked” between Cascadia earthquakes, however this “ocked” notion has only been delineated from ‘geodetic measurements’ of ‘surface land deformation’ observations. Unfortunately, its “seaward limit” has ‘very few constraints’ up-to ‘no constraints’ for travelling – on its so-called “locked zone” portion – that could certainly move at any time.

Cascadia Plate Continues Sliding

Cascadia transition zone, separating its “locked zone” from its “continuous sliding zone” headed east into the continent of North America, is constrained ( held-back ) poorly so, Cascadia rupture may extend an unknown distance – from its now “locked zone” to its “continously sliding transition zone.”

On some Earth crust faults, near coastal regions, earthquakes may also experience ‘additional Plate-Boundary earthquakes’, ‘increased tsunami tidal wave size’ plus ‘intensification of local area ground shaking’.

Earth Event Mitigation Forces Global Money Flow

Primary ‘government purpose’ to ‘establishing international’ “risk reduction” is solely to ‘minimize global costs from damages’ associated with major magnitude Earth Events similar-to but even-greater than the what happend on March 11, 2011 all over Japan.

Historical earthquake damages assist in predictive projections of damage loss studies suggesting disastrous future losses will occur in the Pacific Northwest from a Cascadia Fault subduction ‘great earthquake’. National ‘loss mitigation efforts’ – studying ‘other seismically active regions’ plus ‘national cost-benefit studies’ indicate that ‘earthquake damage loss mitigation’ may effectively ‘reduce losses’ and ‘assist recovery’ efforts in the future. Accurate data acquired, geological and geophysical research and immediate ‘technological information transfer’ to ‘national key decision-makers’ was to reduce Pacific Northwest Cascadia Fault subduction zone additional risks to those of the Western North America coastal region.

Damage, injuries, and loss of life from the next great earthquake from the Cascadia Fault subduction zone will indeed be ‘great’, ‘widespread’ and ‘significantly ‘impact national economies’ ( Canada and United States ) for years to decades in the future, which has seen a global concerted increase, in:

– International Cooperative Research; – International Information Exchanges; – International Disaster Prepardeness; – International Damage Loss Mitigation Planning; – International Technology Applications; and, – More.

Tectonics Observatory

CALTECH Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis ( ARIA ) Project collaborative members of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), University of California Institute of Technology ( Pasadena ) Tectonics Observatory ARIA Project members, CALTECH scientists, Shengji Wei and Anthony Sladen ( of GEOAZUR ) modelled the Japan Tohoku earthquake fault zone sub-surface ( below surface ) ‘tectonic plate movement’, dervived from:

– TeleSeismic Body Waves ( long-distance observations ); and,

– Global Positioning Satellites ( GPS ) ( near-source observations ).

A 3D image of the fault moving, can be viewed in Google Earth ( internet website webpage link to that KML file is found in the “References” at the bottom of this report ) projects that fault rupture in three dimensional images, which can be viewed from any point of reference, with ‘that analysis’ depicting the rupture ( ground splitting open 100-feet ) resulting in the earthquake ( itself ) ‘triggered from 15-miles ( 24-kilometers ) beneath the ultra-deep sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, with the ‘entire island of Japan being moved east’ by 16-feet ( 5 meters ) from its ‘before earthquake location’.

[ IMAGE ( above ): NASA JPL Project ARIA Tectonic Plate Seismic Wave Direction Map ( click image to enlarge and read ) ]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) at the University of California ( Pasadena ) Institute of Technology ( also known as ) CALTECH Project Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis ( ARIA ) used GEONET RINEX data with JPL GIPSY-OASIS software to obtain kinematic “precise point positioning solutions” from a bias fixing method of a ‘single station’ matched-up to JPL orbit and clock products to produce their seismic displacement projection map details that have an inherent ’95% error-rating’ that is even an ‘estimate’, which ‘proves’ these U.S. government organization claims that ‘all they supposedly know’ ( after spending billions of dollars ) are what they are ‘only willing to publicly provide may be ‘only 5% accurate’. So much for what these U.S. government organizations ‘publicly announce’ as their “precise point positioning solutions.”

Pay Any Price?

More ‘double-speak’ and ‘psycho-babble’ serves to ‘only distract the public away from the ‘truth’ as to ‘precisely what’ U.S. taxpayer dollars are ‘actually producing’, and ‘now knowing this’ if ‘those same officials’ ever ‘worked for a small business’ they would either be ‘arrested’ for ‘fraud’ or ‘fired’ because of ‘incompetence’, however since ‘none of them’ will ever ‘admit to their own incometence’ their ‘leadership’ needs to see ‘those responsible’ virtually ‘swing from’ the end of an ‘incredibly long U.S. Department of Justice rope’.

Unfortunately, the facts surrounding all this only get worse.

[ IMAGE ( above ): Tectonic Plates ( brown color ) Sinking and Sunk On Earth Core. ]

Earthquake Prediction Falacy

Earthquake prediction will ‘never be an accomplished finite science for people to ever rely upon’, even though huge amounts of money are being wasted on ‘technology’ for ‘detection sensors’ reading “Seismic Waveforms” ( also known as ) “S Waves” that ‘can be detected and stored in computer databases’, because of a significant fact that will never be learned no matter how much money or time may be devoted to trying to solve the unsolvable problem of the Earth’s sub-crustal regions that consist primarily of ‘molten lake regions’ filled with ‘floating tectonic plates’ that are ‘moving while sinking’ that ‘cannot be tested’ for ‘rock density’ or ‘accumulated pressures’ existing ‘far beneath’ the ‘land surface tectonic plates’.

The very best, and all, that technology can ever perform for the public is to record ‘surface tectonic plates grinding aganist one another’ where ‘only that action’ ( alone ) does in-fact emit the generation of upward ‘accoustic wave form patterns’ named as being ‘seismic waves’ or ‘s-waves’ that ‘do occur’ but ‘only when tectonic plates are moving’.

While a ‘public early warning’ might be helpful for curtailing ‘vehicular traffic’ crossing an ‘interstate bridge’ that might collapse or ‘train traffic’ travel being stopped, thousands of people’s lives could be saved but it would fail to serve millions more living in buildings that collapse.

Early Warning Exclusivity

Knowing governments, using publicly unfamiliar terms, have ‘statisticly analyzed’ “international economics” related to “national infrastructure preparedness” ( ‘early warning systems’ ) – both “public” ( i.e. ‘utility companies’ via ‘government’ with ‘industrial leadership’ meetings ) and “private” ( i.e. ‘residents’ via ‘television’, ‘radio’, ‘newspaper’ and ‘internet’ only ‘commercial advertisements’ ) between which two ( 2 ) sees “national disaster mitigation” ‘primary designated provisions’ for “high density population centers” near “coastal or low-lying regions” ( ‘large bodies of ocean, lake and river water’ ) “early warning” but for only one ( 1 ) being “public” ( i.e. ‘utility companies’ via ‘government’ with ‘industrial leadership’ meetings ) “in the interest of national security” limiting ‘national economic burdens’ from any significant Earth Event impact ‘aftermath’.

In short, and without all the governmentese ‘psycho-babble’ and double-speak’, costs continue being spent on ‘high technology’ efforts to ‘perfect’ a “seismic early warning” for the “exclusive use” ( ‘national government control’ ) that “provides” ( ‘control over’ ) “all major utility company distribution points” ( facilities from where ‘electrical power is only generated’ ) able to “interrupt power” ( ‘stop the flow of electricity nationwide’ from ‘distribution stations’ ), thus “saving additional lives” from “disasterous other problems” ( ‘aftermath loss of lives and injuries’ caused by ‘nuclear fallout radiation’, ‘exploding electrical transformers’, and ‘fires associated with overloaded electrical circuits’ ).

Logically, ‘much’ – but ‘not all’ – of the aforementioned ‘makes perfect sense’, except for “John Doe” or “Jane Doe” ‘exemplified anonomously’ ( herein ) as individuals whom if ‘earlier warned’ could have ‘stopped their vehicle ‘before crossing the bridge that collapsed’ or simply ‘stepped out of the way of a huge sign falling on them’ being ‘killed’ or ‘maimed’, however one might additionally consider ‘how many more would ‘otherwise be killed or maimed’ after an ‘ensuing mass public mob panics’ by ‘receiving’ an “early warning.” Tough call for many, but few.

Earth Data Publicly Minimized

Tohoku-oki earthquake ‘seismic wave form data’ showing the Japan eastcoast tectonic plate “bilaterally ruptured” ( split in-half for a distance of over 310-miles ) was obtained from the USArray seismic stations ( United States ) was analyzed and later modelled by Caltech scientists Lingsen Meng and Jean-Paul Ampuero whom created preliminary data animation demonstrating a ‘super major’ Earth Event simultaneously occurring when the ‘major’ earthquake struck Japan.

U.S. National Security Stations Technology Systems Projects

United States Seismic Array ( USArray ) Data Management Plan Earthscope is composed of three ( 3 ) Projects:

1. Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology ( IRIS ), a National Science Foundation ( NSF ) consortium of universities, Data Management Center ( DMC ) is ‘managed’ by the “United States Seismic Array ( USArray )” Project;

2. UNAVCO INC. ‘implemented’ “Plate-Boundary Observatory ( PBO )” Project; and,

3. U.S. Geological Service ( USGS ) ‘operated’ “San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth ( SAFOD )” Project at Stanford University ( California ).

Simultaneous Earth Data Management

USArray component “Earthscope” data management plan is held by USArray IRIS DMC.

USArray consists of four ( 4 ) data generating components:

Permanent Network

Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) is a joint effort – between IRIS, USArray and USGS – to establish a ‘Permanent Network’ of approximately one-hundred ( 100 ) Earth monitoring ‘receiving stations’ ( alone ) located in the Continental United States ( CONUS ) or lowere 48 states of America, in-addition to ‘other stations’ located in the State of Alaska ( alone ).

Earth Data Multiple Other Monitors

USArray data contribution to the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) consists, of:

Nine ( 9 ) new ‘international Earth data accumulation receiving stations’ akin to the Global Seismic Network ( GSN );

Four ( 4 ) “cooperative other stations” from “Southern Methodist University” and “AFTAC”;

Twenty-six ( 26 ) ‘other receiving stations’ from the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) with ‘upgrade funding’ taken out-of the USArray Project “EarthScope;” plus,

Sixty ( 60 ) additional stations of the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) network that ‘currently exist’, ‘will be installed’ or ‘will be upgraded so that ‘data channel stream feeds’ can and ‘will be made seamlessly available’ through IRIS DMC where ‘data can be continuously recorded’ at forty ( 40 ) samples per second and where 1 sample per second can and ‘will be continously transmitted in real-time back into IRIS DMC where quality assurance is held at facilities located in ‘both’ Albuquerque, New Mexico and Golden, Colorado with ‘some’ U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) handling ‘some operational responsiblities’ thereof.

Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory ( ASL ) –

Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory ( ASL ) supports operation and maintenance of seismic networks for the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) portion of the Global Seismographic Network ( GSN ) and Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) Backbone network.

ASL runs the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) depot facility supporting the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) networks.

ASL also maintains the PASSCAL Instrument Center ( PIC ) facility at the University of New Mexico Tech ( Socorro, New Mexico ) developing, testing, and evaluating seismology monitoring and recording equipment.

Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory ( ASL ) staff are based in ‘both’ Albuquerque, New Mexico and Golden, Colorado.

Top-Down Bottom-Up Data Building Slows Earthquake Notifications

Seismic waveform ( ‘seismic Wave form frequency’ ) data is received by the Global Seismic Network ( GSN ) and Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) network by electronic transmissions sent ‘slower than real-time’ by sending only ‘near-time data’ ( e.g. tape and compact disc recordings ) to the National Earthquake Information Center ( NEIC ) ‘station’ of the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) ‘officially heralded’ for so-called “rapid earthquake response,”

Unbelieveably is the fact that in-addition to the aforementioned ‘slow Earth Event data delivery process’, an additional number of ‘data receiving stations’ have absolutely ‘no data streaming telemetry’ transmission capabilities whatsoever so, those station data recordings – on ‘tapes’ and ‘compact discs’ – are delivered by ‘other even more time consuming routes’ before that data can even reach the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ). In short, all the huge amounts of money being spent goes to ‘increasing computer technologies, sensors, satellites, ‘data stream channel networks’ and ‘secure facility building stations’ from the ‘top, down’ instead of building ‘monitoring stations’ and ‘recording stations’ from the ‘bottom, up’ until the entire earthquake monitoring and notification system is finally built properly. As it curreently stands, the ‘apple cart stations continue being built more and more’ while ‘apple tree stations are not receiving the proper technological nutrients’ to ‘delivery apples ( ‘data’ ) and ‘fed into notification markets’ ( ‘public’ ) where all this could do some good.

U.S. National Security Reviews Delay Already Slow Earthquake Notifications

IRIS Data Management Center ( DMC ) – after processing all incoming data streams from reporting stations around the world – then distributes seismic waveform data ‘back to’ both the Global Seismic Network ( GSN ) and Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) network operations, but only ‘after seismic waveform data has been ‘thoroughly screened’ by what U.S. national security government Project leadership has deemed its ‘need to control all data’ by “limiting requirements” ( ‘red tape’ ) because ‘all data must undergo’ a long ardous ‘secure data clearing process’ before any data can be released’. Amusingly to some, the U.S. government – in its race to create another ‘official acronym’ of ‘double-speak’ – that national security requirement clearing process’ was ever so aptly named:

“Quality Assurance Framework” ( QUACK )

Enough said.

Let the public decide what to do with ‘those irresponsible officials’, afterall ‘only mass public lives’ are ‘swinging in the breeze’ at the very end-of a now-currently endless ‘dissinformation service rope’ being paid for by the tax-paying public.

In the meantime, while we are all ‘waiting for another Earth Event to take place far beyond, what ( besides this report ) might ‘slap the official horse’, spurring it to move quickly?

How about us? What shhould we do? Perhaps, brushing-up on a little basic knowledge might help.

Inner Earth Deeper Structure Deep Focus Earthquakes Rays And Related Anomalies

There is no substitute for knowledge, seeing information technology ( IT ) at the focal point of many new discoveries aided by supercomputing, modelling and analytics, but common sense does pretty good.

The following information, although an incredibily brief overview on such a wide variety of information topics surrounding a great deal of the in’s and out’s surrounding planet Earth, scratches more than just the surface but deep structure and deep focus impacting a multitude of generations from as far back as 700 years before the birth of Christ ( B.C. ).

Clearly referenced “Encyclopaedia Britannica” general public access information is all second-hand observations of records from other worldwide information collection sources, such as:

– Archives ( e.g. governments, institutions, public and private );

– Symposiums ( e.g. white papers );

– Journals ( professional and technical publications );

– Other information collection sources; and,

– Other information publications.

Encyclopaedias, available in a wide variety of styles and formats, are ’portable catalogs containing a large amount of basic information on a wide variety of topics’ available worldwide to billions of people for increasing their knowledge.

Encyclopedia information formats vary, and through ’volume reading’, within:

– Paper ‘books’ with either ’printed ink’ ( sighted ) or ’embossed dots’ ( Braille );

– Plastic ‘tape cartridges’ ( ‘electromagnetic’ media ) or ‘compact discs’ ( ‘optical’ media ) with ‘electronic device display’; or,

– Electron ‘internet’ ( ‘signal computing’ via ‘satellite’ or ‘telecomputing’ via ’landline’ or ‘node’ networking ) with ‘electronic device display’.

After thoroughly reviewing the Encyclopedia Britannica ‘specific compilation’, independent review found reasonable a facsimile of the original reformatted for easier public comprehension ( reproduced further below ).

Suprisingly, after that Encyclopedia Britannica ‘specific compilation’ information was reformatted for clearer reading comprehension, otherwise inner Earth ‘deep-structure’ geophysical studies formed an amazing correlation with additional factual activities within an equally amazing date chronology of man-made nuclear fracturing reformations of Earth geology geophysical – activities documented worldwide more than 1/2 century ago but somehow forgotten; either by chance or secret circumstance.

How could the Encyclopedia Britannica, or for that matter anyone else, missed something on such a grand scale that is now so obvious?

… [ TEMPORARILY EDITED-OUT FOR REVISION PURPOSES ONLY –  ] …

For more details, about the aforementioned, Click: Here!

Or,

To understand how all this relates, ‘begin with a better basic understanding’ by continuing to read the researched information ( below ):

====

Circa: March 21, 2012

Source:  Encyclopaedia Britannica

Earthquakes

Definition, Earthquake: Sudden shaking of Earth ground caused by passage of seismic waves through Earth rocks.

Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in the Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. Major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up the Earth’s crust. ( see table of major earthquakes further below )

By the early 20th Century ( 1900s ), little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology, involving scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, now yielding answers to long-standing questions as to why and how earthquakes occur.

About 50,000 earthquakes, large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments, occur every year over the entire Earth, and of these approximately one-hundred ( 100 ) are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near human habitation.

Very great earthquakes, occur on average about once a year, however over centuries these earthquakes have been responsible for millions of human life deaths and an incalculable amount of property damage.

Earthquakes A -Z

Earth’s major earthquakes occur primarily in belts coinciding with tectonic plate margins, apparent since early ( 700 B.C. ) experienced earthquake catalogs, and now more readily discernible by modern seismicity maps instrumentally depicting determined earthquake epicentres.

Most important, is the earthquake Circum-Pacific Belt affecting many populated coastal regions around the Pacific Ocean, namely:

South America;

– North America & Alaska;

Aleutian Islands;

Japan;

New Zealand; and,

New Guinea.

80% of the energy, estimated presently released in earthquakes, comes from those whose epicentres are in the Circum-Pacific Belt belt.

Seismic activity is by no means uniform throughout the belt, and there are a number of branches at various points. Because at many places the Circum-Pacific Belt is associated with volcanic activity, it has been popularly dubbed the “Pacific Ring of Fire.”

A second ( 2nd ) belt, known as the Alpide Belt, passes through the Mediterranean region eastward through Asia and joining the Circum-Pacific Belt in the East Indies where energy released in earthquakes from the Alpide Belt is about 15%of the world total.

There are also seismic activity ‘striking connected belts’, primarily along oceanic ridges including, those in the:

Arctic Ocean;

Atlantic Ocean;

Indian Ocean ( western ); and along,

East Africa rift valleys.

This global seismicity distribution is best understood in terms of its plate tectonic setting.

Forces

Earthquakes are caused by sudden releases of energy within a limited region of Earth rocks, and apparent pressure energy can be released, by:

Elastic strain;

– Gravity;

Chemical Reactions; and / or,

– Massive rock body motion.

Of all these, release of elastic rock strain is most important because this form of energy is the only kind that can be stored in sufficient quantities within the Earth to produce major ground disturbances.

Earthquakes, associated with this type of energy release, are called: Tectonic Earthquakes.

Tectonics

Tectonic plate earthquakes are explained by the so-called elastic rebound theory, formulated by the American geologist Harry Fielding Reid after the San Andreas Fault ruptured in 1906, generating the great San Francisco earthquake.

According to Reid theory of elastic rebound, a tectonic earthquake occurs when energy strains in rock masses have accumulated ( built-up ) to a point where resulting stresses exceed the strength of the rocks where then sudden fracturing results.

Fractures propagate ( travel ) rapidly ( see speeds further below ) through the rock, usually tending in the same direction and sometimes extending many kilometres along a local zone of weakness.

In 1906, for instance, the San Andreas Fault slipped along a plane 270-miles ( 430 kilometers) long, a line alongwhich ground was displaced horizontally as much as 20-feet ( 6 meters ).

As a fault rupture progresses along or up the fault, rock masses are flung in opposite directions, and thus spring back to a position where there is less strain.

At any one point this movement may take place not at-once but rather in irregular steps where these sudden slowings and restartings give rise to vibrations that propagate as seismic waves.

Such irregular properties of fault rupture are now included in ‘physical modeling” and ‘mathematical modeling’ earthquake sources.

Earthquake Focus ( Foci )

Roughnesses along the fault are referred to as asperities, and places where the rupture slows or stops are said to be fault barriers. Fault rupture starts at the earthquake focus ( foci ), a spot that ( in many cases ) is close to being from 5 kilometers to 15 kilometers ‘under the surface where the rupture propagates ( travels )’ in one ( 1 ) or both directions over the fault plane until stopped ( or slowed ) at a barrier ( boundary ).

Sometimes, instead of being stopped at the barrier, the fault rupture recommences on the far side; at other times the stresses in the rocks break the barrier, and the rupture continues.

Earthquakes have different properties depending on the type of fault slip that causes them.

The usual ‘fault model’ has a “strike” ( i.e., direction, from north, taken by a horizontal line in the fault plane ) and a “dip” ( i.e. angle from the horizontal shown by the steepest slope in the fault ).

Movement parallel to the dip is called dip-slip faulting.

In dip-slip faults, if the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block, it is called “normal” faulting; the opposite motion, with the hanging wall moving upward relative to the footwall, produces reverse or thrust faulting. The lower wall ( of an inclined fault ) is the ‘footwall’, and laying over the footwall is the hanging wall.

When rock masses slip past each other ( parallel to the strike area ) movement is known as strike-slip faulting.

Strike-slip faults are right lateral or left lateral, depending on whether the block on the opposite side of the fault from an observer has moved to the right or left.

All known faults are assumed to have been the seat of one or more earthquakes in the past, though tectonic movements along faults are often slow, and most geologically ancient faults are now a-seismic ( i.e., they no longer cause earthquakes ).

Actual faulting, associated with an earthquake, may be complex and often unclear whether in one ( 1 ) particular earthquake, where total energy, is being issued from a single ( 1 ) fault plane.

Observed geologic faults sometimes show relative displacements on the order of hundreds of kilometres over geologic time, whereas the sudden slip offsets that produce seismic waves may range from only several centimetres to tens of metres.

During the 1976 Tangshan earthquake ( for example ), a surface strike-slip of about 1 meter was observed along the causative fault east of Beijing, China, and later ( as another example ) during the 1999 Taiwan earthquake the Chelung-pu fault slipped vertically up to 8 meters.

Volcanism & Earthquake Movement

A separate type of earthquake is associated with volcano activity known as a volcanic earthquake.

Although likely, even in such cases, disturbance is officially believed resultant from sudden slip of rock masses adjacent a volcano being consequential release of elastic rock strain energy, however stored energy may be partially of hydrodynamic origin due heat provided by magma flowing movements ( tidal ) throughout underground reservoirs beneath volcanoes or releasing under pressure gas, but then there certainly is a clear corresponding distinction between geographic distribution of volcanoes and major earthquakes particularly within the Circum-Pacific Belt traversing ocean ridges.

Volcano vents, however, are generally several hundred kilometres from epicentres of most ‘major shallow earthquakes’, and it is believed ’many earthquake sources’ occur ‘nowhere near active volcanoes’.

Even in cases where earthquake focus occurs where structures are marked ’directly below volcanic vents’, officially there is probably no immediate causal connection between the two ( 2 ) activities where likely both may be resultant on same tectonic processes.

Earth Fracturing

Artificially Created Inductions

Earthquakes are sometimes caused by human activities, including:

– Nuclear Explosion ( large megaton yield ) detonations underground;

– Oil & Gas wells ( deep Earth fluid injections )

– Mining ( deep Earth excavations );

– Reservoirs ( deep Earth voids filled with incredibly heavy large bodies of water ).

In the case of deep mining, the removal of rock produces changes in the strain around the tunnels.

Slip on adjacent, preexisting faults or outward shattering of rock into where new cavities may occur.

In fluid injection, the slip is thought to be induced by premature release of elastic rock strain, as in the case of tectonic earthquakes after fault surfaces are lubricated by the liquid.

Large underground nuclear explosions have been known to produce slip on already strained faults in the vicinity of test devices.

Reservoir Induction

Of the various earthquake causing activities cited above, the filling of large reservoirs ( see China ) being most prominent.

More than 20 significant cases have been documented in which local seismicity has increased following the impounding of water behind high dams. Often, causality cannot be substantiated, because no data exists to allow comparison of earthquake occurrence before and after the reservoir was filled.

Reservoir-induction effects are most marked for reservoirs exceeding 100 metres ( 330 feet ) in depth and 1 cubic km ( 0.24 cubic mile ) in volume. Three ( 3 ) sites where such connections have very probably occurred, are the:

Hoover Dam in the United States;

Aswan High Dam in Egypt; and.

Kariba Dam on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia in Africa.

The most generally accepted explanation for earthquake occurrence in such cases assumes that rocks near the reservoir are already strained from regional tectonic forces to a point where nearby faults are almost ready to slip. Water in the reservoir adds a pressure perturbation that triggers the fault rupture. The pressure effect is perhaps enhanced by the fact that the rocks along the fault have lower strength because of increased water-pore pressure. These factors notwithstanding, the filling of most large reservoirs has not produced earthquakes large enough to be a hazard.

Specific seismic source mechanisms associated with reservoir induction have been established in a few cases. For the main shock at the Koyna Dam and Reservoir in India ( 1967 ), the evidence favours strike-slip faulting motion. At both the Kremasta Dam in Greece ( 1965 ) and the Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe-Zambia ( 1961 ), the generating mechanism was dip-slip on normal faults.

By contrast, thrust mechanisms have been determined for sources of earthquakes at the lake behind Nurek Dam in Tajikistan. More than 1,800 earthquakes occurred during the first 9-years after water was impounded in this 317 meter deep reservoir in 1972, a rate amounting to four ( 4 ) times the average number of shocks in the region prior to filling.

Nuclear Explosion Measurement Seismology Instruments

By 1958 representatives from several countries, including the United States and the Russia Soviet Union government, met to discuss the technical basis for a nuclear test-ban treaty where amongst matters considered was feasibility of developing effective means to detect underground nuclear explosions and to distinguish them seismically from earthquakes.

After that conference, much special research was directed to seismology, leading to major advances in seismic signal detection and analysis.

Recent seismological work on treaty verification has involved using high-resolution seismographs in a worldwide network, estimating the yield of explosions, studying wave attenuation in the Earth, determining wave amplitude and frequency spectra discriminants, and applying seismic arrays. The findings of such research have shown that underground nuclear explosions, compared with natural earthquakes, usually generate seismic waves through the body of the Earth that are of much larger amplitude than the surface waves. This telltale difference along with other types of seismic evidence suggest that an international monitoring network of two-hundred and seventy ( 270 ) seismographic stations could detect and locate all seismic events over the globe of magnitude 4.0 and above ( corresponding to an explosive yield of about 100 tons of TNT ).

Earthquake Effects

Earthquakes have varied effects, including changes in geologic features, damage to man-made structures, and impact on human and animal life. Most of these effects occur on solid ground, but, since most earthquake foci are actually located under the ocean bottom, severe effects are often observed along the margins of oceans.

Surface Phenomena

Earthquakes often cause dramatic geomorphological changes, including ground movements – either vertical or horizontal – along geologic fault traces; rising, dropping, and tilting of the ground surface; changes in the flow of groundwater; liquefaction of sandy ground; landslides; and mudflows. The investigation of topographic changes is aided by geodetic measurements, which are made systematically in a number of countries seriously affected by earthquakes.

Earthquakes can do significant damage to buildings, bridges, pipelines, railways, embankments, and other structures. The type and extent of damage inflicted are related to the strength of the ground motions and to the behaviour of the foundation soils. In the most intensely damaged region, called the meizoseismal area, the effects of a severe earthquake are usually complicated and depend on the topography and the nature of the surface materials. They are often more severe on soft alluvium and unconsolidated sediments than on hard rock. At distances of more than 100 km (60 miles) from the source, the main damage is caused by seismic waves traveling along the surface. In mines there is frequently little damage below depths of a few hundred metres even though the ground surface immediately above is considerably affected.

Earthquakes are frequently associated with reports of distinctive sounds and lights. The sounds are generally low-pitched and have been likened to the noise of an underground train passing through a station. The occurrence of such sounds is consistent with the passage of high-frequency seismic waves through the ground. Occasionally, luminous flashes, streamers, and bright balls have been reported in the night sky during earthquakes. These lights have been attributed to electric induction in the air along the earthquake source.

Tsunamis

Following certain earthquakes, very long-wavelength water waves in oceans or seas sweep inshore. More properly called seismic sea waves or tsunamis ( tsunami is a Japanese word for “harbour wave” ), they are commonly referred to as tidal waves, although the attractions of the Moon and Sun play no role in their formation. They sometimes come ashore to great heights—tens of metres above mean tide level—and may be extremely destructive.

The usual immediate cause of a tsunami is sudden displacement in a seabed sufficient to cause the sudden raising or lowering of a large body of water. This deformation may be the fault source of an earthquake, or it may be a submarine landslide arising from an earthquake.

Large volcanic eruptions along shorelines, such as those of Thera (c. 1580 bc) and Krakatoa (ad 1883), have also produced notable tsunamis. The most destructive tsunami ever recorded occurred on December 26, 2004, after an earthquake displaced the seabed off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. More than 200,000 people were killed by a series of waves that flooded coasts from Indonesia to Sri Lanka and even washed ashore on the Horn of Africa.

Following the initial disturbance to the sea surface, water waves spread in all directions. Their speed of travel in deep water is given by the formula (√gh), where h is the sea depth and g is the acceleration of gravity.

This speed may be considerable—100 metres per second ( 225 miles per hour ) when h is 1,000 metres ( 3,300 feet ). However, the amplitude ( i.e., the height of disturbance ) at the water surface does not exceed a few metres in deep water, and the principal wavelength may be on the order of hundreds of kilometres; correspondingly, the principal wave period—that is, the time interval between arrival of successive crests—may be on the order of tens of minutes. Because of these features, tsunami waves are not noticed by ships far out at sea.

When tsunamis approach shallow water, however, the wave amplitude increases. The waves may occasionally reach a height of 20 to 30 metres above mean sea level in U- and V-shaped harbours and inlets. They characteristically do a great deal of damage in low-lying ground around such inlets. Frequently, the wave front in the inlet is nearly vertical, as in a tidal bore, and the speed of onrush may be on the order of 10 metres per second. In some cases there are several great waves separated by intervals of several minutes or more. The first of these waves is often preceded by an extraordinary recession of water from the shore, which may commence several minutes or even half an hour beforehand.

Organizations, notably inJapan,Siberia,Alaska, andHawaii, have been set up to provide tsunami warnings. A key development is the Seismic Sea Wave Warning System, an internationally supported system designed to reduce loss of life in thePacific Ocean. Centred inHonolulu, it issues alerts based on reports of earthquakes from circum-Pacific seismographic stations.

Seiches

Seiches are rhythmic motions of water in nearly landlocked bays or lakes that are sometimes induced by earthquakes and tsunamis. Oscillations of this sort may last for hours or even for 1-day or 2-days.

The great Lisbon earthquake of 1755 caused the waters of canals and lakes in regions as far away as Scotland and Sweden to go into observable oscillations. Seiche surges in lakes in Texas, in the southwestern United States, commenced between 30 and 40 minutes after the 1964 Alaska earthquake, produced by seismic surface waves passing through the area.

A related effect is the result of seismic waves from an earthquake passing through the seawater following their refraction through the seafloor. The speed of these waves is about 1.5 km (0.9 mile) per second, the speed of sound in water. If such waves meet a ship with sufficient intensity, they give the impression that the ship has struck a submerged object. This phenomenon is called a seaquake.

Earthquake Intensity and Magnitude Scales

The violence of seismic shaking varies considerably over a single affected area. Because the entire range of observed effects is not capable of simple quantitative definition, the strength of the shaking is commonly estimated by reference to intensity scales that describe the effects in qualitative terms. Intensity scales date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before seismographs capable of accurate measurement of ground motion were developed. Since that time, the divisions in these scales have been associated with measurable accelerations of the local ground shaking. Intensity depends, however, in a complicated way not only on ground accelerations but also on the periods and other features of seismic waves, the distance of the measuring point from the source, and the local geologic structure. Furthermore, earthquake intensity, or strength, is distinct from earthquake magnitude, which is a measure of the amplitude, or size, of seismic waves as specified by a seismograph reading ( see below Earthquake magnitude )

A number of different intensity scales have been set up during the past century and applied to both current and ancient destructive earthquakes. For many years the most widely used was a 10-point scale devised in 1878 by Michele Stefano de Rossi and Franƈois-Alphonse Forel. The scale now generally employed in North America is the Mercalli scale, as modified by Harry O. Wood and Frank Neumann in 1931, in which intensity is considered to be more suitably graded.

A 12-point abridged form of the modified Mercalli scale is provided below. Modified Mercalli intensity VIII is roughly correlated with peak accelerations of about one-quarter that of gravity ( g = 9.8 metres, or 32.2 feet, per second squared ) and ground velocities of 20 cm (8 inches) per second. Alternative scales have been developed in bothJapan andEurope for local conditions.

The European ( MSK ) scale of 12 grades is similar to the abridged version of the Mercalli.

Modified Mercalli scale of earthquake intensity

  I. Not felt. Marginal and long-period effects of large earthquakes.

  II. Felt by persons at rest, on upper floors, or otherwise favourably placed to sense tremors.

  III. Felt indoors. Hanging objects swing. Vibrations are similar to those caused by the passing of light trucks. Duration can be estimated.

  IV. Vibrations are similar to those caused by the passing of heavy trucks (or a jolt similar to that caused by a heavy ball striking the walls). Standing automobiles rock. Windows, dishes, doors rattle. Glasses clink, crockery clashes. In the upper range of grade IV, wooden walls and frames creak.

  V. Felt outdoors; direction may be estimated. Sleepers awaken. Liquids are disturbed, some spilled. Small objects are displaced or upset. Doors swing, open, close. Pendulum clocks stop, start, change rate.

  VI. Felt by all; many are frightened and run outdoors. Persons walk unsteadily. Pictures fall off walls. Furniture moves or overturns. Weak plaster and masonry cracks. Small bells ring (church, school). Trees, bushes shake.

  VII. Difficult to stand. Noticed by drivers of automobiles. Hanging objects quivering. Furniture broken. Damage to weak masonry. Weak chimneys broken at roof line. Fall of plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles, cornices. Waves on ponds; water turbid with mud. Small slides and caving along sand or gravel banks. Large bells ringing. Concrete irrigation ditches damaged.

  VIII. Steering of automobiles affected. Damage to masonry; partial collapse. Some damage to reinforced masonry; none to reinforced masonry designed to resist lateral forces. Fall of stucco and some masonry walls. Twisting, fall of chimneys, factory stacks, monuments, towers, elevated tanks. Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down; loose panel walls thrown out. Decayed pilings broken off. Branches broken from trees. Changes in flow or temperature of springs and wells. Cracks in wet ground and on steep slopes.

  IX. General panic. Weak masonry destroyed; ordinary masonry heavily damaged, sometimes with complete collapse; reinforced masonry seriously damaged. Serious damage to reservoirs. Underground pipes broken. Conspicuous cracks in ground. In alluvial areas, sand and mud ejected; earthquake fountains, sand craters.

  X. Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Some well-built wooden structures and bridges destroyed. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Large landslides. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, and so on. Sand and mud shifted horizontally on beaches and flat land. Railway rails bent slightly.

  XI. Rails bent greatly. Underground pipelines completely out of service.

  XII. Damage nearly total. Large rock masses displaced. Lines of sight and level distorted. Objects thrown into air.

With the use of an intensity scale, it is possible to summarize such data for an earthquake by constructing isoseismal curves, which are lines that connect points of equal intensity. If there were complete symmetry about the vertical through the earthquake’s focus, isoseismals would be circles with the epicentre (the point at the surface of the Earth immediately above where the earthquake originated) as the centre. However, because of the many unsymmetrical geologic factors influencing intensity, the curves are often far from circular. The most probable position of the epicentre is often assumed to be at a point inside the area of highest intensity. In some cases, instrumental data verify this calculation, but not infrequently the true epicentre lies outside the area of greatest intensity.

Earthquake Magnitude

Earthquake magnitude is a measure of the “size” or amplitude of the seismic waves generated by an earthquake source and recorded by seismographs.

Types and nature of these waves are described in Seismic waves ( further below ).

Because the size of earthquakes varies enormously, it is necessary for purposes of comparison to compress the range of wave amplitudes measured on seismograms by means of a mathematical device.

In 1935, American seismologist Charles F. Richter set up a magnitude scale of earthquakes as the logarithm to base 10 of the maximum seismic wave amplitude ( in thousandths of a millimetre ) recorded on a standard seismograph ( the Wood-Anderson torsion pendulum seismograph ) at a distance of 60-miles ( 100 kilometers ) from the earthquake epicentre.

Reduction of amplitudes observed at various distances to the amplitudes expected at the standard distance of 100 kilometers ( 50-miles ) is made on the basis of empirical tables.

Richter magnitudes ML are computed on the assumption the ratio of the maximum wave amplitudes at two ( 2 ) given distances is the same for all earthquakes and is independent of azimuth.

Richter first applied his magnitude scale to shallow-focus earthquakes recorded within 600 km of the epicentre in the southern California region. Later, additional empirical tables were set up, whereby observations made at distant stations and on seismographs other than the standard type could be used. Empirical tables were extended to cover earthquakes of all significant focal depths and to enable independent magnitude estimates to be made from body- and surface-wave observations.

A current form of the Richter scale is shown in the table.

Richter scale of earthquake magnitude

magnitude level

category

effects

earthquakes per year

less than 1.0 to 2.9

micro

generally not felt by people, though recorded on local instruments

more than 100,000

3.0-3.9

minor

felt by many people; no damage

12,000-100,000

4.0-4.9

light

felt by all; minor breakage of objects

2,000-12,000

5.0-5.9

moderate

some damage to weak structures

200-2,000

6.0-6.9

strong

moderate damage in populated areas

20-200

7.0-7.9

major

serious damage over large areas; loss of life

3-20

8.0 and higher

great

severe destruction and loss of life over large areas

fewer than 3

At the present time a number of different magnitude scales are used by scientists and engineers as a measure of the relative size of an earthquake. The P-wave magnitude (Mb), for one, is defined in terms of the amplitude of the P wave recorded on a standard seismograph. Similarly, the surface-wave magnitude (Ms) is defined in terms of the logarithm of the maximum amplitude of ground motion for surface waves with a wave period of 20 seconds.

As defined, an earthquake magnitude scale has no lower or upper limit. Sensitive seismographs can record earthquakes with magnitudes of negative value and have ‘recorded magnitudes up to’ about ‘9.0’ ( 1906 San Francisco earthquake, for example, had a Richter magnitude of 8.25 ).

A scientific weakness is that there is no direct mechanical basis for magnitude as defined above. Rather, it is an empirical parameter analogous to stellar magnitude assessed by astronomers. In modern practice a more soundly based mechanical measure of earthquake size is used—namely, the seismic moment (M0). Such a parameter is related to the angular leverage of the forces that produce the slip on the causative fault. It can be calculated both from recorded seismic waves and from field measurements of the size of the fault rupture. Consequently, seismic moment provides a more uniform scale of earthquake size based on classical mechanics. This measure allows a more scientific magnitude to be used called moment magnitude (Mw). It is proportional to the logarithm of the seismic moment; values do not differ greatly from Ms values for moderate earthquakes. Given the above definitions, the great Alaska earthquake of 1964, with a Richter magnitude (ML) of 8.3, also had the values Ms = 8.4, M0 = 820 × 1027 dyne centimetres, and Mw = 9.2

Earthquake Energy

Energy in an earthquake passing a particular surface site can be calculated directly from the recordings of seismic ground motion, given, for example, as ground velocity. Such recordings indicate an energy rate of 105 watts per square metre (9,300 watts per square foot) near a moderate-size earthquake source. The total power output of a rupturing fault in a shallow earthquake is on the order of 1014 watts, compared with the 105 watts generated in rocket motors.

The surface-wave magnitude Ms has also been connected with the surface energy Es of an earthquake by empirical formulas. These give Es = 6.3 × 1011 and 1.4 × 1025 ergs for earthquakes of Ms = 0 and 8.9, respectively. A unit increase in Ms corresponds to approximately a 32-fold increase in energy. Negative magnitudes Ms correspond to the smallest instrumentally recorded earthquakes, a magnitude of 1.5 to the smallest felt earthquakes, and one of 3.0 to any shock felt at a distance of up to 20 km ( 12 miles ). Earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 cause light damage near the epicentre; those of 6.0 are destructive over a restricted area; and those of 7.5 are at the lower limit of major earthquakes.

The total annual energy released in all earthquakes is about 1025 ergs, corresponding to a rate of work between 10,000,000 million and 100,000,000 million kilowatts. This is approximately one ( 1 ) 1,000th the ‘annual amount of heat escaping from the Earth interior’.

90% of the total seismic energy comes from earthquakes of ‘magnitude 7.0 and higher’ – that is, those whose energy is on the order of 1023 ergs or more.

Frequency

There also are empirical relations for the frequencies of earthquakes of various magnitudes. Suppose N to be the average number of shocks per year for which the magnitude lies in a range about Ms. Then log10 N = abMs fits the data well both globally and for particular regions; for example, for shallow earthquakes worldwide, a = 6.7 and b = 0.9 when Ms > 6.0. The frequency for larger earthquakes therefore increases by a factor of about 10 when the magnitude is diminished by one unit. The increase in frequency with reduction in Ms falls short, however, of matching the decrease in the energy E. Thus, larger earthquakes are overwhelmingly responsible for most of the total seismic energy release. The number of earthquakes per year with Mb > 4.0 reaches 50,000.

Earthquake Occurrences & Plate Tectonic associations

Global seismicity patterns had no strong theoretical explanation until the dynamic model called plate tectonics was developed during the late 1960s. This theory holds that the Earth’s upper shell, or lithosphere, consists of nearly a dozen large, quasi-stable slabs called plates. The thickness of each of these plates is roughly 50-miles ( 80 km ). Plates move horizontally relative to neighbouring plates at a rate of 0.4 to 4 inches ( 1-cm to 10-cm ) per year over a shell of lesser strength called the asthenosphere. At the plate edges where there is contact between adjoining plates, boundary tectonic forces operate on the rocks, causing physical and chemical changes in them. New lithosphere is created at oceanic ridges by the upwelling and cooling of magma from the Earth’s mantle. The horizontally moving plates are believed to be absorbed at the ocean trenches, where a subduction process carries the lithosphere downward into the Earth’s interior. The total amount of lithospheric material destroyed at these subduction zones equals that generated at the ridges. Seismological evidence ( e.g. location of major earthquake belts ) is everywhere in agreement with this tectonic model.

Earthquake Types:

– Shallow Earthquakes;

– Intermediate Earthquakes;

– Deep Focus ( Deep-Foci ) Earthquakes; and

– Deeper Focus ( Deeper-Foci ) Earthquakes.

Earthquake sources, are concentrated along oceanic ridges, corresponding to divergent plate boundaries.

At subduction zones, associated with convergent plate boundaries, deep-focus earthquakes and intermediate focus earthquakes mark locations of the upper part of a dipping lithosphere slab.

Focal ( Foci ) mechanisms indicate stresses aligned with dip of the lithosphere underneath the adjacent continent or island arc.

IntraPlate Seismic Event Anomalies

Some earthquakes associated with oceanic ridges are confined to strike-slip faults, called transform faults offset ridge crests. The majority of earthquakes occurring along such horizontal shear faults are characterized by slip motions.

Also in agreement with plate tectonics theory is high seismicity encountered along edges of plates where they slide past each other. Plate boundaries of this kind, sometimes called fracture zones include, the:

San Andreas Fault system in California; and,

– North Anatolian fault system in Turkey.

Such plate boundaries are the site of interplate earthquakes of shallow focus.

Low seismicity within plates is consistent with plate tectonic description. Small to large earthquakes do occur in limited regions well within the boundaries of plates, however such ‘intraplate seismic events’ can be explained by tectonic mechanisms other than plate boundary motions and their associated phenomena.

Most parts of the world experience at least occasional shallow earthquakes – those that originate within 60 km ( 40 miles ) of the Earth’s outer surface. In fact, the great ‘majority of earthquake foci ( focus ) are shallow’. It should be noted, however, that the geographic distribution of smaller earthquakes is less completely determined than more severe quakes, partly because the ‘availability of relevant data dependent on distribution of observatories’.

Of the total energy released in earthquakes, 12% comes from intermediate earthquakes—that is, quakes with a focal depth ranging from about 60 to 300 km. About 3 percent of total energy comes from deeper earthquakes. The frequency of occurrence falls off rapidly with increasing focal depth in the intermediate range. Below intermediate depth the distribution is fairly uniform until the greatest focal depths, of about 700 km (430 miles), are approached.

Deeper-Focus Earthquakes

Deeper-focus earthquakes commonly occur in patterns called Benioff zones dipping into the Earth, indicating presence of a subducting slab where dip angles of these slabs average about 45° – with some shallower – and others nearly vertical.

Benioff zones coincide with tectonically active island arcs, such as:

– Aleutian islands;

– Japan islands;

– Vanuatu islands; and

– Tonga.

Island arcs are, normally ( but not always ) associated, with:

Ultra-Deep Sea Ocean Trenches, such as the:

South America ( Andes mountain system ).

Exceptions to this rule, include:

– Romania ( East Europe ) mountain system; and

Hindu Kush mountain system.

Most Benioff zones,  deep-earthquake foci and intermediate-earthquake foci are usually found within a narrow layer, however recent more precise hypocentral locations – in Japan and elsewhere – indicate two ( 2 ) distinct parallel bands of foci only 12 miles ( 20 kilometers ) apart.

Aftershocks, Swarms and Foreshocks

Major or even moderate earthquake of shallow focus is followed by many lesser-size earthquakes close to the original source region. This is to be expected if the fault rupture producing a major earthquake does not relieve all the accumulated strain energy at once. In fact, this dislocation is liable to cause an increase in the stress and strain at a number of places in the vicinity of the focal region, bringing crustal rocks at certain points close to the stress at which fracture occurs. In some cases an earthquake may be followed by 1,000 or more aftershocks a day.

Sometimes a large earthquake is followed by a similar one along the same fault source within an hour or perhaps a day. An extreme case of this is multiple earthquakes. In most instances, however, the first principal earthquake of a series is much more severe than the aftershocks. In general, the number of aftershocks per day decreases with time.

Aftershock frequency, is ( roughly ):

Inversely proportional to time since occurrence of largest earthquake in series.

Most major earthquakes occur without detectable warning, but some principal earthquakes are preceded by foreshocks.

Japan 2-Years of Hundreds of Thousands Of Earthquakes

In another common pattern, large numbers of small earthquakes may occur in a region for months without a major earthquake.

In the Matsushiro region of Japan, for instance, there occurred ( between August 1965 and August 1967 ) a ‘series of earthquakes’ numbering in the hundreds of thousands – some sufficiently strong ( up to Richter magnitude 5.0 ) causing property damage but no casualties.

Maximum frequency? 6,780 small earthquakes on just April 17, 1966.

Such series of earthquakes are called earthquake swarms.

Earthquakes, associated with volcanic activity often occur in swarms – though swarms also have been observed in many nonvolcanic regions.

Study of Earthquakes

Seismic waves

Principal types of seismic waves

Seismic Waves ( S Waves ), generated by an earthquake source, are commonly classified into three ( 3 ) ‘leading types’.

The first two ( 2 ) leading types, propagate ( travel ) within the body of the Earth, are known as:

P ( Primary ) Seismic Waves; and,

S ( Secondary ) Seismic Waves ( S / S Waves ).

The third ( 3rd ) leading types, propagate ( travel ) along surface of the Earth, are known as:

L ( Love ) Seismic Waves; and,

R ( Rayleigh ) Seismic Waves.

During the 19th Century, existence of these types of seismic waves were mathematically predicted, and modern comparisons show close correspondence between such ‘theoretical calculations‘ and ‘actual measurements’ of seismic waves.

P seismic waves travel as elastic motions at the highest speeds, and are longitudinal waves transmitted by both solid and liquid materials within inner Earth.

P waves ( particles of the medium) vibrate in a manner ‘similar to sound waves’ transmitting media ( alternately compressed and expanded ).

The slower type of body wave, the S wave, travels only through solid material. With S waves, the particle motion is transverse to the direction of travel and involves a shearing of the transmitting rock.

Focus ( Foci )

Because of their greater speed, P waves are the first ( 1st ) to reach any point on the Earth’s surface. The first ( 1st ) P-wave onset ‘starts from the spot where an earthquake originates’. This point, usually at some depth within the Earth, is called the focus (also known as ) hypocentre.

Epicenter

Point ‘at the surface’ ( immediately ‘above the Focus / Foci’ ) is known as the ‘epicenter’.

Love waves and Rayleigh waves, guided by the free surface of the Earth, trail after P and S waves have passed through the body of planet Earth.

Rayleigh waves ( R Waves ) and Love waves ( L Waves ) involve ‘horizontal particle motion’, however ‘only Rayleigh waves exhibit ‘vertical ground displacements’.

Rayleigh waves ( R waves ) and Love ( L waves ) travel ( propagate ) and disperse into long wave trains, when occurring away-from ‘alluvial basin sources’, at substantial distances cause much of the Earth surface ground shaking felt during earthquakes.

Seismic Wave Focus ( Foci ) Properties

At all distances from the focus ( foci ), mechanical properties of rocks, such as incompressibility, rigidity and density play roles, in:

– Speed of ‘wave travel’;

– Duration of ‘wave trains’; and,

– Shape of ‘wave trains’.

Layering of the rocks and the physical properties of surface soil also affect wave characteristics.

In most cases, ‘elastic behaviors occur in earthquakes, however strong shaking ( of surface soils from the incident seismic waves ) sometimes result in ‘nonelastic behavior’, including slumping ( i.e., downward and outward movement of unconsolidated material ) and liquefaction of sandy soil.

Seismic wave that encounters a boundary separating ‘rocks of different elastic properties’ undergo reflection and refraction where a special complication exists because conversion between wave types usually also occur at such a boundary where an incident P or S wave can yield reflected P and S waves and refracted P and S waves.

Between Earth structural layers, boundaries give rise to diffracted and scattered waves, and these additional waves are partially responsible for complications observed in ground motion during earthquakes.

Modern research is concerned with ‘computing, synthetic records of ground motion realistic comparisons with observed actual ground shaking’, using wave theory in complex structures.

Grave Duration Long-Periods, Audible Earthquake Frequencies, and Other Earth Anomalies

Frequency range of seismic waves is widely varied, from being ‘High Frequency’ ( HF ) as an ‘audible range’ ( i.e. greater than > 20 hertz ) to, as Low Frequency ( LF ) as subtle as ‘free oscillations of planet Earth’ – with grave Long-Periods being 54-minutes ( see below Long-Period oscillations of the globe ).

Seismic wave attenuations in rock imposes High-Frequency ( HF ) limits, and in small to moderate earthquakes the dominant frequencies extend in Surface Waves from about 1.0 Hz to 0.1 Hertz.

Seismic wave amplitude range is also great in most earthquakes.

Displacement of ground ranges, from: 10−10 to 10−1 metre ( 4−12 to 4-inches ).

Great Earthquake Speed

Great Earthquake Ground Speed Moves Faster Than 32-Feet Per Second, Squared ( 9.8 Metres Per Second, Squared ) –

In the greatest earthquakes, ground amplitude of predominant P waves may be several centimetres at periods of 2-seconds to 5-seconds, however very close to seismic sources of ‘great earthquakes’, investigators measured ‘large wave amplitudes’ with ‘accelerations of the ground exceeding ( speed of gravity ) 32.2 feet per second squared ( 9.8 meters per second, squared ) at High Frequencies ( HF ) and ground displacements of 1 metre at Low Frequencies ( LF ).

Seismic Wave Measurement

Seismographs and Accelerometers

Seismographs ‘measure ground motion’ in both ‘earthquakes’ and ‘microseisms’ ( small oscillations described below ).

Most of these instruments are of the pendulum type. Early mechanical seismographs had a pendulum of large mass ( up to several tons ) and produced seismograms by scratching a line on smoked paper on a rotating drum.

In later instruments, seismograms ( also known as seismometers ) recorded via ‘rays of light bounced off a mirror’ within a galvanometer using electric current from electromagnetic induction ‘when the pendulum of the seismograph moved’.

Technological developments in electronics have given rise to ‘higher-precision pendulum seismometers’ and ‘sensors of ground motion’.

In these instruments electric voltages produced by motions of the pendulum or the equivalent are passed through electronic circuitry to ‘amplify ground motion digitized for more exactness’ readings.

Seismometer Nomenclature Meanings

Seismographs are divided into three ( 3 ) types of instruments knowingly confused by the public because of their varied names, as:

– Short-Period;

– Intermediate-Period ( also known as Long-Period );

– Long-Period ( also known as Intermediate-Period );

– Ultra-Long-Period ( also known as Broadband or Broad-Band ); or,

– Broadband ( also known as Ultra Long-Period or UltraLong-Period ).

Short-Period instruments are used to record P and S body waves with high magnification of the ground motion. For this purpose, the seismograph response is shaped to peak at a period of about 1-second or less.

Intermediate-period instruments, the type used by the World-Wide Standardized Seismographic Network ( WWSSN ) – described in the section Earthquake observatories – had about a 20-second ( maximum ) response.

Recently, in order to provide as much flexibility as possible for research work, the trend has been toward the operation of ‘very broadband seismographs’ digitizing representation of signals. This is usually accomplished with ‘very long-period pendulums’ and ‘electronic amplifiers’ passing signals in the band between 0.005 Hz and 50 Hertz.

When seismic waves close to their source are to be recorded, special design criteria are needed. Instrument sensitivity must ensure that the largest ground movements can be recorded without exceeding the upper scale limit of the device. For most seismological and engineering purposes the wave frequencies that must be recorded are higher than 1 hertz, and so the pendulum or its equivalent can be small. For this reason accelerometers that measure the rate at which the ground velocity is changing have an advantage for strong-motion recording. Integration is then performed to estimate ground velocity and displacement. The ground accelerations to be registered range up to two times that of gravity. Recording such accelerations can be accomplished mechanically with short torsion suspensions or force-balance mass-spring systems.

Because many strong-motion instruments need to be placed at unattended sites in ordinary buildings for periods of months or years before a strong earthquake occurs, they usually record only when a trigger mechanism is actuated with the onset of ground motion. Solid-state memories are now used, particularly with digital recording instruments, making it possible to preserve the first few seconds before the trigger starts the permanent recording and to store digitized signals on magnetic cassette tape or on a memory chip. In past design absolute timing was not provided on strong-motion records but only accurate relative time marks; the present trend, however, is to provide Universal Time ( the local mean time of the prime meridian ) by means of special radio receivers, small crystal clocks, or GPS ( Global Positioning System ) receivers from satellite clocks.

Prediction of strong ground motion and response of engineered structures in earthquakes depends critically on measurements of the spatial variability of earthquake intensities near the seismic wave source. In an effort to secure such measurements, special arrays of strong-motion seismographs have been installed in areas of high seismicity around the world.

Large-aperture seismic arrays (linear dimensions on the order of about 1/2 mile ( 0.6 mile ) to about 6 miles ( 1 kilometer to 10 kilometers ) of strong-motion accelerometers now used to improve estimations of speed, direction of propagation and types of seismic wave components.

Particularly important for full understanding of seismic wave patterns at the ground surface is measurement of the variation of wave motion with depth where to aid in this effort special digitally recording seismometers have been ‘installed in deep boreholes’.

Ocean-Bottom Measurements

70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water so, ocean-bottom seismometers augment ( add to ) global land-based system of recording stations.

Field tests have established the feasibility of extensive long-term recording by instruments on the seafloor.

Japan has a ‘semi-permanent seismograph’ system of this type placed on the seafloor off the Pacific Ocean eastcoast of centralHonshu,Japan in 1978 by means of a ‘cable’.

Because of mechanical difficulties maintaining ‘permanent ocean-bottom instrumentation’, different systems have been considered.

They ‘all involve placement of instruments on the ocean bottom’, though they employ various mechanisms for data transmission.

Signals may be transmitted to the ocean surface for retransmission by auxiliary apparatus or transmitted via cable to a shore-based station. Another system is designed to release its recording device automatically, allowing it to float to the surface for later recovery.

Ocean bottom seismograph use should yield much-improved global coverage of seismic waves and provide new information on the seismicity of oceanic regions.

Ocean-bottom seismographs will enable investigators to determine the details of the crustal structure of the seafloor and, because of the relative ‘thinness of the oceanic crust‘, should make possible collection of clear seismic information about Earth’s upper mantle.

Ocean bottom seismograph systems are also expected to provide new data, on Earth:

– Continental Shelf Plate Boundaries;

– MicroSeisms ( origins and propagations ); and,

– Ocean to Continent behavior margins.

MicroSeisms Measurements

MicroSeisms ( also known as ) ‘small ground motions’ are commonly recorded by seismographs. Small weak seismic wave motions ( also known as ) MicroSeisms are ‘not generated by earthquakes’ but in some instances can complicate accurate earthquake measurement recording. MicroSeisms are of scientific interest because their form relates to Earth surface structure.

Microseisms ( some ) have ‘local cause’, for example:

Microseisms due to traffic ( or machinery ) or local wind effects, storms and rough surf against an extended steep coastline.

Another class of microseisms exhibits features that are very similar on records traced at earthquake observatories that are widely separated, including approximately simultaneous occurrence of maximum amplitudes and similar wave frequencies. These microseisms may persist for many hours and have more or less regular periods of about five to eight seconds.

The largest amplitudes of such microseisms are on the order of 10−3 cm ( 0.0004 inch ) and ‘occur in coastal regions’. Amplitudes also depend to some extent on local geologic structure.

Some microseisms are produced when ‘large standing water waves are formed far out at sea’. The period of this type of microseism is ‘half’ of the Standing Wave.

Observations of Earthquakes

Earthquake Observatories

During the late 1950s, there were only about seven-hundred ( 700 ) seismographic stations worldwide, equipped with seismographs of various types and frequency responses – few instruments of which were calibrated; actual ground motions could not be measured, and ‘timing errors of several seconds’ were common.

The World-Wide Standardized Seismographic Network ( WWSSN ), became the first modern worldwide standardized system established to remedy that situation.

Each of the WWSSN had six ( 6 ) seismograph stations with three ( 3 ) short-period and three ( 3 ) long-period seismographs with timing and accuracy maintained by quartz crystal clocks, and a calibration pulse placed daily on each record.

By 1967, the WWSSN consisted of about one-hundred twenty ( 120 ) stations throughout sixty ( 60 ) countries, resulting in data to provide the basis for significant advances in research, on:

– Earthquakes ( mechanisms );

– Plate Tectonics ( global ); and,

– Deep-Structure Earth ( interior ).

By the 1980s a further upgrading of permanent seismographic stations began with the installation of digital equipment by a number of organizations.

Global digital seismograph station networks, now in operation, consist of:

– Seismic Research Observatories ( SRO ) within boreholes drilled 330 feet ( 100 metres ) deep in Earth ground; and,

– Modified high-gain long-period earthquake observatories located on Earth ground surfaces.

The Global Digital Seismographic Network in particular has remarkable capability, recording all motions from Earth ocean tides to microscopic ground motions at the level of local ground noise.

At present there are about 128 sites. With this system the long-term seismological goal will have been accomplished to equip global observatories with seismographs that can record every small earthquake anywhere over a broad band of frequencies.

Epicentre Earthquakes Located

Many observatories make provisional estimates of the epicentres of important earthquakes. These estimates provide preliminary information locally about particular earthquakes and serve as first approximations for the calculations subsequently made by large coordinating centres.

If an earthquake’s epicentre is less than 105° away from an earthquake observatory, the epicentre position can often be estimated from the readings of three ( 3 ) seismograms recording perpendicular components of the ground motion.

For a shallow earthquake the epicentral distance is indicated by the interval between the arrival times of P and S waves; the azimuth and angle of wave emergence at the surface indicated by somparing sizes and directions of the first ( 1st ) movements indicated by seismograms and relative sizes of later waves – particularly surface waves.

Anomaly

It should be noted, however, that in certain regions the first ( 1st ) wave movement at a station arrives from a direction differing from the azimuth toward the epicentre. This ‘anomaly is usually explained’ by ‘strong variations in geologic structures’.

When data from more than one observatory are available, an earthquake’s epicentre may be estimated from the times of travel of the P and S waves from source to recorder. In many seismically active regions, networks of seismographs with telemetry transmission and centralized timing and recording are common. Whether analog or digital recording is used, such integrated systems greatly simplify observatory work: multichannel signal displays make identification and timing of phase onsets easier and more reliable. Moreover, online microprocessors can be programmed to pick automatically, with some degree of confidence, the onset of a significant common phase, such as P, by correlation of waveforms from parallel network channels. With the aid of specially designed computer programs, seismologists can then locate distant earthquakes to within about 10 km (6 miles) and the epicentre of a local earthquake to within a few kilometres.

Catalogs of earthquakes felt by humans and of earthquake observations have appeared intermittently for many centuries. The earliest known list of instrumentally recorded earthquakes with computed times of origin and epicentres is for the period 1899 – 1903, afterwhich cataloging of earthquakes became more uniform and complete.

Especially valuable is the service provided by the International Seismological Centre ( ISC ) in Newbury, UK that monthly receives more than 1,000,000 seismic readings from more than 2,000 seismic monitoring stations worldwide and preliminary estimates locations of approximately 1,600 earthquakes from national and regional agencies and observatories.

The ISC publishes a monthly bulletin about once ( 1 ) every 2-years. The bulletin, when published, provides ‘all available information that was’ on each of more than 5,000 earthquakes.

Various national and regional centres control networks of stations and act as intermediaries between individual stations and the international organizations.

Examples of long-standing national centers include, the:

Japan Meteorological Agency; and,

U.S. National Earthquake Information Center ( NEIC ), a subdivision of the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ).

Centers, such as the aforementioned, normally make ‘local earthquake estimates’, of:

– Magnitude;

– Epicentre;

– Time origin; and,

– Focal depth.

Global seismicity data is continually accessible via Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology ( IRIS ) website.

An important research technique infers the character of faulting ( in an earthquake ) from recorded seismograms.

For example, observed distributions ( of the directions of the first onsets in waves arriving at the Earth’s surface ) have been effectively used.

Onsets are called “compressional” or “dilatational,” according to whether the direction is ‘away from’ or ‘toward’ the focus, respectively.

A polarity pattern becomes recognizable when the directions of the P-wave onsets are plotted on a map – there are broad areas in which the first onsets are predominantly compressions, separated from predominantly dilatational areas by nodal curves near which the P-wave amplitudes are abnormally small.

In 1926 the American geophysicist Perry E. Byerly used patterns of P onsets over the entire globe to infer the orientation of the fault plane in a large earthquake. The polarity method yields two P-nodal curves at the Earth’s surface; one curve is in the plane containing the assumed fault, and the other is in the plane ( called the auxiliary plane ) that passes through the focus and is perpendicular to the forces of the plane.

The recent availability of worldwide broad-based digital recording enabled computer programs written estimating the fault mechanism and seismic moment based on complete pattern of seismic wave arrivals.

Given a well-determined pattern at a number of earthquake observatories, it is possible to locate two ( 2 ) planes, one ( 1 ) of which is the plane containing the fault.

Earthquake Prediction

Earthquake Observations & Interpretations

Statistical earthquake occurrences are believed theorized, not widely accepted nor detecting periodic cycles, records of which old periodicities in time and space for major / great earthquakes cataloged are as old as 700 B.C. with China holding the ‘world’s most extensive catalog’ of approximately one ( 1 ) one-thousand ( 1,000 ) destructive earthquakes where ‘magnitude ( size )’ measurements were assessed based on ‘damage reports’ and experienced periods of ‘shaking’ and ‘other observations’ determining ‘intensity’ of those earthquakes.

Earthquake Attributions to Postulation

Precursor predictability approaches involve what some believe is sheer postulating what the initial trigger mechanisms are that force Earth ruptures, however where this becomes bizarre is where such forces have been attributed, to:

Weather Severity;

– Volcano Activity; and,

– Ocean Tide Force ( Moon ).

EXAMPLE: Correlations between physical phenomena assumed providing trigger mechanisms for earthquake repetition.

Professionals believe such must always be made to discover whether a causative link is actually present, and they further believe that to-date: ‘no cases possess any trigger mechanism’ – insofaras ‘moderate earthquakes’ to ‘large earthquakes’ unequivocally finding satisfaction with various necessary criteria.

Statistical methods also have been tried with populations of regional earthquakes with such suggested, but never established generally, that the slope b of the regression line between the logarithm of the number of earthquakes and the magnitude for a region may change characteristically with time.

Specifically, the claim is that the b value for the population of ‘foreshocks of a major earthquake’ may be ‘significantly smaller’ than the mean b value for the region averaged ‘over a long interval of time’.

Elastic rebound theory, of earthquake sources, allows rough prediction of the occurrence of large shallow earthquakes – for example – Harry F. Reid gave a crude forecast of the next great earthquake near San Francisco ( theory also predicted, of-course, the place would be along the San Andreas Fault or associated fault ). Geodetic data indicated that during an interval of 50 years relative displacements of 3.2 metres ( 10-1/2 feet ) had occurred at distant points across the fault. Elastic-rebound maximum offset ( along the fault in the 1906 earthquake ) was 6.5 metres. Therefore, ( 6.5 ÷ 3.2 ) × 50 or about 100-years would again elapse before sufficient strain accumulated for the occurrence of an earthquake comparable to that of 1906; premises being regional strain will grow uniformly and various constraints have not been altered by the great 1906 rupture itself ( such as by the onset of slow fault slip ).

Such ‘strain rates’ are now, however being more adequately measured ( along a number of active faults, e.g.San Andreas Fault) using networks of GPS sensors.

Earthquake Prediction Research

For many years prediction research has been influenced by the basic argument that ‘strain accumulates in rock masses in the vicinity of a fault, resulting in crustal deformation.

Deformations have been measured in ‘horizontal directions’ along active faults via ‘trilateration’ and ‘triangulation’ and in ‘vertical directions’ via ‘precise leveling and tiltmeters’.

Investigators ( some ) believe ‘ground-water level changes occur prior to earthquakes’ with variations of such reports from China.

Ground water levels respond to an array of complex factors ( e.g. ‘rainfall’ ) where such would have to be removed if changes in water level changes were studied in relation to earthquakes.

Phenomena Precursor Premonitories

Dilatancy theory ( i.e., volume increase of rock prior to rupture ) once occupied a central position in discussions of premonitory phenomena of earthquakes, but now receives less support based on observations that many solids exhibit dilatancy during deformation. For earthquake prediction, significance of dilatancy, if real, effects various measurable quantities of crustal Earth, i.e. seismic velocity, electric resistivity and ground and water levels. Consequences of dilatancy for earthquake prediction are summarized in the table ( below ):

The best-studied consequence is the effect on seismic velocities. The influence of internal cracks and pores on the elastic properties of rocks can be clearly demonstrated in laboratory measurements of those properties as a function of hydrostatic pressure. In the case of saturated rocks, experiments predict – for shallow earthquakes – that dilatancy occurs as a portion of the crust is stressed to failure, causing a decrease in the velocities of seismic waves. Recovery of velocity is brought about by subsequent rise of the pore pressure of water, which also has the effect of weakening the rock and enhancing fault slip.

Strain buildup in the focal region may have measurable effects on other observable properties, including electrical conductivity and gas concentration. Because the electrical conductivity of rocks depends largely on interconnected water channels within the rocks, resistivity may increase before the cracks become saturated. As pore fluid is expelled from the closing cracks, the local water table would rise and concentrations of gases such as radioactive radon would increase. No unequivocal confirming measurements have yet been published.

Geologic methods of extending the seismicity record back from the present also are being explored. Field studies indicate that the sequence of surface ruptures along major active faults associated with large earthquakes can sometimes be constructed.

An example is the series of large earthquakes inTurkeyin the 20th Century, which were caused mainly by successive westward ruptures of the North Anatolian Fault.

Liquefaction effects preserved in beds of sand and peat have provided evidence ( using radiometric dating methods ) for large paleoearthquakes back more than 1,000 years in many seismically active zones, including the U.S. Northwest Pacific Ocean Coastal Region.

Less well-grounded precursory phenomena, particularly earthquake lights and animal behaviour, sometimes draw more public attention than the precursors discussed above.

Unusual lights in the sky reported, and abnormal animal behaviour, preceding earthquakes are known to seismologists – mostly in anecdotal form.

Both phenomena, are usually explained away in terms of ( prior to earthquakes ) there being:

– Gaseous emmissions from Earth ground;

– Electric stimuli ( various ), e.g. HAARP, etcetera, from Earth ground; and,

– Acoustic stimuli ( various ), e.g. Seismic Wave subsonic emmissions from Earth ground.

At the present time, there is no definitive experimental evidence supporting reported claims of animals sometimes sensing an approaching earthquake.

… [ CENSORED-OUT ] …

Earthquake Hazard Reduction Methods

Considerable work has been done in seismology to explain the characteristics of the recorded ground motions in earthquakes. Such knowledge is needed to predict ground motions in future earthquakes so that earthquake-resistant structures can be designed.

Although earthquakes cause death and destruction via such secondary effects ( i.e. landslides, tsunamis, fires and fault rupture ), the greatest losses ( human lives and property ) result from ‘collapsing man-made structures’ amidst violent ground shaking.

The most effective way to mitigate ( minimize ) damage from earthquakes – from an engineering standpoint – is to design and construct structures capable of withstanding ‘strong ground motions’.

Interpreting recorded ground motions

Most ‘elastic waves’ recorded ( close to an extended fault source ) are complicated and difficult to interpret uniquely.

Understanding such, near-source motion, can be viewed as a 3 part problem.

The first ( 1st ) part stems from ‘elastic wave generations’ radiating ( from the slipping fault ) as the ‘moving rupture sweeps-out an area of slip’ ( along the fault plane ) – within a given time.

Wave pattern production dependencies on several parameters, such as:

Fault dimension and rupture velocity.

Elastic waves ( various types ) radiate, from the vicinity of the moving rupture, in all directions.

Geometric and frictional properties of the fault, critically affect wave pattern radiation from it.

The second ( 2nd ) part of the problem concerns the passage of the waves through the intervening rocks to the site and the effect of geologic conditions.

The third ( 3rd ) part involves the conditions at the recording site itself, such as topography and highly attenuating soils. All these questions must be considered when estimating likely earthquake effects at a site of any proposed structure.

Experience has shown that the ground strong-motion recordings have a variable pattern in detail but predictable regular shapes in general ( except in the case of strong multiple earthquakes ).

EXAMPLE: Actual ground shaking ( acceleration, velocity and displacement ) recorded during an earthquake ( see figure below ).

In a strong horizontal shaking of the ground near the fault source, there is an initial segment of motion made up mainly of P waves, which frequently manifest themselves strongly in the vertical motion. This is followed by the onset of S waves, often associated with a longer-period pulse of ground velocity and displacement related to the near-site fault slip or fling. This pulse is often enhanced in the direction of the fault rupture and normal to it. After the S onset there is shaking that consists of a mixture of S and P waves, but the S motions become dominant as the duration increases. Later, in the horizontal component, surface waves dominate, mixed with some S body waves. Depending on the distance of the site from the fault and the structure of the intervening rocks and soils, surface waves are spread out into long trains.

Expectant Seismic Hazard Maps Constructed

In many regions, seismic expectancy maps or hazard maps are now available for planning purposes. The anticipated intensity of ground shaking is represented by a number called the peak acceleration or the peak velocity.

To avoid weaknesses found in earlier earthquake hazard maps, the following general principles are usually adopted today:

The map should take into account not only the size but also the frequency of earthquakes.

The broad regionalization pattern should use historical seismicity as a database, including the following factors: major tectonic trends, acceleration attenuation curves, and intensity reports.

Regionalization should be defined by means of contour lines with design parameters referred to ordered numbers on neighbouring contour lines ( this procedure minimizes sensitivity concerning the exact location of boundary lines between separate zones ).

The map should be simple and not attempt to microzone the region.

The mapped contoured surface should not contain discontinuities, so that the level of hazard progresses gradually and in order across any profile drawn on the map.

Developing resistant structures

Developing engineered structural designs that are able to resist the forces generated by seismic waves can be achieved either by following building codes based on hazard maps or by appropriate methods of analysis. Many countries reserve theoretical structural analyses for the larger, more costly, or critical buildings to be constructed in the most seismically active regions, while simply requiring that ordinary structures conform to local building codes. Economic realities usually determine the goal, not of preventing all damage in all earthquakes but of minimizing damage in moderate, more common earthquakes and ensuring no major collapse at the strongest intensities. An essential part of what goes into engineering decisions on design and into the development and revision of earthquake-resistant design codes is therefore seismological, involving measurement of strong seismic waves, field studies of intensity and damage, and the probability of earthquake occurrence.

Earthquake risk can also be reduced by rapid post-earthquake response. Strong-motion accelerographs have been connected in some urban areas, such as Los Angeles, Tokyo, and Mexico City, to interactive computers.

Recorded waves are correlated with seismic intensity scales and rapidly displayed graphically on regional maps via the World Wide Web.

Exploration of the Earth’s interior with seismic waves

Seismological Tomography

Deep Structure Earth seismological data from several sources, including:

– Nuclear explosions containing P-Waves and S-Waves;

– Earthquakes containing P-Waves and S-Waves;

– Earth ‘surface wave dispersions’ from ‘distant earthquakes’; and,

– Earth ‘planetary vibration’ from ‘Great Earthquakes’

One of the major aims of seismology was to infer a minimum set of properties surrounding the planet interior of Earth that might explain recorded seismic ‘wave trains’ in detail.

Deep Structure Earth exploration made ‘tremendous progress during the first half of the 20th Century ( 1900s – 1950s ), realizing goals was severely limited until the 1960s because of laborious effort required just to evaluate theoretical models and process large amounts of recorded earthquake data.

Today’s application of supercomputer high-speed data processing enormous quantities of stored data and information retrieval capabilities opened information technology ( IT ) passageways leading to major advancements in the way data is manipulated ( data handling ) for advanced theoretical modeling, research analytics and developmental prototyping.

Earth structure realistic modeling studies by researchers since the middle 1970s include continental and oceanic boundaries, mountains and river valleys rather than simple structures such as those involving variation only with depth, and various technical developments have benefited observational seismology.

EXAMPLE: Deep Structure Earth significant exploration using 3D ( three dimensional ) imaging with equally impressive display ( monitor ) equipment possible from advanced microprocessor architecture redesign, new discoveries of materials and new concepts making seismic exploratory techniques developed by petroleum industry adaptations ( e.g. seismic reflection ) highly recognized as adopted procedures.

Deep Structure Earth major methods for determining planet interior is detailed analysis of seismograms of seismic waves; noting earthquake readings additionally provide estimates of, Earth internal:

Wave velocities;

– Density; and,

– Parameters of ‘elasticity’ ( stretchable ) and ‘inelasticity’ ( fixed ).

Earthquake Travel Time

Primary procedure is to measure the travel times of various wave types, such as P and S, from their source to the recording seismograph. First, however, identification of each wave type with its ray path through the Earth must be made.

Seismic rays for many paths of P and S waves leaving the earthquake focus F are shown in the figure.

Deep-Focus Deep-Structure Earth Coremetrics

Rays corresponding to waves that have been reflected at the Earth’s outer surface (or possibly at one of the interior discontinuity surfaces) are denoted as PP, PS, SP, PSS, and so on. For example, PS corresponds to a wave that is of P type before surface reflection and of S type afterward. In addition, there are rays such as pPP, sPP, and sPS, the symbols p and s corresponding to an initial ascent to the outer surface as P or S waves, respectively, from a deep focus.

An especially important class of rays is associated with a discontinuity surface separating the central core of the Earth from the mantle at a depth of about 2,900 km (1,800 miles) below the outer surface. The symbol c is used to indicate an upward reflection at this discontinuity. Thus, if a P wave travels down from a focus to the discontinuity surface in question, the upward reflection into an S wave is recorded at an observing station as the ray PcS and similarly with PcP, ScS, and ScP. The symbol K is used to denote the part (of P type) of the path of a wave that passes through the liquid central core. Thus, the ray SKS corresponds to a wave that starts as an S wave, is refracted into the central core as a P wave, and is refracted back into the mantle, wherein it finally emerges as an S wave. Such rays as SKKS correspond to waves that have suffered an internal reflection at the boundary of the central core.

The discovery of the existence of an inner core in 1936 by the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann made it necessary to introduce additional basic symbols. For paths of waves inside the central core, the symbols i and I are used analogously to c and K for the whole Earth; therefore, i indicates reflection upward at the boundary between the outer and inner portions of the central core, and I corresponds to the part (of P type) of the path of a wave that lies inside the inner portion. Thus, for instance, discrimination needs to be made between the rays PKP, PKiKP, and PKIKP. The first of these corresponds to a wave that has entered the outer part of the central core but has not reached the inner core, the second to one that has been reflected upward at the inner core boundary, and the third to one that has penetrated into the inner portion.

By combining the symbols p, s, P, S, c, K, i, and I in various ways, notation is developed for all the main rays associated with body earthquake waves.

Hidden Inner Earth Deep Structure Anomalies

The symbol J, introduced to correspond with S waves located within Earth’s inner core, is only evidence if such ( if ever ) be found for such waves. Use of times of travel along rays to infer a hidden structure is analogous to the use of X-rays in medical tomography. The method involves reconstructing an image of internal anomalies from measurements made at the outer surface. Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of travel times of P and S waves are available in earthquake catalogs for the tomographic imaging of the Earth’s interior and the mapping of internal structure.

Inner Earth Deep Structure

Thinest & Thickest Part of Earth’s Crust

Inner Earth, based on earthquake records and imaging studies, are officially represented, as:

A solid layer flowing patterns of a mantle, at its ’thickest point’ being about 1,800-miles ( 2,900 kilometers ) thick, although at its ‘thinest point’ less than 6-miles ( 10 kilometers ) beneath the ocean seafloor bed beneath the surface of the ultra-deep sea.

The thin surface rock layer surrounding the mantle is the crust, whose lower boundary is called the Mohorovičić discontinuity. In normal continental regions the crust is about 30 kilometers to 40 km thick; there is usually a superficial low-velocity sedimentary layer underlain by a zone in which seismic velocity increases with depth. Beneath this zone there is a layer in which P-wave velocities in some places fall from 6 to 5.6 km per second. The middle part of the crust is characterized by a heterogeneous zone with P velocities of nearly 6 to 6.3 km per second. The lowest layer of the crust ( about 10 km thick ) has significantly higher P velocities, ranging up to nearly 7 km per second.

In the deep ocean there is a sedimentary layer that is about 1 km thick. Underneath is the lower layer of the oceanic crust, which is about 4 km thick. This layer is inferred to consist of basalt that formed where extrusions of basaltic magma at oceanic ridges have been added to the upper part of lithospheric plates as they spread away from the ridge crests. This crustal layer cools as it moves away from the ridge crest, and its seismic velocities increase correspondingly.

Below Earth’s mantle at its ‘thickest point’ exists a shell depth of 1,800 miles ( 2,255 km ), which seismic waves indicate, has liquid property form, and at Earth’s ‘shallowest point’ only 6-miles ( 10 kilometers ) located beneath the ultra-deep seafloor of the planet ocean.

At the very centre of the planet is a separate solid core with a radius of 1,216 km. Recent work with observed seismic waves has revealed three-dimensional structural details inside the Earth, especially in the crust and lithosphere, under the subduction zones, at the base of the mantle, and in the inner core. These regional variations are important in explaining the dynamic history of the planet.

Long-Period Global Oscillations

Sometimes earthquakes can be so great, the entire planet Earth will vibrate like a ringing bell’s echo, with the deepest tone of vibration recorded by modern man on planet Earth is a period of measurement where the length of time between the arrival of successive crests in a wave train has been 54-minutes considered by human beings as ‘grave’ ( an extremely significant danger ).

Knowledge of these vibrations has come from a remarkable extension in the ‘range of periods of ground movements’ now able to be recorded by modern ‘digital long-period seismographs’ spanning the entire allowable spectrum of earthquake wave periods, from: ordinary P waves ( with periods of tenths of seconds ) to vibrations ( with periods on the order of 12-hours and 24-hours ), i.e. those movements occuring within Earth ocean tides.

The measurements of vibrations of the whole Earth provide important information on the properties of the interior of the planet. It should be emphasized that these free vibrations are set up by the energy release of the earthquake source but continue for many hours and sometimes even days. For an elastic sphere such as the Earth, two types of vibrations are known to be possible. In one type, called S modes, or spheroidal vibrations, the motions of the elements of the sphere have components along the radius as well as along the tangent. In the second [ 2nd ] type, which are designated as T modes or torsional vibrations, there is shear but no radial displacements. The nomenclature is nSl and nTl, where the letters n and l are related to the surfaces in the vibration at which there is zero motion. Four ( 4 ) examples are illustrated in the figure. The subscript n gives a count of the number of internal zero-motion ( nodal ) surfaces, and l indicates the number of surface nodal lines.

Several hundred types of S and T vibrations have been identified and the associated periods measured. The amplitudes of the ground motion in the vibrations have been determined for particular earthquakes, and, more important, the attenuation of each component vibration has been measured. The dimensionless measure of this decay constant is called the quality factor Q. The greater the value of Q, the less the wave or vibration damping. Typically, for oS10 and oT10, the Q values are about 250.

The rate of decay of the vibrations of the whole Earth with the passage of time can be seen in the figure, where they appear superimposed for 20 hours of the 12-hour tidal deformations of the Earth. At the bottom of the figure these vibrations have been split up into a series of peaks, each with a definite frequency, similar to that of the spectrum of light.

Such a spectrum indicates the relative amplitude of each harmonic present in the free oscillations. If the physical properties of the Earth’s interior were known, all these individual peaks could be calculated directly. Instead, the internal structure must be estimated from the observed peaks.

Recent research has shown that observations of long-period oscillations of the Earth discriminate fairly finely between different Earth models. In applying the observations to improve the resolution and precision of such representations of the planet’s internal structure, a considerable number of Earth models are set up, and all the periods of their free oscillations are computed and checked against the observations. Models can then be successively eliminated until only a small range remains. In practice, the work starts with existing models; efforts are made to amend them by sequential steps until full compatibility with the observations is achieved, within the uncertainties of the observations. Even so, the resulting computed Earth structure is not a unique solution to the problem.

Extraterrestrial Seismic Phenomena

Space vehicles have carried equipment onto the our Moon and Mars surface recording seismic waves from where seismologists on Earth receive telemetry signals from seismic events from both.

By 1969, seismographs had been placed at six sites on the Moon during the U.S. Apollo missions. Recording of seismic data ceased in September 1977. The instruments detected between 600 and 3,000 moonquakes during each year of their operation, though most of these seismic events were very small. The ground noise on the lunar surface is low compared with that of the Earth, so that the seismographs could be operated at very high magnifications. Because there was more than one station on the Moon, it was possible to use the arrival times of P and S waves at the lunar stations from the moonquakes to determine foci in the same way as is done on the Earth.

Moonquakes are of three types. First, there are the events caused by the impact of lunar modules, booster rockets, and meteorites. The lunar seismograph stations were able to detect meteorites hitting the Moon’s surface more than 1,000 km (600 miles) away. The two other types of moonquakes had natural sources in the Moon’s interior: they presumably resulted from rock fracturing, as on Earth. The most common type of natural moonquake had deep foci, at depths of 600 to 1,000 km; the less common variety had shallow focal depths.

Seismological research on Mars has been less successful. Only one of the seismometers carried to the Martian surface by the U.S. Viking landers during the mid-1970s remained operational, and only one potential marsquake was detected in 546 Martian days.

Historical Major Earthquakes

Major historical earthquakes chronological listing in table ( below ).

 

Major Earthquake History

Year

Region / Area

Affected

* Mag.

Intensity

Human Death

Numbers

( approx. )

Remarks

c. 1500 BCE

Knossos,

Crete

(Greece)

X

One of several events that leveled the capital of Minoan civilization, this quake accompanied the explosion of the nearby volcanic islandof Thera.

27 BCE

Thebes

(Egypt)

This quake cracked one of the statues known as the Colossi of Memnon, and for almost two centuries the “singing Memnon” emitted musical tones on certain mornings as it was warmed by the Sun’s rays.

62 CE

Pompeii

and Herculaneum

(Italy)

X

These two prosperous Roman cities had not yet recovered from the quake of 62 when they were buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79.

115

AntiochAntakya,

(Turkey)

XI

A centre of Hellenistic and early Christian culture, Antiochsuffered many devastating quakes; this one almost killed the visiting Roman emperor Trajan.

1556

Shaanxi

( province )

China

IX

830,000

Deadliest earthquake ever recorded, possible.

1650

Cuzco

(Peru)

8.1

VIII

Many ofCuzco’s Baroque monuments date to the rebuilding of the city after this quake.

1692

Port Royal (Jamaica)

2,000

Much of thisBritish West Indiesport, a notorious haven for buccaneers and slave traders, sank beneath the sea following the quake.

1693

southeasternSicily,

(Italy)

XI

93,000

Syracuse, Catania, and Ragusa were almost completely destroyed but were rebuilt with a Baroque splendour that still attracts tourists.

1755

Lisbon,Portugal

XI

62,000

The Lisbon earthquake of 1755 was felt as far away asAlgiers and caused a tsunami that reached theCaribbean.

1780

Tabriz

(Iran)

7.7

200,000

This ancient highland city was destroyed and rebuilt, as it had been in 791, 858, 1041, and 1721 and would be again in 1927.
1811 – 1812

NewMadrid,Missouri

(USA)

7.5 – 7.7

XII

A series of quakes at the New Madrid Fault caused few deaths, but the New Madrid earthquake of 1811 – 1812 rerouted portions of the Mississippi River and was felt fromCanada to theGulf of Mexico.

1812

Caracas

(Venezuela)

9.6

X

26,000

A provincial town in 1812,Caracasrecovered and eventually becameVenezuela’s capital.

1835

Concepción,

(Chile)

8.5

35

British naturalist Charles Darwin, witnessing this quake, marveled at the power of the Earth to destroy cities and alter landscapes.

1886

Charleston,South Carolina

(USA)

IX

60

This was one of the largest quakes ever to hit the easternUnited States.

1895

Ljubljana

(Slovenia)

6.1

VIII

ModernLjubljanais said to have been born in the rebuilding after this quake.

1906

San Francisco,California

(USA)

7.9

XI

700

San Franciscostill dates its modern development from the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 and the resulting fires.

1908

Messina and Reggio di Calabria,Italy

7.5

XII

110,000

These two cities on theStraitofMessinawere almost completely destroyed in what is said to beEurope’s worst earthquake ever.

1920

Gansu

( province )

China

8.5

200,000

Many of the deaths in this quake-prone province were caused by huge landslides.

1923

Tokyo-Yokohama,

(Japan)

7.9

142,800

Japan’s capital and its principal port, located on soft alluvial ground, suffered severely from the Tokyo-Yokohama earthquake of 1923.

1931

Hawke Bay,New Zealand

7.9

256

The bayside towns of Napier and Hastings were rebuilt in an Art Deco style that is now a great tourist attraction.

1935

Quetta (Pakistan)

7.5

X

20,000

The capital of Balochistan province was severely damaged in the most destructive quake to hitSouth Asiain the 20th century.

1948

Ashgabat (Turkmenistan)

7.3

X

176,000

Every year,Turkmenistancommemorates the utter destruction of its capital in this quake.

1950

Assam,India

8.7

X

574

The largest quake ever recorded inSouth Asiakilled relatively few people in a lightly populated region along the Indo-Chinese border.

1960

Valdivia

and

Puerto Montt,

(Chile)

9.5

XI

5,700

The Chile earthquake of 1960, the largest quake ever recorded in the world, produced a tsunami that crossed the Pacific Ocean toJapan, where it killed more than 100 people.

1963

Skopje,Macedonia

6.9

X

1,070

The capital ofMacedoniahad to be rebuilt almost completely following this quake.

1964

Prince William Sound,Alaska,U.S.

9.2

131

Anchorage, Seward, and Valdez were damaged, but most deaths in the Alaska earthquake of 1964 were caused by tsunamis inAlaska and as far away asCalifornia.

1970

Chimbote,Peru

7.9

70,000

Most of the damage and loss of life resulting from the Ancash earthquake of 1970 was caused by landslides and the collapse of poorly constructed buildings.

1972

Managua,Nicaragua

6.2

10,000

The centre of the capital ofNicaraguawas almost completely destroyed; the business section was later rebuilt some 6 miles (10 km) away.

1976

Guatemala City,Guatemala

7.5

IX

23,000

Rebuilt following a series of devastating quakes in 1917–18, the capital ofGuatemalaagain suffered great destruction.

1976

Tangshan,

(China)

7.5

X

242,000

In the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, this industrial city was almost completely destroyed in the worst earthquake disaster in modern history.

1985

Michoacán state and Mexico City,Mexico

8.1

IX

10,000

The centre of Mexico City, built largely on the soft subsoil of an ancient lake, suffered great damage in the Mexico City earthquake of 1985.

1988

Spitak and Gyumri,Armenia

6.8

X

25,000

This quake destroyed nearly one-third ofArmenia’s industrial capacity.

1989

Loma Prieta,California,U.S.

7.1

IX

62

The San Francisco–Oakland earthquake of 1989, the first sizable movement of the San Andreas Fault since 1906, collapsed a section of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.

1994

Northridge,

California

(USA)

6.8

IX

60

Centred in the urbanized San Fernando Valley, the Northridge earthquake of 1994 collapsed freeways and some buildings, but damage was limited by earthquake-resistant construction.

1995

Kobe,

(Japan)

6.9

XI

5,502

The Great Hanshin Earthquake destroyed or damaged 200,000 buildings and left 300,000 people homeless.

1999

Izmit,Turkey

7.4

X

17,000

The Izmit earthquake of 1999 heavily damaged the industrial city ofIzmit and the naval base at Golcuk.

1999

Nan-t’ou county,Taiwan

7.7

X

2,400

The Taiwan earthquake of 1999, the worst to hitTaiwan since 1935, provided a wealth of digitized data for seismic and engineering studies.

2001

Bhuj,

Gujarat

( state )

India

8.0

X

20,000

The Bhuj earthquake of 2001, possibly the deadliest ever to hitIndia, was felt acrossIndia andPakistan.

2003

Bam

(Iran)

6.6

IX

26,000

This ancientSilk Roadfortress city, built mostly of mud brick, was almost completely destroyed.

2004

Aceh

( province )

Sumatra

(Indonesia)

9.1

200,000

The deaths resulting from this offshore quake actually were caused by a tsunami originating in the Indian Ocean that, in addition to killing more than 150,000 inIndonesia, killed people as far away asSri Lanka andSomalia.

2005

Azad Kashmir

(Pakistanadministered )

( Kashmir )

7.6

VIII

80,000

The Kashmir earthquake of 2005, perhaps the deadliest shock ever to strikeSouth Asia, left hundreds of thousands of people exposed to the coming winter weather.

2008

Sichuan

( province )

(China

7.9

IX

69,000

The Sichuan earthquake of 2008 left over 5 million people homeless across the region, and over half of Beichuan city was destroyed by the initial seismic event and the release of water from a lake formed by nearby landslides.

2009

L’Aquila,

(Italy)

6.3

VIII

300

The L’Aquila earthquake of 2009 left more than 60,000 people homeless and damaged many of the city’s medieval buildings.

2010

Port-au-Prince,

(Haiti)

7.0

IX

316,000

The Haiti earthquake of 2010 devastated the metropolitan area ofPort-au-Prince and left an estimated 1.5 million survivors homeless.

2010

Maule,

(Chile)

8.8

VIII

521

The Chile earthquake of 2010 produced widespread damage inChile’s central region and triggered tsunami warnings throughout the Pacific basin.

2010

Christchurch,(New Zealand)

7.0

VIII

180

Most of the devastation associated with the Christchurch earthquakes of 2010–11 resulted from a magnitude-6.3 aftershock that struck on February 22, 2011.

2011

Honshu,

(Japan)

9.0

VIII

20,000

The powerful Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011, which sent tsunami waves across the Pacific basin, caused widespread damage throughout easternHonshu.

2011

Erciş

And

Van,

(Turkey)

7.2

IX

The Erciş-Van earthquake of 2011 destroyed several apartment complexes and shattered mud-brick homes throughout the region.
  Data Sources: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), National Geophysical Data Center ( NGDC ), Significant Earthquake Database ( SED ), a searchable online database using the Catalog of Significant Earthquakes 2150 B.C. – 1991 A.D. ( with Addenda ), and U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ), Earthquake Hazards Program.  * Measures of magnitude may differ from other sources.

ARTICLE

AdditionalReading

Earthquakes are covered mainly in books on seismology.

Recommended introductory texts, are:

Bruce A. Bolt, Earthquakes, 4th ed. (1999), and Earthquakes and Geological Discovery (1993); and,

Jack Oliver, Shocks and Rocks: Seismology and the Plate Tectonics Revolution (1996).

Comprehensive books on key aspects of seismic hazards, are:

Leon Reiter, Earthquake Hazard Analysis – Issues and Insights (1990); and,

Robert S. Yeats, Kerry Sieh, and Clarence R. Allen, The Geology of Earthquakes (1997).

A history of discrimination, between:

Underground nuclear explosions and natural earthquakes, is given by:

Bruce A. Bolt, “Nuclear Explosions and Earthquakes: The Parted Veil” ( 1976 ).

More advanced texts that treat the theory of earthquake waves in detail, are:

Agustín Udías, Principles of Seismology (1999);

Thorne Lay and Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology (1995);

Peter M. Shearer, Introduction to Seismology (1999); and,

K.E. Bullen and Bruce A. Bolt, An Introduction to the Theory of Seismology, 4th ed. (1985).

LINKS

Year in Review

Britannica provides coverage of “earthquake” in the following Year in Review articles.

Bhutan  ( in  Bhutan )

geophysics  ( in  geophysics )

Japan

Kyrgyzstan  (in  Kyrgyzstan)

Nepal  (in  Nepal)

New Zealand  (in  New Zealand )

Chile  (in  Chile: Year In Review 2010)

China  (in  China: Year In Review 2010)

“Engineering for Earthquakes”  ( in  Engineering for Earthquakes: Year In Review 2010 (earthquake) )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2010)

Haiti  (in  Haiti: Year In Review 2010; in  Haiti earthquake of 2010 )

Mauritius  (in  Mauritius: Year In Review 2010)

New Zealand  (in  New Zealand: Year In Review 2010 )

Bhutan  (in  Bhutan: Year In Review 2009)

Costa Rica  (in  Costa Rica: Year In Review 2009 )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2009)

Indonesia  (in  Indonesia: Year In Review 2009)

Italy  (in  Italy: Year In Review 2009; in  Vatican City State: Year In Review 2009 )

Samoa  (in  Samoa: Year In Review 2009)

“Major Earthquake Shakes China’s Sichuan Province, A”  ( in  A Major Earthquake Shakes China’s Sichuan Province: Year In Review 2008 (earthquake) )

China  (in  China: Year In Review 2008; in  United Nations: Year In Review 2008 )

Congo, Democratic Republic of the  (in  Democratic Republic of the Congo: Year In Review 2008)

geology  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2008)

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2008 )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2007)

paleontology  (in  Life Sciences: Year In Review 2007)

Peru  (in  Peru: Year In Review 2007 )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2006)

glaciers  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2006)

Mozambique  (in  Mozambique: Year In Review 2006)

archaeology  ( in  Anthropology and Archaeology: Year In Review 2005 )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2005)

India  (in  India: Year In Review 2005 )

Pakistan(in  Pakistan: Year In Review 2005 )

“Cataclysm in Kashmir”  (in  Cataclysm in Kashmir: Year In Review 2005 (Jammu and Kashmir))

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2004)

Japan  (in  Japan: Year In Review 2004)

tsunami  (in  The Deadliest Tsunami: Year In Review 2004 (tsunami))

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 1996)

geophysics  (in  Earth and Space Sciences: Year In Review 1995)

LINKS

Other Britannica Sites

Get involved Share

Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.

Earthquake – Children’s Encyclopedia ( Ages 8-11 ) – During an earthquake, huge masses of rock move beneath the Earth’s surface and cause the ground to shake. Earthquakes occur constantly around the world. Often they are too small for people to feel at all. Sometimes, however, earthquakes cause great losses of life and property.

Earthquake – Student Encyclopedia ( Ages 11 and up ) – Sudden shaking of the ground that occurs when masses of rock change position below Earth’s surface is called an earthquake. The shifting masses send out shock waves that may be powerful enough to alter the surface, thrusting up cliffs and opening great cracks in the ground.

The topic earthquake is discussed at the following external Web sites.

Citations

To cite this page: MLAAPAHarvardChicago Manual of Style

MLA Style: “earthquake.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176199/earthquake

Reference

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176199/earthquake/247989/Shallow-intermediate-and-deep-foci?anchor=ref105456

– – – –

Feeling ‘educated’? Think you’re out-of the earthquake and tsunami water subject?

March 23, 2012 news, however contradicts decades of professional scientific knowledge and studies so, if you were just feeling ‘overly educated’ about earthquakes and tsunamis – don’t be. You’re now lost at sea, in the same proverbial ‘boat’, with all those global government scientific and technical ( S&T ) professionals who thought they understood previous information surrounding earthquakes and tsunamis.

After comparing Japan 9.0 ‘earthquake directional arrows’, depicted on the charts ( further above ), with ocean currents, tidal charts and trade winds from the global jet stream there’s a problem that cannot be explained when on March 23, 2012 British Columbia, Canada reported its northwest Pacific Ocean coastal sea waters held a 100-foot fishing boat ‘still afloat’ – more than 1-year after the Japan tsunami from its 9.0 earthquake on March 11, 2011.

[ IMAGE ( above ): 11MAR11 Japan 9.0 earthquake tsunami vistim fishing boat ( 50-metre ) found more than 1-year later still adrift in the Pacific Ocean – but thousands of miles away – off North America Pacific Ocean west coastal territory of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada ( Click on image to enlarge ) ]

– – – –

Source: CBS News – British Columbia ( Canada )

Tsunami Linked Fishing Boat Adrift Off B.C.

Nobody Believed Aboard 50-Meter Vessel Swept Away In 2011 Japanese Disaster CBC News

March 23, 2012 21:35 ( PST ) Updated from: 23MAR12 18:59 ( PST )

A Japanese fishing boat that was washed out to sea in the March 2011 Japanese tsunami has been located adrift off the coast of British Columbia ( B.C. ), according to the federal Transport Ministry.

The 50-metre vessel was spotted by the crew of an aircraft on routine patrol about 275 kilometres off Haida Gwaii, formerly known as the Queen Charlotte Islands, ministry spokeswoman Sau Sau Liu said Friday.

“Close visual aerial inspection and hails to the ship indicate there is no one on board,” Liu said. “The owner of the vessel has been contacted and made aware of its location.”

U.S. Senator Maria Cantwell, ofWashington, said in a release that the boat was expected to drift slowly southeast.

“On its current trajectory and speed, the vessel would not [ yet ] make landfall for approximately 50-days,” Cantwell said. Cantwell did not specify where landfall was expected to be.

First large debris

The boat is the first large piece of debris found following the earthquake and tsunami that struckJapanone year ago.

Scientists, at the University of Hawaii say a field of about 18,000,000 million tonnes of debris is slowly being carried by ocean currents toward North America. The field is estimated to be about 3,200 kilometres long and 1,600 kilometres wide.

Scientists have estimated some of the debris would hit B.C. shores by 2014.

Some people on the west coast of Vancouver Island believe ‘smaller pieces of debris have already washed ashore there’.

The March 11, 2011, tsunami was generated after a magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck off the coast of northern Japan. The huge waves and swells of the tsunami moved inland and then retreated back into the Pacific Ocean, carrying human beings, wreckage of buildings, cars and boats.

Nearly 19,000 people were killed.

Reference

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2012/03/23/bc-fishing-boat-tsunami-debris.html?cmp=rss

– – – –

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Kentron Intellect Research Vault

E-MAIL: KentronIntellectResearchVault@Gmail.Com

WWW: http://KentronIntellectResearchVault.WordPress.Com

References

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/japan/031111_M9.0prelim_geodetic_slip.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale
http://www.gsi.go.jp/cais/topic110315.2-index-e.html
http://www.seismolab.caltech.edu
http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/slip_history/2011_taiheiyo-oki
http://supersites.earthobservations.org/ARIA_japan_co_postseismic.pdf
ftp://sideshow.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/usrs/ARIA/README.txt
http://speclib.jpl.nasa.gov/documents/jhu_desc
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/pacnw/paleo/greateq/conf.php
http://www.passcal.nmt.edu/content/array-arrays-elusive-ets-cascadia-subduction-zone
http://wcda.pgc.nrcan.gc.ca:8080/wcda/tams_e.php
http://www.pnsn.org/tremor
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqscanv/Quakes/quakes_all.html
http://nthmp.tsunami.gov
http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov
http://www.pnsn.org/NEWS/PRESS_RELEASES/CAFE/CAFE_intro.html
http://www.pnsn.org/WEBICORDER/DEEPTREM/summer2009.html
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/prepare
http://www.passcal.nmt.edu/content/usarray
http://www.iris.washington.edu/hq
http://www.iris.edu/dms/dmc
http://www.iris.edu/dhi/clients.htm
http://www.iris.edu/hq/middle_america/docs/presentations/1026/MORENO.pdf
http://www.unavco.org/aboutus/history.html
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/monitoring/anss
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/asl
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/asl/data
http://www.usarray.org/files/docs/pubs/US_Data_Plan_Final-V7.pdf
http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/gis/station_comma_list.asc
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/physics/lab
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/asl/data
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/Pangaea.html
http://coaps.fsu.edu/scatterometry/meeting/docs/2009_august/intro/shimoda.pdf
http://coaps.fsu.edu/scatterometry/meeting/past.php
http://eqinfo.ucsd.edu/dbrecenteqs/anza
http://www.ceri.memphis.edu/seismic
http://conceptactivityresearchvault.wordpress.com/2011/03/28/global-environmental-intelligence-gei
http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=157&page=1
https://login.afwa.af.mil/register/
https://login.afwa.af.mil/amserver/UI/Login?goto=https%3A%2F%2Fweather.afwa.af.mil%3A443%2FHOST_HOME%2FDNXM%2FWRF%2Findex.html
http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/news/2011/space-110225-afns01.htm
http://www.wrf-model.org/plots/wrfrealtime.php

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )

Global Environmental Intelligence - GEI

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )
by, Kentron Intellect Research Vault ( KIRV )

TUCSON, Arizona – March 7, 2012 – Nebraska is part of America’s heartland where less than fifty ( 50 ) people are ‘officially designated’ – by the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) – to analyze the pulsebeat of ‘doom and gloom’ through ‘scientific terms’ calculated within a new ‘strategic center’ using the latest ultra high-tech computer system, software application program modules and networking capabilities for what ‘global government national infrastructures’ expect, based on what the National Aeronautic Space Administration ( NASA ) warned would hit Earth during the current ”Solar Maximum” ( Cycle 24 ) sending a ‘significant’ “Solar Energetic Particle Event” ( SEPE ) to Earth that “we all need to be concerned about.”

What possibly could go wrong?

We’re all protected, aren’t we?

We are ‘not protected against natural events’ that we have ‘no control over’, but governments have been doing their best to monitor activities, which is one ( 1 ) reason ‘why’ the United States Air Force ( USAF ) ‘subordinate organization’ known as its Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) analyzes significant scientific data from horizons above and below the Earth, searching for clues as to what ‘natural significant event’ ( i.e. Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ), tectonic plate shift ( continental earthquakes ),  magnetic pole shift ( climate change ), or something else as dramatic will occur.

The sole “Mission” of the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) is tasked as the only U.S. government Agency ‘officially designated to analyze’ incredible amounts of scientific doom and gloom information the public might think came from ‘doomsday prophets’ concerned about Earth calamities going to happen soon.

Space Weather Earth Forecasting

Current official information ( received 24-hours a day and 365-days a year ) by the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) and its host Directorate of Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ), group of ‘solar observatories’, ‘satellites’, ‘spacecraft’, ‘interstellar lightwave spectral and radio-frequency ( RF ) imaging sensors’, ‘telescopes’ with a wide array of ‘cameras’ as well as ‘human observers’ are continuing to report enough worrisome information that would scare many of us, but – ‘officially’ – the public will never know ‘what’ is about to befall them or ‘when’ that will occur.

After a considerable amount of research into this subject, the U.S. Air Force was caught ‘publicly admitting’ they are able to “know within minutes” as to ‘what significant Earth Event is coming’ and just ‘when it will arrive’ – anywhere between a few hours up-to days in-advance’, but the public will never be informed. Why?

Doom & Gloom or Fantasy Island?

Undoubtedly, classified ( in the ‘interest of national security’ ), would be the officially given reason to the public. Some might ask, “But, for ‘whose’ “security?” People, for the most part, are ‘not secure’ – especially when facing a pending injurious consequence resulting in ruination of life as they may have come to know their’s – and most gravitate toward wanting to “be with family” ( or “loved ones” ) as any pending cataclysmic Earth Event draws nearer to them all. The U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ), however realizes that being occupants of planet Earth is ‘not the same thing as’ “Fantasy Island” or a trip to “McDonaldland” as the rest of the public at-large has come to know ‘their version’ of what planet Earth is for ‘them’ and their children.

Preparedness

What may even be more interesting to the public is to review official U.S. data surrounding what U.S. Air Force commands ‘are already preparing for’, what ‘they already have set in-place’ for ‘everyone living in the Continental United States ( CONUS )’, and ‘how they are going to accomplish’ their secret-sensitive “Mission” on ‘people’ throughout the United States. This is ‘definitely not’ a ‘science fiction movie’ or ‘Orwellian Theory’ within this report, but strictly what the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency and another U.S. Air Force ‘subordinate organization’, the Air and Space Operations ( ASO ), Director of Weather ( USAF Deputy Chief of Staff ) has ‘recently laid-out publicly’, but for the ‘public’ to decipher ‘all of what was so officially presented’ many were lost in the government psychobabble resulting in no impact on the public as to the ‘seriousness’ for what they need to ‘begin preparing for’.

Television Commercial ‘Official Advertisement’ Already Warned Public!

Recently ( 2010 and 2011 ), the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) began advertising its own advertising commercial on American television. The FEMA TV ad commercial ’warns the public to prepare’ for an “unexpected Event” that “can suddenly turn your life – and those around you – ‘upside down’.”

FEMA’s TV commercial advertisement ( see video clip – below ) is easily recalled by those who watch / watched it – depicting a ‘family inside a home’ where all of a sudden everything inside the home’ begins floating up in the air; as though ‘gravity was somehow suddeny lost’. This ‘professionally produced television commercial advertisement’ from FEMA ‘stylishly warns people to prepare for any unexpected natural disaster Earth Event, however FEMA did not describe ‘what type of event strike for people to expect’.

The sadest part about this is that the U.S. government actually considers this television commercial advertisement an “official public warning to prepare for a national disaster” while simultaneously the U.S. government hopes the commercial will ‘not’ create ‘panic’ or ‘chaos’ in the streets that would disrupt ‘skyrocketing profits’ received by ‘global elite’ and/or ‘big business’ through their stock market portfolios. In short, this alluding to a national disaster is nothing short of being the ‘Biggest Show On Earth’ continuing profits from basic living expenses saddling the ‘little people’, ‘worthless eaters’, and ‘consumers of “blue gold” ( water ) the global elite predict will rise – more-so than precious metals – after such an Earth Disaster Event ( EDE ).

Survival By Chance or Circumstance

One of the most worrisome concerns, after reviewing this report ( filled with official U.S. government information’ ), is: ‘What’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ U.S. government ‘decision-makers’ react to their ‘official alert’. Many will undoubtedly and instantly gather with ‘their families’, however ‘what about the rest of us’ gathering with ‘our families? We will not be provided the same ‘early alert’ to even know – until after it ( significant Earth Event ) already takes place! Is this ‘fair’? Is this ‘just’? Is this ‘humane’? Or, is this pure and unadulterated ‘elitist selfishness’ that government affords for only a ‘select few’ lucky souls fortunate enough to be provided with sufficient warning in-advance and additionally told were to go and what to do in order to escape the wrath of such a cataclysmic Earth Event? Few people realize that those ‘decision-makers’ have already been instructed in-advance as to ‘what’ they need to do and ‘when’ they need to do it.

AFWA Notifies 350 Military Installations About Earth Disaster Event

Even more frightening is, ‘what’ the U.S. military has ‘already been commanded’ as to ‘how to accomplish’ their “Mission” based on a highly-classified U.S. Presidential Executive Order ( EO ) turning the U.S. population over to U.S. military control. The U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) was also ‘officially designated’ as the “Agency” ‘controlling internet ( cyberspace ) shutdown’, according to the report ( below ) and further researching the capabilities of its ‘subordinate organization’ ( un-named ) “Strategic Center.”

Current Reporting Revelations

This report contains ‘no old news’ but ‘new official U.S. government revelations’, which cause the public to re-think where they are and what is coming. The only information this report does ‘not’ provide publicly are the ‘names’, ‘addresses, ‘phone numbers’, and ‘photographs’ of those ‘key individuals’ whom are ‘already designated’ as those ‘ready’, ‘willing’ and ‘able’ to ‘perform as ordered on-command’ – even if that command is ‘unable to be given’ after a cataclysmic Earth Event!

Reviewers Need To Know

There are only two ( 2 ) ‘official U.S. government reports’ provided ( below ) in this report, which contains internet links to more ‘official information’ on this subject.

Knowing the public at-large, and hot it predominantly enjoys ‘entertaining flowery written articles’ – they never bother to  ‘research’ anything further about’ – this report was purposely kept ‘short and sweet’ ( no flowers – no frills ). It includes an ‘official government article’ that was converted into a ‘very simple outline’, and that is followed-up with yet another ‘official government article’ left as-is. Hopefully, some may consume this report far-easier than others at this website so its point on this subject may be even-better publicly received.

The first ( 1st ) report ( included immediately below ) was ‘thoroughly analyzed’ in its ‘original format’, and then – based on ‘even more detailed official information’ discovered – was ‘re-formatted into an even-more proper perspective’, and – for the sake of making this report far-more easily comprehendible for public review – it was finally ‘converted into a simple outline format’ but only because of the fashion by-which government complicated the original public information release’; saying everything but not saying it very well for the public to easily understand.

The second ( 2nd ) report ( further below ) was left in its ‘original format’ because anyone reviewing it can quickly understand the nature of the ‘true problems’ surrounding what we all are going to be facing soon enough.

You be the judge, as to ‘what’ you will do, to ‘prepare’ for the ‘officially expected’ Earth Event. Enjoy the report ( below ) and be sure to click on the embedded links to learn more about ‘what effects’ are ‘coming’ and ‘what’ the U.S. Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) is preparing for.

Tell a friend about what you review ( below ) and your reply may be, “You can’t trust what you read on the internet.” If anyone does ‘not trust’ this report ( below ) – or anything else on this website – they should click on the ‘official government website links’ ( provided at the bottom of this report, and other links found herein ) – if they are equipped with an ‘attention-span’ ( longer than a bug ) or ‘not easily distracted’ by something as simple as a ‘horn honk’ – then they can ‘research it all’ for themselves and try to prove this information and you are incorrect.

Many will be amazed at how much these official government revelations will help them to prepare for more than ‘entertainment’.

– – – –

Source: United States Air Force ( USAF ) Weather Agency ( AFWA )

Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) 106 Peacekeeper Drive, Suite 2 Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska 68113-4039 USA TEL: +1 (402) 232-8166 ( Public Affairs ) TEL: DSN TEL: 272-8166 ( DSN )

HISTORY –

United States Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – aka – Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) claims heritage extrapolated back to World War I, when the U.S. Army ( USA ) ‘subordinate organization’ Signal Corps ( ASC ) ‘subordinate organization’ “Meteorological Service” ( SCMC ) provided ‘weather support’ for U.S. Army defense aircraft pilots.

Amidst the legacy of the U.S. Secretary of War, ( known ‘today’ as ) U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ), it – having realized its ‘subordinate organization’ U.S. Army had ‘increasing military personnel numbers’ due to an ‘increasing defense stockpile inventory’ of U.S. Army ‘militarized aircraft’ – created a ‘then-new subordinate organization’ known as the U.S. Army ( USA ) Air Corps ( AAC ) that became well-known as the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ).

On July 1, 1937 the U.S. Secretary of War ‘reorganized’ the U.S. Army ‘subordinate organization’ Signal Corps ( ASC ) ‘subordinate organization’ Metereological Service ( MS ) ‘out-of’ the Signal Corps ( SC ) and ‘in-to’ the U.S. Army ( USA ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air Corps ( ASC ) as its ‘then-new subordinate organization’ Meteorological Service ( ACMS ).

On April 14, 1943 the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) ‘subordinate organization’ Meteorological Service ( MS ) was ‘renamed’ “Weather Wing” ( WW ) and ‘physically moved’ to an Asheville, North Carolina location – where ‘today’ the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) has its 14th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) located.

In 1945, the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) Weather Wing ( ACWW ) was ‘renamed’ the U.S. Army Air Corps “Weather Service” ( ACWS ).

In early 1946, the U.S. Army Air Corps Weather Service ( ACWS ) was ‘physically moved’ from Asheville, North Carolina to the U.S. Army Air Corps Langley Field Station – where ‘today’ Langley Air Force Base ( LAFB ) is located.

On March 13, 1946 the U.S. Army Air Corps Weather Service ( ACWS ) was ‘reorganized’ under the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) ‘new subordinate organization’ Air Transport Command ( ATC ) where its ‘then-new subordinate organization’ “Weather Service” ( ACWS ) was ‘renamed’ “Air Weather Service” ( AWS ).

Later-on, in 1946, the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) Air Transport Command ( ATC ) Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was ‘physically moved’ to Gravelly Point, Virginia.

In 1947, the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) was ‘renamed’ United States Air Force ( USAF ) whereupon the “Air Weather Service” ( AWS ) became ‘directly under it’ and assumed ‘sole responsibility’ over ‘all global weather reporting’ and ‘all global weather forecasting’ for ‘both’ the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army.

In 1948, the USAF ‘newly activated’ Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) – ( known ‘today’ as ) Military Airlift Command ( MAC ) – then-received its ‘newly-transferred subordinate organization’ Air Weather Service ( AWS ) that was ‘removed from being directly under’ USAF ‘headquarters’. USAF Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was then ‘physically moved’ to Andrews Air Force Base ( AAFB ) in Maryland.

In 1958, the USAF Military Airlift Command ( MAC ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was then ‘physically moved’ to Scott Air Force Base ( SAFB ) in Illinois where – for almost 40-years – it remained.

In 1991, the USAF Military Airlift Command ( MAC ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was ‘redesignated’ as a “field operating agency” and then ‘reorganized’ directly back under USAF ‘headquarters’.

On October 15, 1997 the USAF Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was ‘redesignated’ as the “Air Force Weather Agency” ( AFWA ) and ‘physically moved’ to Offutt Air Force Base ( OAFB ) in Nebraska where it remains ‘today’ – at least for the moment.

– –

United States Air Force ( USAF )

USAF Weather Agency ( USAFWA )

BUDGET –

$183,000,000 million U.S. dollars ( annually ) includes $98,000,000 million dollars for ‘Operations’ and ‘Maintenance’.

ESTABLISHED –

October 15, 1997.

LOCATION –

Offutt Air Force Base ( OAFB ) in Nebraska ( USA ).

REPORTING –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ), Director of Weather ( DOW ), Deputy Chief of Staff ( DCS ).

MISSION –

Enable U.S. decision makers’ exploitation of all ‘resources’ based-on ‘relevant’ Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) for a ‘global spectrum of military warfare’ by ‘maximizing U.S. power, over:

– Land; – Air; – Space; and, – Internet ( cyberspace ).

PERSONNEL –

1,400 + manned, by:

– Military ( active-duty and reserve ); – Contractors ( government contracts ); and, – Civilians.

ORGANIZATION –

– ? ( # ) Agencies ( staff ); – Two ( 2 ) Weather Groups ( WXG – Coordinators ); – Fourteen + ( 14 + ) Weather Squadrons ( OWS – Directorates ); – Five ( 5 ) Observatories ( solar ); and, – One ( 1 ) Strategic Operation Systems Center ( Unknown – ‘subordinate organization’ ).

– –

USAFWA

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )

DATA –

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) data is ‘collected’ from a variety of ‘information monitoring sources’ ( Earth based and space based locations ) providing a variety of ‘data feed streams’ of information from a computer operated system network out-of a ‘Strategic Center’ processing indications detecting almost any ‘significant natural negative impact’ that ‘could occur’ on ‘people’ and ‘national infractures’ throughout ‘global geographic regions’ and in ‘outerspace’.

SOURCES –

GEI data is provided by, many sources, amongst-which, its ( subordinate ) Strategic Center that processes data through its Computer Operation Systems Network that receives ‘channeled data streams’ from ‘encoded data telemetry’ sent from ‘ground-base sourced’ and ‘space-based sourced’ detection monitors comprised, of:

– Ground Sensors ( infra-red, spectral and sonic );; – Submerged Sensors ( infra-red, spectral and sonic );; – Space-based Sensors ( lightwave, spectral and sonic ); – Long-Range Telescopes ( radio-frequency wave, optical lightwave and sonic ); – Imaging Cameras ( lightwave, spectral and sonic ); and, – Human Observers ( various means ).

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A6 –

The U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Communications Directorate ( ” A6 ” ) ‘provides’ the ‘policy oversight’ and ‘planning  oversight’ of Command, Control, and Communication Intelligence ( C3I ) for the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ).

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Communications Directorate ( A6 ) also ‘provides support’ over ‘daily operations’, ‘contingency actions’, and ‘general’ Command, Control, Communication and Computer Intelligence ( C4I ) for the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ).

– –

USAFWA

Weather Groups ( WXD ) –

Weather Groups ( WXD ) are specifically designated to, coordinate:

– Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) – Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ).

– –

USAFWA

Operational Weather SquadronS ( OWS ) –

STATIONS –

A ‘minimum’ of fourteen ( 14 ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) are on-station ( active ) 24 hours per day 7 days per week 365 weeks per year to mitigate ( handle ) Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) issues.

Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) – also known as – Weather Squadrons ( WS ) are ‘designated’, to:

– ‘Process’ Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) data; and, – ‘Provisionally Distribute’ Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) data.

Operational Weather Squadron Global Environmental Intelligence ( OWS GEI )

– –

2nd Weather Group ( WXD )

2ND WXD

OVERSIGHT –

– 2nd ( Strategic Computing Network Center ) Systems Operations Squadron ( SOS ) – Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska; – 2nd Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) – Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska; and, – 14th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) – Asheville, North Carolina.

2ND WXD Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )

DISTRIBUTION –

– U.S. Agency ‘decision-makers’; – U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) ‘decision-makers’; – U.S. Allied Foreign Nation ‘decision-makers’; and, – U.S. Joint Operations ‘Warfighters’.

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘develops’ and ‘maintains’ the ‘concepts of operations’ for how U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) supports “most weather sensitive” areas of ‘joint capabilities’.

REPORTS –

– Timely; – Relevant; and, – Specialized.

SOURCES –

Solar Observatories ( Detachments – Det. ), four ( 4 ):

Det. 1 ( 2ND WXG SO Detachment 1 – Learmonth, Australia ); Det. 2 ( 2ND WXG SO Detachment 2 – Sagamore Hill, Massachusetts ); Det. 4 ( 2ND WXG SO Detachment 3 – Holloman Air Force Base – New Mexico ); and, Det. 5 ( 2ND WXG SO Detachment 4 – Palehua, Hawaii ).

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘works in conjunction with’ MAJCOM ‘functional counterpart users’ of products, data and services supplied from U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ).

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) is ‘one ( 1 ) agent’ of the ‘lead Command’ for ‘gathering operational requirements’.

USAGES –

– Planning – Military Operation Missions ( global spectrum ); and, – Executing – Military Operation Missions ( global spectrum ).

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘coordinates’ U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) policy issues.

TASKS –

Four ( 4 ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) ‘specifically conduct’ Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ):

– Warnings ( 24-hours / 7-days a week / 365-weeks a year ); – Military Mission Briefings ( 24-hours / 7-days a week / 365-weeks a year ) – Forecasts ( 24-hours / 7-days a week / 365-weeks a year ); and, – Analysis ( 24-hours / 7-days a week / 365-weeks a year ).

PROCESSING –

Strategic Center ( cost: $277,000,000 million dollars ) ‘subordinate organization’, provides:

– Computer System Complex; – Computer System Network Productions; – Computer System Applications; – Computer System Operations; – Computer System Sustainment; and, – Computer System Maintenance.

Air Force Weather Enterprise ( AFWE ) is a ‘computer system’ of the U.S. Department of Defense  (DoD ). AFWE computer system access is ‘restricted’ to members of the United States military ( Active Duty, National Guard, or Reserve Forces), U.S. Government, or U.S. government contractors that do business with the U.S. government and require ‘weather information’.

SPECIAL NOTE(S):

USAF ASO A8 –

The U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Strategic Plans and Programs Directorate ( ” A8 ” ) ‘directs’ the ‘planning’, ‘programming’, ‘budgeting’, ‘development’, ‘acquisition’, ‘engineering’, ‘configuration management’, ‘modification’, ‘installation’, ‘integration’, ‘logistics’ and ‘life cycle maintenance support’ over ‘all’ of the ‘computer processing equipment’ and over ‘all’ of the ‘standard weather systems’.

– –

USAFWA

1st Weather Group ( 1ST WXG ) Directorate

1ST WXG

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )

GEI DISTRIBUTION –

The USAF Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) 1st Weather Group ( 1ST WXG ) Directorate uses ‘four’ ( 4 ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) ready 24-hours a day 7-days a week 365-days a year to provide its Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) notification distributions to U.S. ‘military forces’ ( see military branches below ) at 350 ‘specific installations’ located in ‘five’ ( 5 ) Continental United States ( CONUS ) Regions.

OWS GEI NOTIFICATION REGIONS –

SOUTHEASTERN ( CONUS )

9th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) Shaw Air Force Base South Carolina

9TH OWS – Notifies:

– U.S. Air Force; – U.S. Air Force Reserve; – U.S. Air Force National Guard; – U.S. Army; – U.S. Army Reserve; and, – U.S. Army National Guard.

NORTHERN ( CONUS ) AND, NORTHEASTERN ( CONUS )

15th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) Scott Air Force Base Illinois

15TH OWS – Notifies ( Both Regions ):

– U.S. Air Force; – U.S. Air Force Reserve; – U.S. Air Force National Guard; – U.S. Army; – U.S. Army Reserve; and, – U.S. Army National Guard.

WESTERN ( CONUS )

25th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) Davis-Monthan Air Force Base Tucson, Arizona

25TH OWS – Notifies:

– U.S. Air Force; – U.S. Air Force Reserve; – U.S. Air Force National Guard; – U.S. Army; – U.S. Army Reserve; and, – U.S. Army National Guard.

SOUTHERN ( CONUS )

26th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) Barksdale Air Force Base Louisiana

26TH OWS – Notifies:

– U.S. Air Force; – U.S. Air Force Reserve; – U.S. Air Force National Guard; – U.S. Army; – U.S. Army Reserve; and, – U.S. Army National Guard.

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘works with’ USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) staff to integrate U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) Continental Operations ( CONOPS ) with U.S. Air Force ‘plans’ and ‘Programs’.

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘assists’ in the ‘exploitation of weather information’ for ‘warfighting operations’.

– –

The aforementioned four ( 4 ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) additionally, provide:

– USAF Weather Agency officer ‘upgrade’ training; and, – Apprentice forecaster ‘initial’ qualification.

– –

USAFWA Manpower & Personnel Directorate ( A1 ) ‘provides’ the global spectrum, of:

– Manpower; – Organization; – Personnel; and, – Training.

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘oversees’ and ‘executes’ U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) Standardization and Evaluation Program for ‘Weather Operations’.

U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘assists’ the USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) staff with managing U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) the ‘process’ of ‘career field-training’ by ‘obtaining training’ and ‘implementing training’ to meet ‘career field-training requirements’.

– –

USAF

Air Force Combat Weather Center ( USAFCWC – aka – AFCWC )

USAF Combat Weather Center ( Hurlburt Field, Florida ) ‘develops’, ‘evaluates’, ‘exploits’ and ‘implements’ a variety of ‘new tactics’, ‘new techniques’, ‘new procedures’ and ‘new technologies’ across U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) ‘enhancing effectiveness’ for U.S.  military force branches, of the:

U.S. Special Forces; U.S. Joint Operations; U.S. Combined Operations; U.S. Air Force; and, U.S. Army.

– – – –

Source: Global Security

Space

AFNS

Space Weather Team Readies For Upcoming Solar Max by, Ryan Hansen ( 55th Wing Public Affairs )

February 25, 2011

NEBRASKA, Offutt Air Force Base – February 25, 2011 – Solar Maximum may sound like the name of a super hero, but it’s certainly no comic book or 3-D movie. Solar Maximum is actually the name for the Sun’s most active period in the solar cycle, consistently producing solar emissions, solar flares and sun spots.

For a little background on the sun’s activities, the star goes through roughly 11-year cycles of where it is very active and also relatively calm. The Sun’s last Solar Maximum occurred in 2000 and it is expected to awaken from its current solar minimum and get more active this year.

According to the members of the 2nd Weather Squadron ( WS ), an active sun can cause all sorts of problems for us. “Solar weather plays a huge part in the warfighter’s mission,” said Staff Sgt. Matthew Money, a forecaster with the space weather flight. “Impacts from solar weather can cause radio blackouts, satellite communication failure, satellite orbit changes, satellite surface charging, or short circuits, and radar clutter.”

That is why the squadron’s worldwide space weather team of roughly 50 active-duty members, civilians and contractors continually analyze, forecast and provide alert notifications for the entire U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ), as well as a slew of other government agencies.

“When ‘space weather’ causes impacts to earth that meet or exceed warning thresholds our end users are informed within minutes,” said Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lash, space weather flight forecaster. We send out warning bulletins through a computerized distribution system, [ and ] we have other graphical products that show what happened in the past 6-hours around the globe as well as what we expect to happen in the upcoming 6-hours,” he said.

Members of the 2nd Weather Squadron [ OWS ] rely on five ( 5 ) ground-based Solar Observatories, as well as a network of satellites orbiting the earth, to accomplish their mission.

“There aren’t too many opportunities to be the Air Force’s sole provider of something,” said Lt. Colonel Jim Jones, 2nd Weather Squadron [ OWS ] Commander. “In this case, the mission is unique to the entire DoD.”

Solar Observatories are ‘strategically placed’ around the globe in such places, as:

– Australia; – Hawaii; – Italy; – Massachusetts; and, – New Mexico.

They include both optical telescopes and radio telescopes and ensure the Weather Squadron always has one eye, or ear, on the sun.

“The optical telescope network monitors solar surface features,” said Master Sgt. Shane McIntire, the space weather flight chief. “It automatically tracks the sun and directs light to the instruments, which collect data and are controlled by computers. It scans specific regions at a rate of at least twice per minute.”

Through filtered lenses space weather analysts are able to perform flare patrol and view sunspots to determine the magnetic complexity of the region.

“The telescope has special filters that isolate a single optical wavelength,” said Master Sgt. Shane Siebert, who leads the Detachment 4 solar observatory for the 2nd Weather Squadron at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. This wavelength ( 6563 angstroms ) is called ‘hydrogen alpha’ ( H-Alpha ) where the majority of solar activity occurs,” he said, “Analysts monitor this wavelength from sunrise to sunset, and are looking for specific signatures that may lead to solar flares and other adverse activity.”

But not all of the sun’s activities can be captured using optical telescopes.

Some events have a unique radio-frequency signature that can also be measured.

Using a mixture of technology from the 1970s to the present day, radio observatories are able to monitor frequencies in the 25 MhZ to 180 megahertz range, as well as eight ( 8 ) other discrete frequencies. Their digitized output is collected by a computer and then processed and analyzed for solar activity.

“We actually are able to detect the specific strength at a given radio frequency,” said Major Bradley Harbaugh, who commands the Detachment 5 solar observatory for the 2nd Weather Squadron [ OWS ] at Palehua, Hawaii. What we detect are energetic solar emissions in [ specific ] frequency bands or ranges. When detected, we [ are able to describe ] the start time, duration, intensity and type of solar emission. This helps describe the potential impacts by identifying the characteristics of what may impact earth,” he said.

Identifying these solar emissions is crucial to warfighter communication abilities.

“If there is solar energy that increases on your frequency, you can try to talk into your radio, but the noise from the sun will be stronger than your transmission, therefore drowning-out what you are saying,” Major Harbaugh said, “As an operator, you can increase your radio power to try and ‘out-broadcast’ the sun but you are also now broadcasting over a much larger area, making your transmission more susceptible to enemy detection. Therefore, the Sun’s impact must be a consideration when planning a mission.”

The Weather Squadron network of satellites includes those owned and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ), National Aeronautic and Space Administration ( NASA ) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) that include a combination of systems that are dedicated solely to space weather as well as a few utilizing space weather sensors.

“We gather a significant amount of data from satellites,” Sergeant McIntire said. “Imagery from [ satellites ] can augment the ground-based network, providing real-time monitoring of solar features at wavelengths that can’t be seen from the ground.”

Data from all of these sources combined, are continually pushed to the space weather operations center at the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) here.

With this information in hand, the Weather Squadron can produce the most reliable space weather forecast possible, however even with all of this data, producing a space weather forecast is still much more difficult than creating one for terrestrial weather.

“Space weather is a terribly difficult science and it takes a lot of training and experience,” Colonel Jones said.

“Space weather forecasting is very reactive,” Sergeant Money said. “The ‘knowledge and tools are not quite up to par in order to do accurate forecasting’ like we do here on Earth.”

It is also important to note that today the world is much more reliant on space-based assets than they were during the last Solar Maximum, officials said. With cellphones, portable navigation devices and satellite television receivers, all part of our daily lives, a huge solar weather event could wreak havoc on quite a few different platforms.

“The impact of a solar storm in 2000 was probably not as great, due to the lower density of space technology, and the limited number of consumers utilizing the data,” Major Harbaugh said, “However, the ripple from a ‘major solar event now will more likely be felt across a much broader consumer base’ [ the public ] since there are many more assets and many more users of space data.”

However, with improved technology and an increased knowledge of the sun’s activities, the Weather Squadron ( WS ) is more prepared than ever for the upcoming Solar Maximum, Colonel Jones said. “Since the last solar maximum, we’ve upgraded most of our numerical models in terms of both their basic science and the data they ingest,” he said. “That’s a direct result of the advances in sensors and the technology that enables rapid data transfer. We can react faster and see farther than ever before.”

“We already have members within the unit developing forecast techniques based on signatures we see on the sensors,” Sergeant Money said.

So it’s a safe bet, that ‘the next 2-years’ will be ‘hectic’ for the 2nd Weather Squadron [ OWS ].

Their mission, to provide ‘situational awareness to key decision-makers’ will certainly keep ‘them’ busy.

“In the last 30-days alone ( February 2011 ), we’ve had [ more than 30 ] reportable [ solar ] energy events,” Major Harbaugh said. “The workload has ‘already increased’ and ‘will continue to do so’ for probably ‘the next 1-year’ or ’2-years’.”

“About 1-year ago, it was not uncommon for an analyst to only have one ( 1 ) very small Solar Region of the Sun to monitor,” Sergeant Siebert said. “Today, it is normal for analysts to keep fairly busy monitoring 4 Solar Regions to 6 Solar Regions. Studies, of the last Solar Maximum, show that typically 1-day included twenty-two ( 22 ) active Solar Regions – almost 4 times our current workload,” he added.

Regardless, Weather Squadron [ OWS ] ‘space weather’ analysts, forecasters and technicians globally are ready for the upcoming solar fury [ see, e.g. Solar Energetic Particle Event ], Colonel Jones said.

– – – –

The U.S. Air Force obviously needs ‘far-more’:

– More personnel for U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) Weather Group ( WXD ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) effortings;

– Independent ’governing board’ or ‘blue ribbon watchdog committee’ overseeing an ’independent monitoring agency’ placing the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) and its USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) under an independent ‘microscope’; and,

– Public Transparency notifications, would also be nice, but then…

– – – –

Source: MSNBC.COM

Huge Solar Flare’s Magnetic Storm May Disrupt Satellites, Power Grids

March 7, 2012 13:19 p.m. Eastern Standard Time ( EST )

A massive solar flare that erupted from the Sun late Tuesday ( March 6, 2012 ) is unleashing one of the most powerful solar storms in more than 5-years, ‘a solar tempest that may potentially interfere with satellites in orbit and power grids when it reaches Earth’.

“Space weather has gotten very interesting over the last 24 hours,” Joseph Kunches, a space weather scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), told reporters today ( March 7, 2012 ). “This was quite the Super Tuesday — you bet.”

Several NASA spacecraft caught videos of the solar flare as it hurled a wave of solar plasma and charged particles, called a Coronal mass Ejection ( CME ), into space. The CME is not expected to hit Earth directly, but the cloud of charged particles could deliver a glancing blow to the planet.

Early predictions estimate that the Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) will reach Earth tomorrow ( March 8, 2012 ) at 07:00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time ( EST ), with the ‘effects likely lasting for 24-hours and possibly lingering into Friday ( March 9, 2012 )’, Kunches said.

The solar eruptions occurred late Tuesday night ( March 6, 2012 ) when the sun let loose two ( 2 ) huge X-Class solar flares that ‘ranked among the strongest type’ of sun storms. The biggest of those 2 flares registered as an X Class Category 5.4 solar flare geomagnetic storm on the space weather scale, making it ‘the strongest sun eruption so far this year’.

Typically, Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) contain 10,000,000,000 billion tons of solar plasma and material, and the CME triggered by last night’s ( March 6, 2012 ) X-Class Category 5.4 solar flare is ‘the one’ that could disrupt satellite operations, Kunches said.

“When the shock arrives, the expectation is for heightened geomagnetic storm activity and the potential for heightened solar radiation,” Kunches said.

This heightened geomagnetic activity and increase in solar radiation could impact satellites in space and ‘power grids on the ground’.

Some high-precision GPS ( Global Positioning Satellite ) users could also be affected, he said.

“There is the potential for ‘induced currents in power grids’,” Kunches said. “‘Power grid operators have all been alerted’. It could start to ’cause some unwanted induced currents’.”

Airplanes that fly over the polar caps could also experience communications issues during this time, and some commercial airliners have already taken precautionary actions, Kunches said.

Powerful solar storms can also be hazardous to astronauts in space, and NOAA is working close with NASA’s Johnson Space Center to determine if the six ( 6 ) spacecraft residents of the International Space Station ( ISS ) need to take shelter in more protected areas of the orbiting laboratory, he added.

The flurry of recent space weather events could also supercharge aurora displays ( also known as the Northern Lights and Southern Lights ) for sky-watchers at high latitudes.

“Auroras are probably the treat that we get when the sun erupts,” Kunches said.

Over the next couple days, Kunches estimates that brightened auroras could potentially be seen as far south as the southern Great Lakes region, provided the skies are clear.

Yesterday’s ( March 6, 2012 ) solar flares erupted from the giant active sunspot AR1429, which spewed an earlier X Class Category 1.1 solar flare on Sunday ( March 4, 2012 ). The CME from that one ( 1 ) outburst mostly missed Earth, passing Earth by last night ( March 6, 2012 ) at around 11 p.m. EST, according to the Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ), which is jointly managed by NOAA and the National Weather Service ( NWS ).

This means that the planet ( Earth ) is ‘already experiencing heightened geomagnetic and radiation effects in-advance’ of the next oncoming ( March 8, 2012 thru March 9, 2012 ) Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ).

“We’ve got ‘a whole series of things going off’, and ‘they take different times to arrive’, so they’re ‘all piling on top of each other’,” Harlan Spence, an astrophysicist at the University of New Hampshire, told SPACE.com. “It ‘complicates the forecasting and predicting’ because ‘there are always inherent uncertainties with any single event’ but now ‘with multiple events piling on top of one another’, that ‘uncertainty grows’.”

Scientists are closely monitoring the situation, particularly because ‘the AR1429 sunspot region remains potent’. “We think ‘there will be more coming’,” Kunches said. “The ‘potential for more activity’ still looms.”

As the Sun rotates, ‘the AR1429 region is shifting closer to the central meridian of the solar disk where flares and associated Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) may ‘pack more a punch’ because ‘they are more directly pointed at Earth’.

“The Sun is waking up at a time in the month when ‘Earth is coming into harms way’,” Spence said. “Think of these ‘CMEs somewhat like a bullet that is shot from the sun in more or less a straight line’. ‘When the sunspot is right in the middle of the sun’, something ‘launched from there is more or less directed right at Earth’. It’s kind of like how getting sideswiped by a car is different than ‘a head-on collision’. Even still, being ‘sideswiped by a big CME can be quite dramatic’.” Spence estimates that ‘sunspot region AR 1429 will rotate past the central meridian in about 1-week’.

The sun’s activity ebbs and flows on an 11-year cycle. The sun is in the midst of Solar Maximum Cycle 24, and activity is expected to ramp up toward the height of the Solar Maximum in 2013.

Reference

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46655901/

– – – –

Cordially submitted for review and commentary by,

 

Kentron Intellect Research Vault ( KIRV )
E-MAIL: KentronIntellectResearchVault@Gmail.Com
WWW: http://KentronIntellectResearchVault.WordPress.Com

/

/

Research References

http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=157&page=1
https://login.afwa.af.mil/register/
https://login.afwa.af.mil/amserver/UI/Login?goto=https%3A%2F%2Fweather.afwa.af.mil%3A443%2FHOST_HOME%2FDNXM%2FWRF%2Findex.html
http://conceptactivityresearchvault.wordpress.com/2011/01/02/solar-energetic-particle-event-effects
http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/news/2011/space-110225-afns01.htm
http://www.wrf-model.org/plots/wrfrealtime.php

 

Secret HFSE Properties Part 1

[ PHOTO ( above ): HFSE Super-Conducting Electro-Magnetic Pyroclastic Magma – Iceland volcano eruption ( click image to enlarge ) ]

Secret HFSE Properties – Part 1
Emerging Superconducting Magnetic Element Properties
by, Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV )

December 1, 2011 16:08: 42 (PST ) Updated ( Originally Published: December 9, 2010 )

CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles – December 1, 2011 – In 1961, BELL LABORATORIES ( USA ) physicist Eugene Kunzler and co-workers discovered that niobium–tin continued exhibition of superconductivity while in the presence of strong electric currents and magnetic fields, which made niobium-tin the first [ 1st ] material used to support High Field Strength ( HFS ) electrical currents and magnetic field strengths necessary for use in high-power electro-magnets and electrical power machines.

20-years later, the aforementioned discovery allowed production of niobium doped metallic wire wrapped into multi-strand form cables wound into coils creating powerful electro-magnetic force applications seen in particle accelerators, particle detectors, and rotating machines.

High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Niobium ( Nb ) holds far greater use from such properties than most professionals and the public realize so, before advancing any further on this subject, a basic foundation of understanding on such materials, elements and their valuable properties must be realized about this ‘extremely old Earth energy resource’, ‘how to harvest it ( from its original molten state )’, ‘how to capture and contain its volatile properties’, and then ‘transform it into applications’ for transportation – ‘yet unrealized factual knowledge’ on this extremely low-cost extremely powerful high-energy resource.

Niobium ( Nb ) –

[ photo ( above ): Niobium ( .9995 fine) crystals ( click to enlarge ) ]

Titanmagnetite (aka) Titanomagnetite mineral, under Fluorescent X-Ray Spectrography ( XRS ), holds detected high measurements [ from 350 ppm ( parts per million ) up to 1,000 ppm ] of the geochemical High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Niobium [ Nb ].

‘Where’ does such a ‘mineral’ ( titanmagnetite ) ‘element’ ( niobium ) originate? Volcanic magma.

‘Where’ are specific locations holding volcanic magma Niobium element properties that possess even ’higher field strength’ magnetics – ‘at least’ six ( 6 ) times greater? The Mariana Trench or other ultra-deep sea continental plate arc locations where volcanoes exist either ‘quite active’ or ‘somewhat dormant’.

Readers may begin to awaken from any slumber when they realize that ultra-deep sea ground trench ( arc ) volcano magma, naturally located nearer to the planet Earth molten liquid superconducting magnetic High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) ’core’, sees element properties of Niobium absorbing far purer forms of High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) magnetic properties while within its ‘natural molten liquid state’. Interestingly, nowhere else ‘above ultra-deep sea Earth elevations’ obtain more natural energy power.

How can such a volatile molten resource be ‘excavated’ while simultaneously being isolated from any exposure to contaminations from ‘seawater’, ‘oxygen’ or other environmentals to harness high-energy properties?

The molten material would  additionally have to be placed into a likewise uncontaminated ‘ultra-clean chamber’, whereupon after transport, ’high-energy properties extraction’ must undergo a ‘seamless application process’ for utilization.

What type of use? More basic fundamentals must be initially understood so, let’s begin by taking a look at what’s bubbling out of ultra-deep sea volcano vents and instantly becoming contaminated by seawater ( below ):

[ photo ( above ): Ultra-Deep Sea Trench Arc Volcanic Magma Vent ( click to enlarge ) ]

Preliminary report Part 1 ( herein ) displays a photograph of an above-ground volcano eruption in Iceland experiencing plenty of superconducting High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) property fireworks, however far too little information is ever realized by the public about what ultra-deep sea trench arc volcano magmatic material element properties hold ‘naturally’ as primary key elements to a variety of other advancements.

Volcanic magma, in later stage differentiation, sees Niobium [ Nb ] and Titanium [ Ti ] ratios ‘increase’ five [ 5 ] to six [ 6 ] times above normal ( dry magma melts ).

To comprehend this, along with the importance of harnessing natural Earth high-energy magnetic properties, a basic understanding must be reached from what science, physics and astrophysics indications always seem to avoid for the public.

The purpose of this preliminary report Part 1 is to bring rare knowledge into better public understanding while stimulating solution-minded professionals wishing more done.

Have scientists, physicists, and astrophysicists ‘missed some major solution’ in their discoveries? Are portions of certain discoveries ‘kept quite’ considering serious repercussions? While highly doubtful that any small discovery having a major impact missed any application outlook, ramifications nevertheless are considered by professionals on whether a socio-economic impact will allowed to be proven helpful or otherwise.

Good advice may be to buckle your seatbelt because you are about to venture into some information few have ever known about. Whether most of those reading this may be able to absorb this information ( below ) now, or later, it is suspected that after much easier reading comes in Part 2 through Part 5, most will probably refer back to Part 1 ( herein ).

– – – –

Preliminary Report ( Part 1 of 5 )

Introduction –

High Field Strength Elements ( HFSE )

Niobium

Niobium enrichment, is possible, using two ( 2 ) natural rock-forming minerals:

– Titanmagnetite [ 350 ppm – 1000 ppm Nb ( Niobium ) ]; and, – Kaersutite [ 38 ppm – 50 ppm Nb ( Niobium ) ].

General Information:

Rock-forming Minerals: Titanmagnetite ( element symbols: Ttn/Mag ), and Kaersutite ( Krs ). Elements [ symbols ]: Titanite ( Ttn ), Magnetite ( Mag ) Geochemical Element [ symbols ]: Niobium ( Nb )

Studies & Resolutions –

Subject: Natural High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Materials

Titanmagnetite [ Ttn/Mag ] is a natural super-magnetic mineral, that later experiences a geochemical alteration reducing its magnetic High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Niobium ( Nb ) properties, as it exits ultra-deep sea arc volcanic magma influenced by hydrothermal fluid seawater ( see “Findings” below ). In its natural magma state where Titanmagnetite ( Ti/Mag ) holds its 6 [ X ] times greater High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Niobium ( Nb ) than above-ground.

Niobium ( Nb ) High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) properties can be enhanced even greater by adding only one ( 1 ) mineral, Kaersutite ( Krs ).

For applications, extracting this natural combinatoric high-energy power may not easily be obtained.

Extraction Processes: Capturing Natural High Field Strength Elements ( HFSE )

Obtaining these properties may be resolved, however while natural initial ingress of high-temperature ( Tave 713° C to Tave 722° C ) fluid occurences at liquid melts [ magma ] have seen amphibole-plagioclase thermometry suggests ‘fracture and grain’ boundary ‘permeability’ – with seawater derived fluids – ‘open’ over similar temperature interval, however venturing into ultra-deep sea trench arcs and then burroughing into natural state volcanic magma dome vents capturing natural essence of titanmagnetite, and then containing it for processing HFSE properties further may be difficult so, is there an alternative to this type of extraction?

Above-ground experiment observations see major trace geochemical element fractionation trends in bulk rocks and minerals reproduced by Rayleigh fractional crystallization from dry [ magma ] melts ( < 0.5 wt. % H2O ) with oxygen fugacities of one [ 1 ] unit below the Quartz [ Qtz ] – Fayalite [ Fa ] – Magnetite [ Mag ] buffer ( QFM – 1 ).

[ photo ( above ): NASA Astrophysics Data System ( ADS ) ]

Preliminary Findings ( A – F  – below ) –

– – – –

A.

[ NOTE: Titanmagnetite mineral geochemical element Niobium … ]

Source: NASA Astrophysics Data System ( NADS ) [ Harvard University, access: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect ]

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 29, Issue 8, pp.807-820

DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(65)90081-5

Bibliographic Code: 1965GeCoA..29..807H

Die verteilung des niobs in den gesteinen und mineralen der alkalibasalt-assoziation der hocheifel by, Hans Gerhard Huckenholz

Publication Date: August 1965

Abstract –

Niobium [ Nb ] contents are determined by the method of fluorescent X-ray spectrography [ FXRS ] for several rock types from the Tertiary Hocheifel volcanic province ( Western Germany ).

Alkalic olivine basalt, contains:

65 ppm Niobium [ Nb ] ( 7 samples );  69 ppm hawaiite ( 4 samples );  86 ppm mugearite ( 3 samples );  95 ppm trachyte ( 5 samples ); 77 ppm basanitoid ( 6 samples );  65 ppm ankaramite ( 2 samples ); 110 ppm hauyne-bearing alkali basalt ( 2 samples ); and,  86 ppm a monchiquite dike.

Niobium enrichment, is observed in the alkalic olivine basalt trachyte [ magma ] series where, in later stage differentiation, Nb [ Niobium ] / Ti ratio increases five [ 5 ] to six [ 6 ] times.

Alkalic olivine basalt magma, however becomes poorer [ less rich ] in niobium [ Nb ] by accumulation of:

– olivine [ 10 ppm Nb ( niobium ) ]; and, – clinopyroxene [ 20 ppm Nb ( niobium ) ].

Enrichment of niobium [ Nb ] is possible by taking-up titanmagnetite ( 350 ppm – 1000 ppm Nb [ Niobium ] ) and kaersutite ( 38 ppm – 50 ppm Nb [ niobium ] ) without olivine and clinopyroxene ( ankaramite HF 5, and the basanitoids ).

The most Nb [ Niobium ] bearing rock-forming mineral is titanmagnetite, containing 65%  to 85% niobium ( in volcanic rock ), however ground-mass clinopyroxene has contents of Niobium [ Nb ] up to 45 ppm, and feldspars have contents of Nb [ Niobium ] up to 67 ppm.

Reference

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965GeCoA..29..807H

– – – –

B.

[ NOTE: ICP-MS analysis on trace geochemical element ( Niobium, etc. ) enrichment ( 5X greater than normal ) … ]

Source: NASA Astrophysics Data System ( NADS ) [ Harvard University, access: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect ]

Publication Date: December 2008

Title: Trace Element Geochemistry including the HFSE in Magnetites of Calc-Alkaline Plutons: the Tanzawa Complex of the Izu – Bonin – Mariana Arc and the Ladakh Batholith Complex, NW Himalaya

Authors: Basu, A. R.; Ghatak, A.; Arima, M.; Srimal, N.

Affiliation:

AA ( University of Rochester, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, United States; abasu@earth.rochester.edu ); AB ( University of Rochester, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 227 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, United States; arun@earth.rochester.edu ); AC ( Yokohama National University, Division of Natural and Environmental Information, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan; arima@ed.ynu.ac.jp ); AD ( Florida International University, Department of Earth Sciences PC 344, University Park 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Fl 33199, United States; srimal@fiu.edu ).

Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract #V33C-2228

Origin: AGU

AGU Keywords: 1020 Composition of the continental crust, 1031 Subduction zone processes ( 3060, 3613, 8170, 8413 ), 1036 Magma chamber processes ( 3618 ), 1042 Mineral and crystal chemistry ( 3620 ), 1065 Major and trace element geochemistry

Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.V33C2228B

Abstract

In this study we attempt to contribute to the understanding of a prominent feature, namely the Nb [ Niobium ] – Ta [ Tantalum ] depletion, in arc magmatic trace element geochemistry.

Traditionally, this depletion is explained by residual mantle-wedge phases with Nb [ Niobium ] and Ta [ Tantalum ] affinities, such as titaniferous ilmenite [ Ilm ], rutile [ Rt ] or titanite [ Ttn ], or by an amphibole.

Here, we propose a mechanism – long advocated – to explain the calc-alkaline trend ( Bowen vs. Fenner ) in MgO – FeO ( total Fe ) – ( Na2O + K2O ) ternary diagram by early crystallization and separation of magnetite in ‘subduction zone magmas’ associated with ‘high oxygen’ fugacity ‘environments’.

In support of our hypothesis, we provide high-precision multiple trace element data, including the High Field Strength Elements ( HFSE ), in separated magnetites and mafic mineral phases from mafic ‘magmatic enclaves’ associated with ‘tonalite suites’ of two [ 2 ] different ‘magmatic arcs’, the:

– Tanzawa Complex of the Izu-Tanzawa Collision Zone in Japan; and, – Ladakh Batholith Complex of NW Himalayas.

The Tanzawa Complex is composed of diverse rock suites with SiO2 varying from 43% – 75%, ranging from hornblende gabbro through tonalite to leuco-tonalite. The geochemical characteristics of low K – tholeiites, enrichment of Large Ion Lithophile Elements ( LILE ), and depletion of HFSE [ High Field Strength Elements ] in rocks of this plutonic complex are similar to those observed in the volcanic rocks of the IBM arc.

The Ladakh batholith Complex is one of the granitic belts exposed north of the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone in Ladakh, representing calc-alkaline plutonism related to the subduction of the Neotethys floor in Late Cretaceous. This batholith comprises predominantly I-type granites with whole rock delta delta 18O values of 5.7-7.4 per mil, without major contribution from continental crustal material.

In separated magnetites, from five [ 5 ] gabbros of the Tanzawa tonalite-gabbro complex and from three [ 3 ] tonalitic gabbros of the Ladakh batholith, we analyzed 22 trace elements by ICP-MS, including:

Nb [ Niobium ]; Ta [ Tantalum ]; Hf [ Hafnium ]; and, Zr [ Zirconium ].

In NMORB [ N Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt ] normalized plots, the trace element patterns of all the magnetites analyzed show enrichment ( 5X NMORB ), in:

Nb [ Niobium ]; Ta [ Tantalum ]; Pb [ Lead ]; Sr [ Strontium ]; and, ( 2X NMORB ), in: Zr [ Zirconium ] with characteristically high Nb [ Niobium ], Ta [ Tantalum ] and Zr[ Zirconium ] / Hf [ Hafnium ] ratios.

In contrast, the patterns show anomalously low ( less than 0.1 NMORB ), in:

La [ Lanthanum ]; Ce [ Cesium ]; Pr [ Praseodymium ]; Nd [ Neodymium ]; Sm [ Samarium ]; and, Hf [ Hafnium ] concentrations.

It is noteworthy that in the normalized trace element plot, all the magnetites show ‘high’ Nb [ Niobium ] / Ta ratios, and in contrast with high Ta / Nb [ Niobium ] ratios were observed in typical arc [ volcanic ] magmas.

These data support our hypothesis, that:

Magmatic crystallization, of Fe [ Iron ] – Ti [ Titanium ] oxides ( under high oxygen fugacity conditions ) during ‘initial crystallization and formation’ ( of the Izu-Bonin and Ladakh-type arc batholiths ) may be the primary cause of depletion of HFSE [ High Field Strength Elements ] in later magmatic differentiates of less mafic and more felsic granitic arc rocks.

Query Results from the ADS Database

Retrieved 1 abstracts, starting with number 1.

Total number selected: 1.

@ARTICLE{2008AGUFM.V33C2228B,

author = {{ Basu }, A.~R. and {Ghatak}, A. and { Arima }, M. and { Srimal }, N. }

title = “{ Trace Element Geochemistry including the HFSE in Magnetites of Calc-Alkaline Plutons: the Tanzawa Complex of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc and the Ladakh Batholith Complex, NW Himalaya }”

journal = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts},

keywords = {1020 Composition of the continental crust, 1031 Subduction zone processes (3060, 3613, 8170, 8413), 1036 Magma chamber processes (3618), 1042 Mineral and crystal chemistry (3620), 1065 Major and trace element geochemistry},

year = 2008, month = dec, pages = { C2228+ }

ADS url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.V33C2228B ADS note = Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System

Reference

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.V33C2228B

– – – –

C.

[ NOTE: multi-domain topographic elevation studies on magnetite [ Mag ] and hydrothermal fluid affection … ]

Publication Date: December 2007

Title: Spatial Distribution of Magnetic Susceptibility in the Mt. Barcroft Granodiorite, White Mountains, California: Implications for Arc Magmatic Processes

Authors: Michelsen, K. J.; Ferre, E. C.; Law, R. D.; Boyd, J. D.; Ernst, G. W.; de Saint-Blanquat, M.

Affiliation:

AA ( Virginia Tech, Department of Geosciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States ; kmichels@vt.edu ); AB ( Southern Illinois University, Department of Geology, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States ; eferre@geo.siu.edu );’ AC ( Virginia Tech, Department of Geosciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States ; rdlaw@vt.edu ); AD ( Southern Illinois University, Department of Geology, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States ; jdboyd77@yahoo.com ); AE ( Stanford University, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305, United States ; ernst@geo.stanford.edu ); AF ( Universite Paul Sabatier, LMTG, Toulouse, 31400, France ; michel@lmtg.obs-mip.fr ).

Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract #T11B-0567   Origin: AGU

AGU Keywords: 1020 Composition of the continental crust, 3640 Igneous petrology, 3660 Metamorphic petrology, 8104 Continental margins: convergent, 8170 Subduction zone processes ( 1031, 3060, 3613, 8413 )

Bibliographic Code: 2007AGUFM.T11B0567M

Abstract

The petrographic or chemical zonation of plutons, has been widely studied and used to constrain petrogenetic processes and emplacement mechanisms.

The time involved in modal data collection, as well as the cost of chemical analyses, makes the search for pluton-scale zoning patterns the exception rather than the norm in ‘magmatic arc studies’, however magnetic susceptibility ( Km ) of plutonic rocks – both magnetite bearing and magnetite free – can be an invaluable tool to quickly assess the internal organization of any pluton.

New field observations, new magnetic mineral data, and reprocessed Km data on the Barcroft granodiorite pluton ( White Mountains, California ) are presented.

The average Km of 660 specimens from 76 stations ranges from 140 x 10-6 [ SI ] to 75000 x 10-6 [ SI ] with an average at about 16800 x 10-6 [ SI ].

The distribution of Km is unimodal.

The hysteresis parameters of the Barcroft rocks indicate that Km is controlled mainly by multi-domain magnetite.

The contribution of mafic silicates ( biotite and hornblende ) to Km ranges from 0.4 to 99%, with an average at about 1.8%.

As in many other ferromagnetic ( i.e. magnetite – bearing ) plutons, Km variations reflect different amounts of magnetite which itself results from petrographic variations.

This is supported by the positive correlation between major oxide variations ( e.g., SiO2, FeO ) and Km.

A new Km map of the Barcroft pluton shows several important features including, a:

(a) Low Km zone in the SW corner of the pluton, near areas that exhibit economic mineralization possibly related to hydrothermal fluids;

(b) Few isolated anomalies that may be attributed to transformation of normal magnetite into lodestone;

(c) North south high Km ridge that could possibly result from local mingling between the main granodiorite rock type and syn-plutonic mafic dikes;

(d) Broad reverse Km zonation ( i.e. higher Km in the centre ); and,

(e) Possible ‘positive correlation between Km’ and ‘topographic elevation ( between 5,000 and 13,000 feet )’, which could be explained by a higher fO2 at a higher structural level in the chamber.

These preliminary results suggest that, the:

(1) Syn-plutonic diking may play a significant role in the geochemical differentiation of granodiorite plutons;

(2) Classic dichotomy between ilmenite [ Ilm ] series and magnetite [ Mag ] series of granitoids might at least – to some extent – depend on the ‘exposure level’ if such intrusions are confirmed to be vertically differentiated; and,

(3) Mapping Km in a ferromagnetic pluton can be an efficient tool to constrain its internal organization.

Reference

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.T11B0567M

– – – –

D.

[ NOTE: geochemistry and petrology of deep oceanic crust geothermal high-temperature ( Tave 713° C to Tave 722° C ) fluids … ]

Source: NASA Astrophysics Data System ( NADS ) [ Harvard University, access: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect ]

Publication Date: November 2002

Title: Petrology and geochemistry of the lower ocean crust formed at the East Pacific Rise and exposed at Hess Deep: A synthesis and new results

Authors: Coogan, L. A.; Gillis, K. M.; MacLeod, C. J.; Thompson, G. M.; Hékinian, R.

Publication: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Volume 3, Issue 11, pp. 1, CiteID 8604, DOI 10.1029/2001GC000230 (GGG Homepage)

Origin: AGU [ http://www.agu.org ]

AGU Keywords: Marine Geology and Geophysics: Midocean ridge processes, Mineralogy, Petrology, and Mineral Physics: Igneous petrology, Mineralogy, Petrology, and Mineral Physics: Metamorphic petrology, Mineralogy, Petrology, and Mineral Physics: Minor and trace element composition.

Bibliographic Code: 2002GGG….3kQ…1C

Abstract

The geochemistry and petrology of the lower oceanic crust record information about the compositions of melts extracted from the mantle, how these melts mix and crystallize, and the role of hydrothermal circulation in this portion of the crust.

Unfortunately, lower oceanic crust formed at fast spreading ridges is rarely exposed at the seafloor making it difficult to study these processes.

At Hess Deep, crust formed at the East Pacific Rise ( EPR ) is exposed due to the propagation of the Cocos-Nazca spreading center westward.

Here we review our state of knowledge of the petrology of lower crustal material from Hess Deep, and document new mineral major and trace element compositions, amphibole-plagioclase thermometry, and plagioclase crystal size distributions.

Samples from the deeper parts of the gabbroic sequence contain clinopyroxene that is close to being in trace element equilibrium with erupted basalts but which can contain primitive ( moderate Cr, high Mg# ) orthopyroxene and very calcic plagioclase.

Because primitive Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts ( MORB / MORBs ) are not saturated with orthopyroxene or very calcic plagioclase this suggests that melts added to the crust have variable compositions and that some may be in major but not trace element equilibrium with shallow depleted mantle.

These apparently conflicting data, are most readily explained if some of the melt – extracted from the mantle – is fully aggregated within the mantle but reacts with the shallow mantle during melt extraction.

The occurrence of cumulates, with these characteristics, suggests that ‘melts added to the crust’ do not all get mixed with normal MORB [ Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts ] in the Axial Magma Chamber ( AMC ), but rather that ‘some melts partially crystallize’ in isolation within the lower crust.

However, evidence that primitive melts fed the AMC [ Axial Magma Chamber ], along with steep fabrics in shallow gabbros ( from near the base of the dyke complex ), provides support for models in which crystallization within the AMC followed by crystal subsidence is also an important process in lower crustal accretion.

More evolved bulk compositions of gabbros ( from the upper than lower parts of the plutonic section ), are due to greater amounts of ‘reaction with interstitial melt’ and not because their parental melt had become highly fractionated through the formation of large volumes of cumulates deeper in the crust.

Amphibole-plagioclase thermometry confirms, previous reports, that the initial ingress of fluid occurs at high-temperatures in the shallow gabbros ( Tave 713° C ) and show that the temperature of amphibole formation was similar in deeper gabbros ( Tave 722°C ).

This thermometry also suggests that fracture and grain boundary permeability for seawater derived fluids was open over the same temperature interval.

Reference

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002GGG….3kQ…1C

– – – –

E.

[ NOTE: analysis of new major data and trace element data from minerals … ]

Source: NASA Astrophysics Data System ( NADS ) [ Harvard University, access: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect ]

Publication Date: December 2010

Title: The `Daly Gap’ and implications for magma differentiation in composite shield volcanoes: A case study from Akaroa Volcano, New Zealand

Authors: Hartung, E.; Kennedy, B.; Deering, C. D.; Trent, A.; Gane, J.; Turnbull, R. E.; Brown, S.

Affiliation:

AA ( Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; eha63@uclive.ac.nz ); AB ( Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; ben.kennedy@canterbury.ac.nz );

AC ( Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; cdeering@u.washington.edu );

AD ( Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; ajt121@pg.canterbury.ac.nz ); AE ( Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; jtg29@uclive.ac.nz ); AF ( Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; ret26@student.canterbury.ac.nz ); AG ( Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; stephen.brown@canterbury.ac.nz ).

Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010, abstract #V52B-02

Origin: AGU

Keywords: [ 3610 ] MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY / Geochemical modeling, [ 3618 ] MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY / Magma chamber processes, [ 3620 ] MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY / Mineral and crystal chemistry, [ 3640 ] MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY / Igneous petrology

Bibliographic Code: 2010AGUFM.V52B..02H

Abstract

The origin of compositional gaps in volcanic deposits that are found worldwide, and in a range of different tectonic settings, has challenged petrologists since Daly’s first observations at mid-ocean ridges.

In the shield-forming Akaroa Volcano ( 9.6 – 8.6 Ma ) of Banks Peninsula ( New Zealand ), a dramatic compositional gap exists in both eruptive and co-genetic intrusive products between basalt and trachyte, and between gabbro and syenite respectively.

Rock compositions display mildly alkaline affinities ranging from picritic basalt, olivine alkali basalt, and hawaiite, to trachyte.

Intermediate mugearite and benmoreite ( 50 – 60 wt. % SiO2 ) are not exposed or absent.

Equivalent plutonic diorite, monzodiorite, and monzonite ( 45 – 65 wt. % SiO2 ) are also absent.

Previously, the formation of the more evolved trachyte and syenite has been ascribed to ‘crustal melting’, however our analysis of new major data and trace element data from bulk-rocks and minerals – of this hy-normative intraplate alkalic suite – provide evidence based on crystal fractionation and punctuated melt extraction for an alternative model.

In bulk rocks observed major and trace element fractionation trends can be reproduced by Rayleigh fractional crystallization from dry melts ( < 0.5 wt. % H2O ) at oxygen fugacities of one [ 1 ] unit below the Quartz [ Qtz ] – Fayalite [ Fa ] – Magnetite [ Mag ] buffer ( QFM – 1 ).

The results of our MELTS models are in agreement with experimental studies, and indicate a fractionation generated compositional gap where trachytic liquid ( 62 – 64 wt. % SiO2 ) has been extracted after the melt has reached a crystallinity of 65% – 70 %.

The fractionated assemblage, of:

– clinopyroxene [ depletes High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Neobium ( Nb ) ]; – olivine [ depletes High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Neobium ( Nb ) ]; – plagioclase; – magnetite; and, – apatite.

All [ of the aforementioned ] are left in a mafic cumulate residue ( 44 – 46 wt. % SiO2 ).

Calculated values of specific trace and minor elements ( Sr [ Strontium ], Cr [ Chromium ], P [ Phosphorus ] ) from a theoretical cumulate are consistent with measured concentrations from cumulate xenoliths. ‘ Compositional trends from individual mineral analysis are also supportive of fractional crystallization, but illustrate a disrupted ‘liquid line of decent for each mineral phase.

Olivine [ depletes High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Neobium ( Nb ) ] compositions progressively decrease in Mg [ Magnesium ] concentration ( Fo83-42 ) in basaltic [ magma ] melts and shows high Fe [ Iron ] concentration in trachytic melts ( Fo5-10 ).

Clinopyroxene [ depletes High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Neobium ( Nb ) ] analyses also displays higher Fe [ Iron ] / Mg [ Magnesium ] ratios in more evolved rocks.

Ternary feldspar [ depletes High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Neobium ( Nb ) ] compositions shift from plagioclase ( An84-56 ) in basalt to alkali feldspar ( Or8-65Ab53-33An39-2 ) [ depletes High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) Neobium ( Nb ) ] in trachyte, but also lack the intermediate compositions.

On the other hand, analysis of mafic cumulate xenoliths reflect more evolved mineral compositions – towards the rim than volcanic equivalents – and complete observed fractionation trends.

In summary, our results indicate that these compositional gaps formed from punctuated melt extraction within an optimal crystal fraction window ( 60% – 70 % crystallinity ).

Reference

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFM.V52B..02H

– – – –

F.

Source: NASA Astrophysics Data System ( NADS ) [ Harvard University, access: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect ]

Publication Date: October 1996

Title: The Aurora volcanic field, California-Nevada: oxygen fugacity constraints on the development of andesitic magma

Authors: Lange, R. A.; Carmichael, Ian S. E.

Affiliation:

AA ( Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA ); AB ( Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ).

Publication: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Volume 125, Issue 2/3, pp. 167-185 (1996). (CoMP Homepage)   Origin: SPRINGER

DOI: 10.1007/s004100050214

Bibliographic Code: 1996CoMP..125..167L

Abstract

The Aurora volcanic field, located along the northeastern margin of Mono Lake in the Western Great Basin, has erupted a diverse suite of high-K and shoshonitic lava types, with 48 to 76 wt. % SiO2, over the last 3,600,000 million years.

There is no correlation between the age and composition of the lavas.

Three-quarters of the volcanic field consists of evolved ( < 4 wt. % MgO ) basaltic andesite and andesite lava cones and flows, the majority of which contain sparse, euhedral phenocrysts that are normally zoned; there is no evidence of mixed, hybrid magmas.

The average eruption rate over this time period was ˜200 m3/km2/year, which is typical of continental arcs and an order of magnitude lower than that for the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

All of the Aurora lavas display a trace-element signature common to subduction-related magmas, as exemplified by Ba [ Barium ] / Nb [ Niobium ] ratios between 52 and 151.

Pre-eruptive water contents ranged from 1.5 wt. % in plagioclase – rich two-pyroxene andesites to ˜6 wt. % in a single hornblende lamprophyre and several biotite-hornblende andesites.

Calculated oxygen fugacities fall within 0.4 and + 2.4 log units of the Ni-NiO [ Nickel and Nickel-Oxygen ] buffer.

The Aurora potassic suite, follows a classic calc-alkaline trend in a plot of FeOT / MgO vs. SiO2 and displays linear decreasing trends in FeOT and TiO2 with SiO2 content, suggesting a prominent role for Fe [ Iron ] – Ti [ Titanium ] oxides during differentiation.

However, development of the calc-alkaline trend – through fractional crystallization of titanomagnetite – would have caused the residual liquid to become so depleted in ferric iron that its oxygen fugacity would have fallen several log units below that of the Ni [ Nickel ] – NiO [ Nickel – Oxygen ] buffer.

Nor can fractionation of hornblende be invoked, since it has the same effect – as titanomagnetite – in depleting the residual liquid in ferric iron, together with a thermal stability limit that is lower than the eruption temperatures of several andesites ( ˜1040 1080°C ; derived from two-pyroxene thermometry ).

Unless some progressive oxidation process occurs, fractionation of titanomagnetite – or hornblende – cannot explain a calc-alkaline trend in which all erupted lavas have oxygen fugacites ≥ the Ni-NiO [ Nickel – Nickel-Oxygen ] buffer.

In contrast to fractional crystallization, closed system equilibrium crystallization will produce residual liquids with an oxygen fugacity that is similar to that of the initial melt.

However, the eruption of nearly aphryic lavas argues against tapping from a magma chamber during equilibrium crystallization, a process that requires crystals to remain in contact with the liquid.

A preferred model involves the accumulation of basaltic magmas at the mantle crust interface, which solidify and are later remelted during repeated intrusion of basalt.

As an end – member case, closed – system equilibrium crystallization of a basalt, followed by equilibrium partial melting of the gabbro will produce a calc-alkaline evolved liquid ( namely, high SiO2 [ Silicon-Oxygen / Oxide ] and low FeOT / MgO ) with a relative f O 2 ( corrected for the effect of changing temperature ) that is similar to that of the initial basalt.

Differentiation of the Aurora magmas by repeated partial melting of previous underplates in the lower crust, rather than by crystal fractionation in large stable magma chambers, is consistent with the low eruption rate at the Aurora volcanic field.

Reference

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996CoMP..125..167L

– – – –

While the aforementioned information material concludes the introductory portion of Part 1 in this preliminary report, more easily understood materialize is intended to be documented in Part 2 through Part 5 ( previewed below ):

Part 2, of this Preliminary Report ( Part 1 of 5 ), is intended to focus on new ‘methods of capturing’ natural essence High Field Strength Elements ( HFSE );

Part 3, of this Preliminary Report ( Part 1 ), is intended to focus on new ‘discoveries of properties’ from captured natural High Field Strength Elements ( HFSE );

Part 4, of this Preliminary Report ( Part 1 ), is intended to focus on new ‘applied theories’ of natural High Field Strength Elements ( HFSE ); and,

Part 5, of this Preliminary Report ( Part 1 ), is intended to focus on new ‘transports’ having captured natural High Field Strength Elements ( HFSE ).

 

Submitted for review and commentary by,

 

Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ), Host
E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com
WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

/

/

NASA UFO Alien Encounters

[ PHOTO ( above ): NASA Space Shuttle STS 115 official mission photo of a an “ExtraTerrestrial BioSynthetic Entity” ( EBSE ), a mobius waveform propulsion system spaceborn infant that is also known by what others refer to as part of a “Space Serpent” that a NASA astronaut refers to as an “eel” ( click to enlarge ) ]

NASA UFO Alien Encounters
by, Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV )

December 1, 2011 14:22:08 (PST) Updated ( Originally Published: January 27, 2011 )

CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles – December 1, 2011 – NASA? We may ‘all’ have a problem! Over the past several decades multiple space flight missions from the United States and Russia have officially documented strange encounters occuring in outer space with astronauts.

Not just ‘unidentified flying objects’ ( UFO ), but other unreferenceable object encounters such as serpent like entities that appear to be biosynthetic lifeforms, plus other spaceborne phenomena that astronauts referred to as being their ”visitors.”

While all this initially sounds totally unbelievable, official audio and video film clip transmissions ( see below ) between space missioning astronauts and their mission ground control central proving NASA UFO Alien Encounters are officially very real.

Several prominent United States astronauts have now gone on public record revealing their personal experiences with official U.S. government encounters surrounding nonreferenceable objects and entities ( UFOs & Aliens ):

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkOCwATi3tw

Introduction

The following additional ’official video clips and audio broadcasts’ ( below ) will reveal some amazing things for you if  these two ( 2 ) ’basic principles’ are remembered while viewing them:

1.  Meteorites ‘do not suddenly change direction’ and ‘do not make left-hand turns, right-hand turns or U turns’ like a ’piloted spacecraft’; and,

2. Debris in outer space, known as ‘space junk’ ( e.g. pieces of rocket boosters, expended satellites, etc. ), does not exit the Earth’s gravitational pull ( that extends – at a much lesser strength – into outerspace ) nor does it at high rates of speed’ either, but will either ‘float around in outer space’ and/or ‘return ( in a ‘decaying orbit’ ) to Earth’s atmosphere where it may either burn-up or fall to the surface of the Earth.

A few of the documentary motion picture film clips ( below ) are in ’full color’, ’black and white’, or ’tinted green’ screen resolutions – many of which are comprised of ’time-elapsed monitoring film sped-up’ so, ‘objects being monitored may not be moving as fast as they appear’, however ’other films may have objects moving in real speed ( e.g. ‘slow docking arms and astronaut manuevers’ or ‘fast electronic movements’ of ’camera lens housings’ that ‘spin around quickly’ to ‘catch a view of other objects moving in any direction at any time’ ).

Nevertheless, always keep in-mind the two ( 2 ) ‘outerspace principles’ that only ‘spacecraft make course corrections’ – turning and going in different directions – ‘not meteorites, comets, asteroids or space debris’.

Now, please enjoy watching ‘these specific four ( 4 ) videos’ ( below ) especially selected after careful analysis from ou-of ’hundreds of others found with flaws’:

By 1971, a NASA Apollo 14 rocket carried a Lunar Excursion Module ( LEM ) camera providing the following photo ( below ):

[ PHOTO ( above ): official NASA LEM camera photo of moon in background with UFO lights in right foreground ( click to enlarge ) ]

In the above photo, was there a ‘piece of lighted extermal equipment’ outside the NASA spacecraft? No. Was there any ‘distortion in the camera lense or reflection’? No.

In 1967, four ( 4 ) years before the aforementioned 1971 LEM launch, PACIFIC OPTICAL ( El Segundo, California ) generated thousands of LEM camera rose quartz glass lenses polished to perfection and tested for ‘any possible distortion factors’ using special ‘lightwave measurement instruments’ set according to ’government standards for approval’ long before being installed within those cameras used aboard the LEM, within an incredible number of NASA space rocket missions, and U.S. Air Force National Reconnaisance Office ( NRO ) missions. How are those facts known? I personally know those particular camera lenses ’do not capture any destortion whatsoever from glare or image reflections’ because I ‘personally worked on those lenses’, knew what they consisted of, as well as their unique characteristics also used in weaponized missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles.

As far back as 1966, when I was still attending high school, I also worked the graveyard shift at the McDonnel Douglas Space Systems Center ( now BOEING ) where within a special area then-known as “The Quad” a famous defecting Russian astrophysicist secretly worked for the U.S. government on the Mercury mission space capsules. Yes, and there were two ( 2 ) such capsules! Not much comes as much of a mystery to me, especially after four ( 4 ) decades of researching intelligence for the U.S. government.

The aforementioned films and broadcats document previously unknown ’new hazards surfacing in space’, believed one of the primary reasons why ‘all NASA spacecraft insurance policy coverage was cancelled’ as NASA lost its direct U.S. government funding when it became apparent to the U.S. government intelligence directorate ( CIA Science and Technology Division ) need of private-sector corporate market bids on future space mission contracts – swinging the axe into the heart of the NASA empire given its final ”tally-ho.”

That decision made perfect economic sense to the U.S. government because now its ‘secret private-sector enterprise takes on far more financial risk than it does just space mission challenges’ where shareholder investment returns will consequently realize less profit from having to absorb the costs associated with higher insurance policy coverages directly related to ‘new risk management assessments’ ( see official films and broadcasts above ) where insurance company policy directive issuances placed on ‘future mission spacecraft’ see more financial burden placed onto thebacks of ’investors’ while essening ever-growing financial burdens on U.S. Department of the Treasury foreign debt repayment plans the Federal Reserve Board decided NASA was just costing too much money and something had to be done about getting rid of the NASA burden without jeopardizing U.S. global space superiority. What began during 1985 as an intelligence mission to bury secret technology effortings within closely guarded private-sector enterprises satisfies corporate promises of long ago.

It’s simply a case of one hand washing another at the expense of the people, is all, where a new space tax that may have been pulled from tomorrow shelf concepts of George Orwell for those living in futuristic societies. Unfortunately, such activity already broke plenty of pencil point lead in private-sector workshop sessions at FANX III ( Ft. George G. Meade, Maryland ) in 1998 supporting private sector funded public insurance investment programs as yet another economic means by which U.S. Social Security Administration insurance may likely receive its axe because of the ever-looming baby boomer debt crisis the U.S. government faces dead ahead as next on its big aggenda. NASA was likely but a precursor government primer for what’s in-store next for the ‘little people’. Up, up and away, that beautiful balloon – that not so beautiful balloon anymore.

 

Submitted for review and commentary by,

 

Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ), Host
E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com
WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

 

NASA Elenin Coming

NASA Elenin Coming

 

[ PHOTO ( above ): April 15, 2011 Comet Elenin position and trajectory Earth dates ( click to enlarge ) ]

NASA Elenin Coming by, Concept Activity Research Vault

May 17, 2011 16:42:08 ( PST ) Updated ( May 16, 2011 11: 20 )

CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles – May 17, 2011 – After much controversy over a celestial body referred to as “Elenin,” said to be entering our solar system, NASA admits there is a ‘comet’ it calls “Elenin” that ‘is’ in-fact ‘coming very soon’ toward Earth that will simply go around our Sun and slingshott off into outerspace, however there seems to be a few missing pieces to the NASA public report.

The first ( 1st ) problem is the ‘planetary or solar body slingshot fly-by effect’, which NASA spacecraft have used for decades to ‘increase speed’ and consequently propel – ‘faster than we can engineer a rocket motor to do’ – satellites toward destinations using various forms of ’staring plane mosaic’ technology incorporated into ’electronic telemetry guidance systems’. Comet Elenin, will also be experiencing the ‘slingshot fly-by effect’, but with ‘no electronic telemetry guidance systems’ to guide it in any particular direction.

The second ( 2nd ) problem is NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) Near Earth Object ( NEO ) Program Office solar system plotting system ( see below ) pictures Elenin ’on a direct collision course’ with “Mercury” around May 21, 2011 but NASA reports ‘nothing publicly’ about Elenin colliding with, hitting or glancing off-of ”Mercury” so, you be the judge:

[ IMAGE ( above ): May 16, 2011 Elenin solar system slingshot pathway  ( NOTE: distance indicated from Earth ) – View #1 ( click to enlarge ) ]

[ IMAGE ( above ): May 16, 2011 Elenin solar system slingshot path to Mercury ( NOTE: distance indicated from Earth ) – View #2 ( click to enlarge ) ]

[ IMAGE ( above ): May 21, 2011 – Elenin solar system slingshot Mercury collision path ( NOTE: distance indicated from Earth ) – View #3 ( click to enlarge ) ]

NASA news ( below ) and NASA plots for May 16, 2011 do not appear to match NASA actual plots for May 21, 2011 ( above ) when looking at “Mercury.”

– –

Source: NASA Space.Com

Comet Elenin Trajectory 22,000,000 Miles Close To Earth

Don’t Fear Comet Headed Our Way — It’s A Wimp

May 10, 2011 6:37:23 PM ET Updated ( May 10, 2011 22:37:23 )

A comet first discovered just 6-months ago will be making a visit to the inner solar system soon, but don’t expect to be completely dazzled. This comet is a bit of a wimp, NASA says.

Comet Elenin ( also known, by its astronomical name: C/2010 X1 ), was first detected on December 10, 2010 in Lyubertsy, Russia by observer Leonid Elenin who found the comet while using the remote controlled ISON Observatory near Mayhill, New Mexico, USA.

At the time of its discovery, the comet was about 401,000,000 million miles from Earth.

Over the past 4-1/2 months, the comet has closed the distance to Earth’s vicinity as it makes its way closer to perihelion ( its closest point to the Sun ).

As of May 4, 2011 the Comet Elenin distance is about 170,000,000 million miles.

“That is what happens with these long-period comets that come in from way outside our planetary system,” said NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL located in Pasadena, California ) Near-Earth Object ( NEO ) Program Office Don Yeomans in a statement. “They make these long majestic speedy arcs through our solar system and sometimes put on a great show, but not Elenin; right now that comet looks kind of wimpy.”

The comet doesn’t offer much of a view and is quite dim to behold.

“We’re talking about how a comet looks, as it safely flies past us,” said Yeomans. “Some cometary visitors, arriving from beyond the planetary region like the Hale-Bopp comet in 1997, have really lit-up the night sky – where you can see them easily with the naked eye – as they safely transit the inner solar system. But Elenin is trending toward the other end of the spectrum, you’ll probably need a good pair of binoculars, clear skies and a dark secluded location to see it – even on its brightest night.”

Comet Elenin, An Icy Run

Comet Elenin should be at its brightest, shortly before the time of its closest approach to Earth on October 16, 2011 when its closest point will be 22,000,000 million miles from Earth.

Even at such a distance, the Elenin comet will ‘not’ be able to shift tides or tectonic plates here on Earth – as some Internet rumors have suggested.

Some have even wondered if the comet could possibly be pushed closer to Earth than usual.

“Comet Elenin will not encounter any ‘dark bodies’ that could perturb its orbit, nor will it influence Earth in any way,” said Yeomans. “It will get no closer to Earth than 35,000,000 million kilometers.”

Not only is the Elenin comet far away but it is also on the ‘small side’ for comets, said Yeomans.

“So you’ve got a modest sized icy dirtball getting no closer than 35,000,000 million kilometers,” said Yeomans.

“It [ Elenin, the comet ] will have an immeasurably minuscule influence on our planet. By comparison, my sub-compact automobile exerts a greater influence on the ocean tide than will comet Elenin ever.”

This Fall – Cosmic Comet Show

But just because the Elenin comet ‘will not change much’ here on Earth, ‘does not mean skywatchers should not pay attention’.

“This comet [ Elenin ] may not put on a great show, just as certainly it will not cause any disruptions here on Earth, but there is a cause to marvel,” said Yeomans. “This intrepid little traveler [ Elenin, the comet ] will offer astronomers a chance to study a ‘relatively young comet’ that ‘came here from well beyond our solar system planetary region’. After a short while, it [ Elenin ] will be headed back out again, and we will not see or hear from Elenin for thousands of years. That’s pretty cool.”

NASA detects, tracks and characterizes asteroids and comets – passing relatively close to Earth – using both ground-based and space-based telescopes, and its Near Earth Object ( NEO ) Observations Program ( called: SpaceGuard ) discovers these objects, characterizes a subset of them and predicts their paths to determine if any could be potentially hazardous to Earth.

References

http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=Elenin;orb=1;cov=1;log=0;cad=1#cad http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi#top http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2011-138 http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroidwatch/newsfeatures.cfm?release=2011-129 http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2010-144 http://www.space.com/11617-comet-elenin-wimpy-solar-system.html

– –

How big is comet Elenin? What does comet Elenin look like real close? Well, that just seems to be the third ( 3rd ) and fourth ( 4th ) problem because NASA is ‘not reporting anything about those two ( 2 ) additional items’ either.

The only public cross-section comparative information analysis on comet Elenin was found contained in a privately produced video by a ‘good ole boy’ whose factual references appear fairly represented ( below ) – less having ‘overlooked his own mis-typing input’ of ”1,700,000,000,000″ ( without ‘commas’ – as seen ‘here’ ) indicating ‘billion’ ( miles ) rather than ”170,000,000″ ‘million’ ( miles ) he ‘thought’ as he indicated typing-in in his diligent attempt trying to make a calculation demonstration:

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Concept Activity Research Vault E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

 

Secret Locations

Paul Bennewitz photo of ETV at Wirt Canyon near Dulce NM - Lg

[ IMAGE ( above ): Special motion picture film and photographic imaging equipment caught this particular near still image of what Paul Bennewitz obtained certain information about ExtraTerrestrial Vehicles ( ETV ) passing in-to and out-of this particular solid rock face mountain at Wirt Canyon near Dulce, New Mexico, USA ( click on image to enlarge ) ]

Secret Locations
by, Kentron Intellect Research Vault ( KIRV )

March 17, 2011 11:08:42 (PST)

NEW MEXICO, Santa Fe – March 17, 2011 – Paul Philip Schneider, a mechanical engineer, was no slouch but a patriotic ex-military American who was found garroted to death shortly after publicly exposing a work-site area near the Archuleta Mesa ( between Colorado and New Mexico ) where an event occured while he worked under ‘contract’ for MORRISON-KNUTSON INC. that upon instructions from the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory ( LASL ) Geosciences Division – now known as – Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ) caused him to be sent down an ‘old nuclear bomb borehole’ ( see further below about “Nuclear Fracturing” ) he claimed was located in a ‘remote area of northern New Mexico’ where his mission was to discover why huge plumes of ‘black soot’ were forcefully being shot up into the atmosphere’ at an active drill site where his team was located.

Paul Philip Schneider 8

Schneider, by his own accounts, claimed the black soot atmosphere smelled like a sulphuric gas lingering in the air all around the drill-site, but who ever heard of a ‘carbon atmosphere’ of ’black sulphur gas’?

It is still seriously doubted if Phil Schneider knew what was actually happening down in the cavern he was ordered into through the borehole.

Did Schneider, know:

– What those plumes of ‘black soot’ actually consisted of, and ‘why’ it was being ‘forcefully shot-out of the borehole’ with such ‘pressure’;?

– How a ‘huge cavern came to be made’ at the bottom of the borehole?

– What the ‘cavern had been filled with and why’?

– Why boreholes were ‘specifically directed to be drilled precisely where they were’?

From what has been able to be gathered from in-depth research, Schneider was apparently sent by KNUTSON to perform his role as a ‘mechanical engineering consultant’, who totally by accident discovered something beyond his wildest imagination – and many other’s too.

Schneider was lowered down one of the boreholes with an ‘armed black beret military team’ that surrounded him but he could not understand ‘why’ he had such escorts – except for some unknown military security reason he wasn’t cleared to know, and being ex-military, Schneider knew-better than to ask any questions, but to ‘do what was asked of him by his superior’.

Now comes the point within this report that information becomes incredibly bizzare, however by in-depth research Schneider’s claims ( below ) have been pulled somewhat back into ‘more detailed perspective’ by ‘incredibly related facts’ that existed long ago.

Schneider and the other armed U.S. federal military employees discovered a group of what Schneider claims were ExtraTerrestrial Biological Entities ( EBEs ) that he referred to as alien “Grey talls” ( 7-foot extraterrestrial aliens with a bluish purple bioskin color.

Once lowered through the borehole, a deep underground cavern appeared and this is when Schneider claims he instantly got off several rounds of his own ammunition ( from his sidearm pistol ) before being shot by some ‘blue beam of light’ – leaving him cut wide-open in the chest as having several fingers of his cut-off  from what the first ( 1st ) alien he encountered ( down there ) apparently aimed at him ( Schneider ).

Paul Philip Schneider 2

Paul Philip Schneider 7

Schneider further claimed that nearly sixty ( 60 ) U.S. government personnel and contractors lost their lives during this August 1979 ‘unpublicized event’ in what Schneider described having been involved-in an underground cavern filled with alien beings.

Hard to believe, I know because at-first I totally scoffed at Schneider’s claims being utterly ridiculous, until some unrelated research studied earlier portions of what Schneider claimed.

Years earlier ( 2002 ) I was exchanging communications with someone related to Paul Philip Schneider, on an entirely ‘different subject’ related to work his ‘father’ Oscar Schneider was involved-in with the U.S. Navy, and current research now dovetailed back to that which I was researching years ago surrounding a U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) ‘precious metals’ scientific recycling process that involved baking ore resulting in low-yield nuclear energy transmutation of material into high-yield elements.

It appeared from further studies that Oscar Schneider’s son, Paul Philip Schneider claims required further detailed clarifications, which he either could not perform earlier due to secrecy agreements with the U.S. government or he may have felt he should ‘not’ provide too many specifics for fear of breeching a “business agreement” he made with the U.S. government, however based upon current research beyond Schneider’s claims, incredible further facts go far beyond this report sufficient to at least warrant a suitable public release of information contained herein.

In 2002, Schneider’s intinately close friend sent me “Rhyolyte 47″ ( classified ) ‘official U.S. Navy documents’ pertaining to Paul Philip Schneider’s ‘father’, U.S. Navy Captain Oscar Schneider, who from his ‘military professional medical position’ became directly involved with “Project Blue Ship” ( also known as ) “The Philadelphia Experiment.”

Phil Schneider mentions that upon drilling “boreholes” the drill-site teams were experiencing “huge plums of black soot’ or “black dust” ( that stank ) and were being ‘rapidly ejected under pressure’ into the atmosphere, which also lingered near the ground, from within these underground hole locations they were being told to drill at.

None apparently knew ‘why’ or ‘how’ these odd occurences were taking place, or why they were drilling where they were.

Initial research indicates that “Nuclear Fracturing” ( 1962 – 2005 ) had been used earlier in ‘underground nuclear blasts’ for what was said to be “oil experimentations,” which was a U.S. government cover for underground testing of nuclear warheads subsequent to Russia having exploded what it called the “Tsar Bomba,” a 100-kiloton nuclear bomb that the U.S. later claimed only yielded 50-kiloton blast with a Circular Error Probability ( CEP ) range for death from irradiation up to 60-miles away from ground-zero.

Did previously ‘large U.S. oil reserves once exist’ until subsequently becoming nuclear blasted underground, creating both a ‘high pressure black oil carbon soot atmosphere’ and simultaneously creating these ‘huge underground caverns’?

Were “Grey” alien “talls” ( 7-foot ) provided with a ‘government secret atmospheric environment’ consisting of ‘large underground cavern living where they were the only ones able to breath a high carbon pressurized atmosphere consisting of gamma irradiated particle elements” derived from ‘earlier U.S. secret military underground nuclear Projects’ publicly called “Nuclear Fracturing”? If so, could an extraterrestrial alien agreement been reached secretly with the U.S. government?

Was the LANL / LASL Geosciences Division ‘borehole drillings’ “Hot Rock” Project – publicly revealed as only seeking ‘new geothermal energy alternatives’ only a ruse?

By ‘drilling boreholes’ ( in highly ‘specific remote locations’ where contractors were ‘told to drill’ ) did that ‘actually and instantly deplete’ all of the carbon dense atmosphere used by these Grey alien “talls” whom were thereby being killed down inside these caverns? If so, why would the U.S. government destroy what it must have worked so hard to build for these aliens?

Might another “aggenda” have entered determining a take over of those Grey tall ( 7-foot + ) aliens existence underground? If so, why were these “Grey talls” suddenly considered a “threat?”

There is only rumored mentions of a percentage reduction number of Grey talls ( aliens ) being sighted on Earth, whereas “Grey shorts” ( 4-foot to 5-foot tall ) are now only but rarely sighted so, were nearly 80% of the “Grey talls” actually “wiped-out” by ‘another alien species’ – as rumored?

Is there any truth to any of this and are there any other correlations worth researching to such deep underground military bases and caverns albeit for aliens or humans?

Why have ‘sophisticated landing strips’ on “Church of Scientology” ( COS ) ‘remote properties’ been purchased by its “Church of Scientific Technology” entity that has also built ‘sophisticated underground vaults’ and ‘sophisticated long tunnel systems’ that are ‘guaranteed to last 1,000 years’ equipped with ‘sophisticated nuclear blast-proof doors’ built to withstand any direct nuclear hit? All of these have been substantiated through my research and documented by satellite photos, facility diagramatics, and land parcel details and grant information on many of these COS / CST ‘remote installation properties’.

Related points to initially consider:

– Schneider claimed his work was on a Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ) Project, that my research indicates was actually performed the name “Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory” ( LASL ) Geosciences Division”  within its geothermal ( volcanic magma ) “Hot Rock” Project during August 1979 or ‘likely earlier’;

[ IMAGE ( above ): Archuleta Mesa ( top ) where ( due south ) is Dulce, New Mexico ( click to read, enlarge image ) ]

– Schneider of KNUTSON worked at this Archuleta Mesa / Kit Carson National Forest (aka) Carson National Park work-site during the August 1979 alien event;

– Schneider possibly a ‘sub-contracted engineer’ ( like Keith Millheim of CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ) working for KNUTSON ( Tulsa, OK ) performing what that industry refers to as “high risk construction contracts;”

– New Mexico site on the Archuleta Mesa / Kit Carson National Forrest – aka – Carson National Park ( New Mexico near Colorado border ), research land grants near Edith, Colorado and Blue Lake, New Mexico ( Indian land );

– KNUTSON, which Schneider claimed to have been working for, may have been a ‘specially named adjunct’ working out-of Area 51 / S4 ( Groom Lake, Nevada ) while Schneider travelled from to work at the Archuleta Mesa ( Edith, Colorado ) site. Could Schneider have been covering-up the exact location being actually in the Kit Carson National Forest Indian land of Blue Lake, New Mexico ) near Taos, New Mexico where the phonemena of the “Taos hum” is and all the UFO sighting northeast of Taos, which would place the UFO sightings directly over Indian land of Blue Lake, New Mexico;

– Check both work and worksite connections between EG & G CHANDLER ENGINEERING ( Tulsa, OK ) and KNUTSON ( Tulsa, Oklahoma ) on work-site contracts that took place during 1979 ( or ‘earlier’ ), in the area of the Kit Carson National Forest ( New Mexico ) and /or Archuleta Mesa ( New Mexico or southern Colorado ), performing an industry referenced “high risk construction contract;” and,

– Google Earth shows a ‘gigantic cave-in’ or ‘explosion hole from something’ where scattered atop is an unusual ‘broken and caved-in lattice pattern’ of ‘huge very-very long beams / tubes’ [ cavern / cave / tunnel support beam cylinders ] that appear ‘snapped like twigs’ and sunken into a remote cave-in area nearest Edith, Colorado of the Archuleta Mesa area.

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Part 2

COS CST & IGSS Brief Note –

Church of Scientology ( COS ) and Church of Scientific Technology ( CST ) New Mexico vault tunneling construction performed by INTERNATIONAL GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS ( Santa Fe, New Mexico ).

Note all ‘sub-contracts’, ‘consulting engineers’, ‘consulting architects’, ‘insurance companies’, and any other ‘related construction support firms’ for connections, between:

– INTERNATIONAL GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS ( Santa Fe, New Mexico ); – CER GEONUCLEAR CORPORATION of EG&G ( Las Vegas, Nevada 89114 ); – MORRISON-KNUDSEN INC. – aka – KNUTSON ( Las Vegas, Nevada ); – MORRISON KNUDSEN ENGINEERS – aka – KNUTSON ( Tulsa, Oklahoma ); – CHANDLER ENGINEERING of EG&G ( Tulsa, Oklahoma ); – Others ( e.g. AUSTRAL OIL, et al. ).

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PART 3 –

Nuclear Fracturing Projects –

Atoms for Peace program fails oilpatch testing. Atoms for Peace was a grand idea aimed at benefiting the world and was tested in the oilpatch. It never reached its potential in ‘industrial use’, however it did set an active alternative; accelerating the nuclear arms race between the U.S. and Russia.

– –

UNITED NATIONS ( UN ) – UNITED STATES President Dwight D. Eisenhower –

It kicked off on November 28, 1953 when the United Nations ( UN ) General Assembly asked the Disarmament Commission for suggestions to halt nuclear proliferation, 10-days later U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower addressed the UN General Assembly saying:

“The United States would seek more than the mere reduction or elimination of atomic materials for military purposes. It is not enough to take this weapon out of the hands of soldiers. It must be put into the hands of those who will know how to strip its military casing and adapt it to the arts of peace.”

– –

OPERATION PLOWSHARE ( 1972 ) –

In the United States, that effort kicked-off OPERATION PLOWSHARE – named for the Biblical passage that referred to turning swords into plowshares. The United States had high hopes for Operation Plowshare. It anticipated twenty-seven ( 27 ) nuclear programs using atomic devices for peace.

– –

– PANAMA – – NICARAGUA – – COSTA RICA –

Among those plans were proposals to use more than one-hundred ( 100 ) nuclear explosions to blast a 37 mile ( 60 kilometer ) long canal across the isthmus of Panama at San Blas.

Another plan would use at least 250 blasts for a 140 mile ( 225 kilometer ) canal on the Nicaragua Costa Rica border.

– –

– ALASKA –

PROJECT CHARIOT Cape Thompson, Alaska

Another, PROJECT CHARIOT, almost went into action that would have used several hydrogen bombs to blast out a harbor at Cape Thompson, Alaska in the Chukchi Sea about 75 miles ( 121 kilometers ) from the Russia border in the Bering Sea Strait.

– –

– NEVADA –

PROJECT SEDAN ( 06JUL62 @ 10:00 a.m. ) Yucca Flats, Nevada

Concerns over the native population reduced that to a 104 kiloton proof-of-concept blast called SEDAN at Yucca Flats, Nevada on July 6, 1962. The blast displaced 12,000,000 million short tons of dirt and released a 12,000 ft. high ( 3,660 meter ) radioactive cloud.

– –

– NEW MEXICO –

PROJECT GASBUGGY ( 10DEC67 ) Kit Carson National Forest ( New Mexico ) / Archuleta Mesa adjacencies: Dulce, NM; Blue Lake, NM; and, Edith, CO. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY ( Livermore, California ) U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ( AEC ) EL PASO NATURAL GAS

Native American indians of the Tiwa tribe, continue cultural traditions to this day. Around 1903, by Executive Order, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt took over 48,000 acres of Tiwa tribal land ( in the “Sangre de Cristo Mountains” of New Mexico ) making it the “Kit Carson National Forest” (aka) “Carson National Forest” in New Mexico. In 1970, by Executive Order, U.S. President Richard Nixon returned part of that land to the Tiwa tribe.

A ‘tribal disaster’ ( elsewhere ) was mentioned in an official U.S. Administration letter. Pull letter from existing files under Knights of Malta member Thomas Sawyer.

Kit Carson National Forest, Sangre de Cristo Mounbtains, Archuleta Mesa, and other names ‘narrow area’ of ‘work-site location(s)’ requiring ‘further research’:

– Jemez Plateau; – Jemez Mountains; – Fenton Hill, New Mexico <?> – UNION OIL ( Baca location ) or UNOCAL Geothermal Division ( Los Angeles, CA ); – Mayrsville <?> could be “Marysville” < sp ? >; – Coso; – LASL Geosciences Division; – ERDA ( Energy Research and Development Administration ) National Laboratories Division of Geothermal Energy ( DGE ); – Drilling Third ( 3rd ) Borehole ( code name: EE-1 )

Most of the real testing took place in the oilpatch, starting with PROJECT GASBUGGY – the first test aimed at releasing natural gas from tight sands and the first use of a nuclear device for industrial purposes.

It took place on December 10, 1967 in the Carson National Forest of New Mexico – about 90 miles northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico and 25 miles southwest of the town of Dulce, New Mexico.

The U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ( AEC ) was the oversight agency as LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY ( LLNL ) and EL PASO NATURAL GAS ( EPNG ) conducted the test. They set off a 29 kiloton blast 4,240 ft ( 1,293 m ) underground in a tight shale. According to official figures, the blast created a cavity 80 feet ( 24 m ) wide and 335 feet ( 102 m ) high filled with gas. Unfortunately, the ‘gas was too radioactive’ to use. They didn’t stop there.

– –

– COLORADO –

PROJECT RULISON ( 10SEP69 ) Rifle, Colorado; CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ( Las Vegas, Nevada ); Keith K. Millheim ( president of Strategic Worldwide LLC The Woodlands, Texas ) under CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. contract; AUSTRAL OIL ( Denver, Colorado ); TELEDYNE ISOTOPES ( Palo Alto, California ); ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ( AEC ).

The industry moved on to Project Rulison, probably the best known of the nuclear blasts for peace. This blast, also under the control of the ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ( AEC ), was conducted by CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ( Las Vegas, Nevada ) and AUSTRAL OIL ( Denver, Colorado ).

In between international assignments Keith K. Millheim ( president of Strategic Worldwide LLC The Woodlands, Texas ) was seconded by CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. to help design the drilling and testing of the Project Rulison Nuclear Gas Stimulation Experiment.

This 43 kiloton blast – 2.6 times the size of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan – was lowered 8,426 ft ( 2,568 m ) underground from a drill site on the southwest flank of Doghead Mountain in Battlement Creek Valley in Garfield County, Colorado approximately 40 miles northeast of Grand Junction, Colorado and 11 miles southwest of Rifle, Colorado. During hearings in the area, testimony revealed that the government believed the blast would fracture the tight MesaVerde gas sands and release more gas than conventional fracturing. If they could find a better way of fracturing, they might have the key to releasing more of the 317 Tcf of gas in place in tight sands, according to an article by Chester McQueary ( Parachute, Colorado resident ) writing for the High Country News. Also during the hearings, David Evans from Colorado School of Mines testified the industry would have to set off 13,000 similar blasts to get the kind of recoveries the government wanted. According to Chester McQueary, 1-week before the blast the AEC set up a 5 mile ( 8 kilometer ) quarantine zone around the well site as workers lowered the bomb into the hole. It even paid some homeowners to leave for the day. Unfortunately, winds that could have carried radiation north to Rifle, Colorado or west of Grand Junction, Colorado delayed the test until September 10, 1969. Protesters entered the quarantine area in 2s and 3s so they couldn’t be easily removed. KWSR radio station in Rifle carried a countdown for the blast. Finally, security forces just left protestors, McQueary among them, in the quarantine area. He felt a “mighty thump” that lifted him 8 inches into the air and measured 5.5 on the Richter scale in Golden, Colorado. Again, about 30-days later, the test team found the ‘gas was too radioactive to use’, but that wasn’t the end of the ‘nuclear program in natural gas’.

– –

– COLORADO –

PROJECT RIO BLANCO ( 1971 – 17MAY73 )

EG&G CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ( Las Vegas, Nevada – 1971 – 1973 ) EQUITY OIL CO. ( Salt Lake City, Utah ) C.F. KNUTSON ( 1973 – 1975 ) D.L. Coffin ( 1968 – 1971 ); F.A. Welder ( 1968 – 1971 ); R.K. Glanzman ( 1968 – 1971 ); X.W. Dutton ( 1968 ).

<?> Virginia Glanzman ( USGS – Denver, Colorado ) <?>

The next test also took place in the Piceance Basin of Colorado, this one on May 17, 1973. It was called Project Rio Blanco and was scheduled in Rio Blanco County about 75 miles northwest of Grand Junction, Colorado and 30 miles ( 48.3 kilometer ) southwest of Meeker.

EG&G CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ( Las Vegas, Nevada ) and EQUITY OIL CO. ( Salt Lake City, Utah ) conducted the blast where the operators set three ( 3 ) 330 kiloton devices between 5,838 feet and 6,689 feet ( 1,781 meters and 2,040 meters ) to blast out a huge cavern in the tight Mesaverde below the Green River oil shale. The blast went off, but the caverns didn’t connect.

– –

– NEVADA –

Nevada Test Site ( NTS ) ( 1993 – 1995 ) Nellis Air Force Base, Test Range Site, S-1 ( Nevada ) Area 51

LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY ( LLNL – Livermore, California ) DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE ( P.O. Box 60220, Reno, Nevada 89506-0220 ) D.K. Smith; B.K. Esser; J.L. Thompson; J.I. Daniels; R. Andricevic; – 1994 – L.R. Anspaugh  ” ; R.L. Jacobson  ” ; I.Y. Borg; – 1976 – R. Stone  ” ; H.B. Levy  ” ; L.D. Ramspott  ” .

– –

– WYOMING – PROJECT WAGON WHEEL

AUSTRAL OIL PRESCO INC. ( The Woodlands, Texas – V-P: Kim R.W. Bennetts ) EL PASO NATURAL GAS U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ( EPA )

The federal agency had planned to move next to PROJECT WAGON WHEEL, but that test never took place. Wagon Wheel was scheduled to loosen up the tight formations on the Pinedale Anticline in Sublette County, Wyoming – an area operators have only recently started developing with large numbers of wells.

Unlike PROJECT GASBUGGY, which was a cost-is-no-object technical test, PROJECT WAGON WHEEL was supposed to ‘test profitability of atomic fracturing’ and was the biggest test to-date with plans for five ( 5 ) 100-kiloton nuclear explosions set-off 5-minutes apart and from 9,220 feet to 11,570 feet ( 2,812 meters to 3,529 meters ) in a field discovered by EL PASO NATURAL GAS.

The operators planned to wait 4-months to 6-months before testing the well, and thought radiation released in testing would be lower than normal background radiation. But the project gathered a lot of opposition. Among the statements that killed it was testimony by Dr. Ken Perry, a geologist with the University of Wyoming.

Looking at plans for 40 to 50 nuclear explosions per year, he said for full area development.

Southwestern Wyoming would be the ‘earthquake center of the world, according to Adam Mark Lederer in a thesis entitled, “Using Public Policy Models to Evaluate Nuclear Stimulation Programs: Wagon Wheel in Wyoming.”

After the PROJECT RIO BLANCO blast, officials plugged and abandoned three ( 3 ) wells in the area, but left three ( 3 ) wells open on the RB-E-01 drill pad so they could monitor the wells. When they finally abandoned the surface facilities, the radiation was no different than the background radiation in the area except for tritium readings, which exceeded government criteria in several samples.

In 2002, officials decided to lift all restrictions on surface activity. They did mandate there should be no penetration of the surface to 1,500 feet ( 458 meters ) within 100 feet ( 30 meters ) of the well bore and no intrusion from 1,500 feet to 7,500 feet ( 458 meters to 2,288 meters ) within a 600 feet ( 183-m ) radius of the well bore. The situation was similar at the Rulison well site, but with a recent twist.

Following the $6,500,000 million ( USD ) Rulison well, also called the AUSTRAL OIL Hayward #25-95 in Section 25-7s-95w, the government continued monitoring the subsurface as it had at Rio Blanco. In both cases it wanted to monitor the possible migration of radiation. The Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) also conducts annual sampling of deep monitoring wells and water sources in the area. Except for deep radiation at both sites, the areas are clean.

Recently, however PRESCO INC. ( The Woodlands, Texas ) sought permission for 40-acre spacing over an area that would include the Rulison well site.

It already had drilled a well in prolific Rulison field 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) from the test site with no sign of radioactivity. Approval would have allowed the company to drill multiple wells near the Hayward well bore. Kim R.W. Bennetts, vice president of exploration and production for the company, said even if it drilled into the cavity, which it didn’t plan to do, very little radiation remained. Bennetts also said the company couldn’t, and wouldn’t, sell radioactive gas. Its planned wells in the area would be 1,200 feet ( 366 meters ) to the northeast and 1,600 feet ( 488 meters ) to the southeast of the Rulison test well.

After a February 10, 2004 meeting of the Colorado Oil & Gas Conservation Commission, the company then received approval to drill only one well on 40-acre spacing within a half-mile radius of the Rulison test well.

The company even had support from the county until it raised its plans from one ( 1 ) well to four ( 4 ) wells. The Colorado commission said it would approve the wells on a case-by-case basis. Currently, with no plans by any agency to continue work with ‘nuclear devices in the oilpatch’, it looks as if that research has come to an end.

While it lasted, however, it was a daring period of research into ‘advanced methods of releasing huge volumes of natural gas’, and that research continues today.

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PART 4

EG&G –

EG & G INC. (aka) EG and G INCORPORATED 45 William Street Wellesley, Massachusetts 02181 U.S.A. Telephone: (781) 237-5100 Fax: (781) 431-4255 WWW: http://www.egginc.com

Statistics:

Public Company

Incorporated: 1947 as Edgerton, Germehausen & Grier, Inc. Employees: 13,000 Sales: $1.41 billion (1998) Stock Exchanges: New York Ticker Symbol:EGG

NAIC: 334413 Semiconductor & Related Device Manufacturing; 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; 334513 Instruments & Related Product Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying & Controlling Industrial Process Variables; 334519 Other Measuring & Controlling Device Manufacturing; 54133 Engineering Services; 54199 All Other Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services; 54171 Research & Development in the Physical, Engineering & Life Sciences

Company Perspectives:

Our vision is that we can create value in an environment of ever-accelerating change. Value creation is our singular aim and ultimate measure of success. We believe that the increasing drive to create value represents the surest and most consistent avenue for us to benefit our customers, employees, stockholders and constituent communities. Our value creation model focuses on growth primarily derived from internal development.

Company History:

EG & G Incorporated is a diversified technology company that develops and provides products for public and private customers in the medical, aerospace, telecommunications, semiconductor, photographic, and other industries. The company’s operations are broken into five business units: Instruments; Life Sciences; Engineered Products; Optoelectronics; and Technical Services. Its Instruments operation is based on x-ray imaging systems and provides screening and inspection systems for use in airport and industrial security, and environmental, food, and nuclear industry monitoring. The Life Sciences unit develops systems for biochemical research and medical diagnostics. The Engineered Products unit designs and produces pneumatic systems, seals, and bellows for aerospace, semiconductor, and power generation markets. EG & G’s Optoelectronics division specializes in optical sensing devices for industrial and medical applications. The company’s final unit, Technical Services, provides engineering, research, management, and support services to governmental and industrial clients.

Nuclear Management and Monitoring: 1940s – 1950s

EG & G was established by three nuclear engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology shortly after the end of World War II. These engineers, Harold E. Edgerton, Kenneth J. Germehausen, and Herbert E. Grier, had been involved in the American effort to construct an atomic bomb during the war. So valued were their contributions that after the war the government asked them to establish a company to manage further development of the country’s nuclear weapons. The three established a small partnership called Edgerton, Germehausen & Grier on November 13, 1947, and quickly began collecting contracts to advise the government on nuclear tests in Nevada and on South Pacific islands.

One of the first employees of the new company was Bernard J. O’Keefe, another MIT graduate who had worked for Dr. Grier during the war. O’Keefe served with the 21st Bomber Command in the Mariana Islands during the war, and is said to have personally wired the bomb that later destroyed the Japanese city of Nagasaki. O’Keefe was sent to Japan after its surrender to investigate that country’s progress with nuclear technology and recruit promising Japanese scientists for other atomic projects. A specialist in the design and development of electronic instrumentation and controls, O’Keefe quickly gained an important position in the growing firm.

Inconvenienced by the length of the company’s name, employees soon began to rely on the simple acronym EG & G, which later became its official name. In order to maintain close contact with MIT and its excellent nuclear and electronic engineering programs, EG & G set up its headquarters in Bedford, Massachusetts, in northwest suburban Boston.

EG & G was involved in the U.S. effort to build a more powerful nuclear weapon, the hydrogen bomb. That year, Grier and O’Keefe were present at a Nevada test site to personally witness an H-bomb detonation. After the weapon failed to explode, Grier and O’Keefe flipped a coin to determine who should scale the 300-foot test tower and disarm the bomb. Although O’Keefe lost, he won the special distinction of being the first man to disarm a live H-bomb.

O’Keefe had a second brush with disaster in 1958 when he witnessed an H-bomb detonation at Bikini Atoll in the South Pacific. There, shifting winds in the upper atmosphere caused a radioactive cloud of fallout to shower his bunker.

These experiences taught O’Keefe the awesome destructive power of nuclear weaponry and the dangers of radioactive fallout. As an engineer and manager he was bound to perform his company’s contracts, but grew personally opposed to the use of nuclear weapons. This sharpened his sense of responsibility toward the emerging form of warfare, a quality that was not lost upon the government’s Atomic Energy Commission.

As a result of EG & G’s experience with detonations, and O’Keefe’s concern for nuclear non-proliferation, the company became increasingly involved in distant monitoring projects, particularly as they related to Soviet nuclear tests. By observing changes in the atmosphere, EG & G was able to determine the incidence and strength of Soviet tests and provide important data on the progress of Moscow’s weapons program. In the process, EG & G gained highly specialized knowledge in environmental sciences. These skills had numerous applications outside the weapons industry, in such areas as pollution control and environmental management.

Exploring Commercial Markets: 1960s

As early as 1960, O’Keefe and the company’s three founders had considered establishing a new environmental analysis business, which would lessen EG & G’s dependence on low-margin government contracts and permit the company to enter new commercial markets. But at the time, neither public concern nor legislation placed a high value on such endeavors.

Three years later, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom signed a protocol that banned nuclear tests in the atmosphere, above ground, in the water, or in outer space.

With this document, EG & G appeared to lose a major portion of its business. However, the protocol did not prevent underground tests, which were far more complicated.

EG & G remained the only company with the proper supervisory credentials to manage this type of nuclear testing.

The company was forced to develop geologic analytical capabilities and become a ‘tunneling’ and ‘mining operation’ as well.

Furthermore, the government had also laid plans to establish a kind of NASA equivalent of oceanographics ( NOAA ).

Eager to take a place in this organization, EG & G invested heavily in oceanographic research.

While the underwater NASA never materialized, the efforts enabled O’Keefe to further cultivate new commercial markets for EG & G, including excavation and water transmission.

During this time the company’s three ( 3 ) founders moved further into retirement, taking ceremonial “executive chairman emeritus” positions.

As a result, O’Keefe became the de facto head of the company.

EG & G also pursued a strong acquisition campaign, taking over thirteen ( 13 ) companies between 1964 – 1967 when a strong environmental movement began to form in the United States.

With legislation still years away, EG & G began laying plans to play an important role in the environmental projects it was sure would result.

EG & G was divided into four ( 4 ) main operating divisions.

EG & G INTERNATIONAL, primarily concerned with oceanography, was the smallest.

EG & G standard products and equipment division produced a variety of machines and electronic devices, grew fastest during the 1960s.

EG & G nuclear detonation and monitoring business segment remained its largest.

EG & G nuclear technology group, most innovative and interesting, involved design of nuclear rocket engines ( ion engines ) for interplanetary propulsion.

EG & G CER GEONUCLEAR CORPORATION Projects included “nuclear landscaping” known as nuclear explosion controlled blasts, carving out:

Harbors; Canals; and, Passageways ( Tunnels, Pipelines, etc. ).

EG & G CER GEONUCLEAR CORPORATION Unit participations tested nuclear explosions ‘used to fracture layers of rock’ for access to otherwise inaccessible reserve locations of oil and gas for exploitation. Although feasible, these EG & G’public works’ projects failed in gaining public support.

In fact, opposition to nuclear technology in-general ‘increased’ as people grew wary of the safety of nuclear energy.

In addition, nuclear excavation would have required an unlikely waiver of the 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

With the evaporation of good commercial prospects for its nuclear engineering expertise, EG & G was forced to rely again on military projects. Despite efforts to step up mechanical and electrical engineering work (partly by acquiring a spate of small research companies), EG & G mustered only four percent annual growth during the late 1960s.

Failed Initiatives: 1970 – 1975

Interest in nuclear power increased dramatically during the 1973 – 1974 Arab oil embargo, in which Americans sought to reduce their costly dependence on imported oil.

Realizing that the world’s oil exporting nations stood to permanently lose their largest customer, the United States, King Faisal of Saudi Arabia promptly called for an end to the embargo. Nonetheless, while Americans regained access to Arab oil, the end of the embargo was disastrous for the U.S. nuclear energy industry and for EG & G.

The end of the embargo removed one of the great justifications for nuclear power, and gave anti-nuclear activists time to properly organize legislative battles.

While EG & G was being locked out of yet another promising commercial application of its technologies, it attempted projects in other fields.

Some years earlier, in an effort to develop a new process for purifying nuclear isotopes, EG & G developed a flash tube that was ideal for photocopiers, but by the time an application could be developed, XEROX had already saturated the market with conventional designs.

In another ill-timed move, the company bet that environmental laws would cause demand for the unconventional Wankel engine to rise.

EG & G purchased a Texas automobile testing agency in hopes of winning large emission monitoring contracts, but the oil embargo destroyed the market for the clean but gas-eating Wankel engine as automobile environmental legislation was abandoned.

During this time, with the encouragement of the government, EG & G established a minority-dominated subsidiary, EG & G Roxbury, in a neighborhood of Boston, hoping to help strengthen the economic structure of the community. The project floundered, however, when bureaucrats failed to properly support the program, causing only a few sales to be made from the subsidiary. After a few years of disastrous results, the entire program was wound up.

On the Upswing: 1976 – 1980s

In 1976, EG & G environmental division evolved into a comprehensive resource efficiency operation providing complete oceanographic, atmospheric, and geophysical analysis rather than concentrating on environmental compliance languishing after the oil embargo by conserving resources, operations could more easily achieve pollution and waste reduction targets.

EG & G port development was unable to use nuclear devices to carve custom designed harbors, became a world leader in oceanographic studies and channel engineering by designing numerous tanker ports in the Persian Gulf and bauxite harbors in South America.

In 1979, U.S. President Jimmy Carter asked Bernard O’Keefe to serve as Chairman for the Synthetic Fuels Corporation of the U.S. government. Having already been asked to serve on a transition team for then presidential candidate Ronald Reagan, O’Keefe refused President Carter’s offer.

With the election of U.S. President Ronald Reagan in 1980, the United States took a sudden turn toward military armament programs.

EG & G experienced a resurgence in its flagging nuclear testing business and was tapped to develop a number of new nuclear weapons systems, including, the:

MX nuclear underground mobile railroad missile; and, Strategic Defense Initiative ( SDI ) – Star Wars Program.

A self-described “card carrying member of the military-industrial complex,” Bernard O’Keefe wrote in his book “Nuclear Hostages” that the United States and the Soviet Union were deadlocked in a nuclear arms race neither could control. Ironically, EG & G remained deeply involved in a number of Reagan administration projects O’Keefe opposed, including:

MX nuclear underground mobile railroad missile; Neutron bomb; and, Europe nuclear missile weapon stationings.

Nevertheless, EG & G pre-tax operating profit doubled from the new business.

EG & G also became involved in the space shuttle program, checking the spacecraft electrical components, loading its fuel, and managing the Cape Canaveral, Florida space center during shuttle missions.

EG & G site management abilities won it a position with the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) elite Nuclear Emergency Search Team ( NEST ) which investigated nuclear extortion threats.

The company also won a contract to manage the U.S. government troubled Rocky Flats installation outside Denver, Colorado facility, widely criticized under ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL for mismanagement, manufacturing nuclear weapon triggers.

EG & G maintained its momentum throughout the 1980s, winning contracts from diverse governmental agencies, including, the:

U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ); U.S. Army; U.S. Air Force; U.S. Department of Defense; and, U.S. Customs Service ( now U.S. Department of Homeland Security ).

In 1988 the company hit a record high for both sales and earnings.

O’Keefe retired from EG & G during this period of strong growth, and was succeeded by John M. Kucharski.

Rapid Diversification: 1990s

Under U.S. President George Bush, and with the subsequent collapse of the Soviet military threat, the number of EG & G nuclear test projects decreased significantly.

As such, EG & G was under pressure to cultivate profitable new commercial ventures to offset the loss of revenue from military contracts.

The company responded rapidly, entering new commercial markets via a series of acquisitions.

One of the first acquisitions of the 1990s was ELECTRO-OPTICS, the optoelectronics business of GENERAL ELECTRIC ( GE ) Canada.

GENERAL ELECTRIC ELECTRO-OPTICS designed and produced advanced semiconductor emitters and detectors for defense, space, telecommunications, and industrial applications.

Other new ventures followed quickly:

WALLAC Group ( Finland-based ), which produced analytical and diagnostic systems;

IC SENSORS, a maker of sensing devices for industrial, automotive, medical, and aerospace uses; and,

NoVOCs Inc., an environmental remediation specialist.

In 1994, facing legal pressure from activists’ groups, EG & G announced that it would discontinue its nuclear-related endeavors as its various existing contracts expired. 1994, the company undertook a major reorganization to accommodate its newly acquired interests and the discontinuation of its nuclear business.

One important area of focus for the company was its Instruments division, which was rapidly becoming a leader in the field of weapons and explosives screening systems. After providing x-ray machines and metal detectors for the Democratic and Republican national conventions in 1992, the company won a contract to supply state-of-the-art explosives detection systems for U.S. federal courthouses across the nation. A subsequent contract with the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) called for ten ( 10 ) of the most advanced explosives detection systems of EG & G for screening checked baggage in airports.

In 1998, EG & G president and CEO John M. Kucharski was replaced by Gregory Summe ( former president of ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. Automotive Products Group ) known for his ability to streamline and consolidate technology businesses.

He assumed his new position with the twin ( 2 ) goals, of:

1. improving operational efficiency; and,

2. restructuring EG & G portfolio, sharpen the focus on identified high-growth markets.

One of his first efforts toward better operational efficiency was to consolidate all EG & G’s business into five ( 5 ) independent strategic business units:

Life Sciences; Instruments; Engineered Products; Optoelectronics; and,Technical Services.

The company also began repositioning its portfolio by liquidating assets that fell outside these growth areas and making acquisitions that strengthened the EG & G position within its identified markets.

This strategy led to the largest acquisition in the company’s history:

LUMEN TECHNOLOGIES.

Lumen, purchased for $250,000,000 million in December 1998, was known globally as a producer of ‘specialty lighting’.

Lumen acquisition served to strengthen the company’s existing position in the medical lighting market, while at the same time allowing it entry into the areas of video and entertainment lighting.

Looking to the Future –

The consolidation efforts that Summe’s management team initiated in 1998 were expected to continue, with the goal of streamlining sites, functions, and processes so as to reduce operating costs and improve quality, consistency, and response time.

The company intended to continue its focused acquisition strategy.

It also planned to continue aggressively developing and marketing new products in its various divisions. Some of the products expected to be introduced were high-volume, cost-effective systems for drug screening, and a Point of Care system that allowed diagnosticians to determine whether or not a patient had suffered a heart attack in just 15-minutes.

In addition to introducing new products, the company also anticipated an increased emphasis on product line extensions and renewals.

EG& G Principal ( Primary List – Public ) Subsidiaries:

EG & G Alabama Inc.; EG & G ASTROPHYSICS ( England ); EG & G ATP GmbH ( Germany ); EG & G ATP GmbH & Co. Automotive Testing Papenburg KG ( Germany ); EG & G Automotive Research Inc.; EG & G CALIFORNIA INC.; EG & G Benelux BV ( Netherlands ); EG & G Canada Investments Inc.; EG & G Canada Limited; EG & G DEFENSE MATERIALS INC.; EG & G do Brasil Ltda.; EG & G E.C. ( UK ); EG & G Emissions Testing Services Inc.; EG & G ENERGY MEASUREMENTS INC.; EG & G Exporters Ltd. ( U.S. Virgin Islands ); EG & G Florida Inc.; EG & G GmbH. ( Germany ); EG & G HOLDINGS INC.; EG & G Hong Kong Ltd.; EG & G IC Sensors Inc.; EG & G Idaho Inc.; EG & G Information Technologies Inc.; EG & G Instruments GmbH. ( Germany ); EG & G Instruments International Ltd.; EG & G Instruments Inc.; EG & G International Ltd.; EG & G Japan Inc. ( USA ); EG & G Judson InfaRed Inc.; EG & G KT AEROFAB INC.; EG & G Langley Inc.; EG & G Ltd. ( UK ); EG & G Management Services of San Antonio Inc.; EG & G Management Systems Inc.; EG & G Missouri Metals Shaping Company Inc.; EG & G Mound Applied Technologies Inc.; EG & G Omni Inc.; EG & G Pressure Science Inc.; EG & G Singapore Pte Ltd.; EG & G SPECIAL PROJECTS INC.; EG & G Star City Inc.; EG & G S.A. ( France ); EG & G SpA ( Italy ); EG & G Technical Services of West Virginia Inc.; EG & G Vactec Philippines Ltd.; EG & G Ventures Inc.; EG & G Watertown Inc.; ANTARTIC SUPPORT ASSOCIATES ( Columbia ); B.A.I. GmbH. ( Germany ); Benelux Analytical Instruments S.A. ( Belgium; 92.3% ); Berthold A.G. ( Switzerland ); Berthold Analytical Instruments Inc.; Berthold France S.A. ( 80% ); Berthold GmbH & Co. KG ( Germany ); Biozone Oy ( Finland ); EC III Inc. ( Mexico; 49% ); Eagle EG & G Inc.; Eagle EG & G Aerospace Co. Ltd.; Heimann Optoelectronics GmbH ( Germany ); Heimann Shenzhen Optoelectronics Co. Ltd. ( China ); NOK EG & G Optoelectronics Corp. ( Japan; 49% ); PRIBORI Oy ( Russia ); PT EG & G Heimann Optoelectronics ( Singapore ); RETICON CORP.; Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Inc.; Science Support Corporation; SEIKO EG & G CO. LTD. ( Japan; 49% ); SHANGHAI EG & G RETICON OPTOELECTRONICS CO. LTD.; Societe Civile Immoiliere ( France; 82.5% ); THE LAUNCH SUPPORT CO. L.C.; VACTEC INC.; WALLAC ADL AG ( Germany ); WALLAC ADL GmbH ( Germany ); WALLAC A/S; WALLAC Holding GmbH ( Germany ); WALLAC Norge AS ( Norway ); WALLAC Oy ( Finland ); WALLAC SVERIGE AB ( Sweden ); WALLAC INC.; WELLESLEY B.V. ( Netherlands ); WRIGHT COMPONENTS INC.; ZAO PRIBORI.

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PART 5

Research –

Keywords:

BaneBerry; Buggy; Cannikin; Dribble; Gnome; HardTack II; Hood; Pile Driver; PlumbBob; Roller Coaster; Rulison; Sedan; Shoal; Strategic Petroleum Reserve Operation ( SPRO ); Vela Uniform; Nuclear Rocket Development Station ( NRDS ); Kit Carson National Forest ( 10DEC67 ) – GasBuggy; Kit Carson National Forest ( AUG79 ) – Schneider’ Borehole Geophysics; Four-Dimensional Process Monitoring.

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– Pittman Station ( Henderson, Nevada ) USAF personnel support for Area 51. – PAX = Pittman Air Station ( USAF ) – PAD = Area 51 Test Site – Personnel Response Phrase For Area 51 ( Nevada ) Access Entry: “I work for ‘EG And G’ at the ‘Site’.”

– –

DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE ( DRI ), New Mexico.

– –

Not likely places to be visited by many of us are those secretly hidden underground, and even more-so underwater – since at least the 1930s.

Superpower nations have reigned supreme based on financial support for programs and projects worked on by some citizens holding ‘deep underground secrets’ hidden for decades by governments reasoning to such workers that their work has been done to protect ‘people’ and ‘property’ – all “in the interest of national security.”

Rarely do ‘government contract worker ants’ ( citizens ) ever realize ‘what it is’ we need to be protected from, and all anyone can think is that it is something bad we could imagine while never being able to comprehend anything ‘unimaginable’ we need protection from. Do any of us really want to know what ‘that is’, which we’re supposedly being protected against?

This report covers ‘unexplainable encounters’ governments decline to publicly explain. Events, buried over time and matters long forgotten about from most memories, that-is until recent events began unfolding a few, putting old stories thought-of as ’myths’ back into perspective today.

Some noteworthy facts, still remain ”classified’ and ‘locked away’ by high level authorities. Some, never revealed on television, motion picture films, books, or newspapers may now be reviewed through selected intelligence bits ‘n pieces ( below ) that may begin to dawn on some of us recalling having once heard of something about one or more but could not recall the source or details.

Legacy reports and more ( below ):

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1975 – California ( Southern and Northern ) and Oregon ( Southern )

California Floats On Ocean?

John J. Williams of CONSUMERTRONICS CO. ( Alamogordo, New Mexico, USA ), said:

“Some time ago, I heard ( on a television interview show ) a man briefly mention that parts of California ( and neighboring states ) are floating on the Pacific Ocean.  He was a high ranking U.S. Navy officer aboard a top secret nuclear submarine that has been ( and is ) ‘exploring’ and ‘mapping’ enormous caverns and passageways underneath the Western U.S. for over 10-years now. A friend of mine finally tracked down the man who is now quietly living in retirement and asked that no details pointing to him be revealed as he does not want publicity and government attention. After writing this article, I destroyed my files on him.  This is his story.”

Williams explained that ‘not all’ areas in-question are actually ‘resting’ or “floating” on the ocean.

Many subterranean cavities are located beneath the western United States but not limited to just “California,” and consist of very large water-filled aquasystem passageways are explored up to several hundred miles inland, by nuclear-powered submarine, particularly in regions of southern California, northern California and southern Oregon.

Williams continues, “…When this U.S. Navy officer retired ( several years ago ), in spite of about 10-years of intensive U.S. Naval Oceanographic study, the U.S. Navy had still not gotten even a handle on their [ subterranean waterway passageway cavaties ] exacts [ oceanographic coordinates ] and dimensions. Today, the story may be different. He [ U.S. Navy officer, retired ] made the following statements from his observations:

1. These passageways are labyrinths with widths from a few [ feet ] up to thousands of feet wide, averaging roughly about a 100-feet across [ wet caverns ];

2. Much like dry caverns, heights and depths vary a great deal, and in some cases two [ 2 ] or more ‘caverns or passageways pass over or under each other’ at different depths;

3. Most of the underwater entrances lie just off the Continental Shelf;

4. Most of the underwater entrances are ‘too small for submarine investigation’, but many that are large enough lie in waters that are too deep [ ultra deep sea ];

5. Some of the caverns ( in southern California ) are topped by oil while others are filled with gases believed approximate to our atmosphere [ in very ancient times ];

6. The San Joaquin Valley [ California ] is essentially a portion of the original cavernous area that collapsed eons ago due to it’s sheer weight;

7. What is being passed-off as the “San Andreas Fault” are large unsupported chambers [ caverns ] that are in the process of collapsing.  When the ‘big one’ [ earthquake ] finally hits, many scientists in the know believe that most of California will break off like a cold Hershey bar [ chocolate candy bar ] and slide into the ocean.

8. [ this item was later deleted due to the individual’s fear that disclosure may in-part – due to recent ( 1985 ) international events – disturb a resolution to the feared problem, a similar scenario to that portrayed in a James Bond motion picture film depicting underground caverns, silicon valley technologies, nuclear weapons, and the San Andreas fault. ];

9. A well known U.S. nuclear submarine lost its way, within these passageways, resulting in its disappearance, but publicly reported as lost amidst open sea elsewhere using a recovery effort cover [ GLOMAR ( Global Marine ) Explorer ];

Williams continued, “I have no reason to doubt the man.  I can’t tell for sure whether or not these caverns and passageways exist or to their extent.  The story does sound a bit fantastic but I have no reason to doubt the man [ retired U.S. Navy officer ].  I have seen copies of documentation at least proving he was a high ranking U.S. Navy officer with nuclear-powered submarine duty, and a distinguished scientist. His scientific background and reputation are impeccable.  He definitely cannot be labeled as a crackpot, lunatic or publicity seeker.

I would very much like more information on this topic …”

Upon further inquiries, by ‘inner earth’ researchers, John J. Williams responded with the following when asked whether or not he [ Williams ] had received any replies to his request for more information about the alleged subterranean aquasystem passageways below California:

“Since publishing our article on the vast cavern network under much of California, we have received many responses and inquiries.  Some of these responses appear to have been from knowledgeable sources.  Note that the material sent to us for this article was written by someone of very high repute whose credentials I personally checked out.  Due to an agreement with him, I cannot reveal his identity.”

John J. Williams continued, “One response was from a retired submarine U.S. Navy Commander claiming to have spent many years in the waters off California and that such caverns do ‘not’ exist. Another response was from an anonymous person who cited unpublished oil company seismographic data stated, ‘Although most of the caverns you depict in your drawing are smaller, larger or located somewhat differently than the actual caverns, you are essentially correct … My information is more up-to-date than what you apparently relied upon.’  He ( or she ) did not supply any maps to pin down our differences, just some written descriptions, however some knowledgeable person could probably deduce his ( or her ) overall ‘map’ from the voluminous seismographic data sent.  I am in the process of looking for this input; it’s been several years now and it may have all been thrown out … Incidentally, the oil company seismic data had much data around the City of Fresno in Central California area if that helps any.”

1970s – California, County of Los Angeles, City of Long Beach

“One incident, which may lend credence to California floating on the ocean was a newspaper story that made ( in recent years ) headlines ( The Press Telegram newspaper of Long Beach, California ) involving an oil discovery beneath Long Beach, California as oil companies pumped oil out-of the ground the entire City of Long Beach began to sink up to 26-feet into the Pacific Ocean, and dikes had to be built to keep the seawater out.  The problem was ( temporarily ) being resolved by ‘water injection’ ( i.e. pumping an equivalent amount of water into the ground caverns to replace the amount of oil removed, in order to keep the City of Long Beach, California afloat.”

1963 April 23 – SubOceania      One note of interest, in connection with the account of John J. Williams, was a statement made by Virginia Louise Swanson, a prominent investigator of the California elusive creature known as “Bigfoot,” a huge hairy creature that walks upright. Virginia L. Swanson has performed considerale studies on cave connections in relationship to the Bigfoot phenomena and its ability to hide so well, and refers to these California dry cavernous openings saying, “Somewhere I got the idea that a big portion of Death Valley [ California ] is located on a shelf of ‘false bedrock’.  A certain type of earthquake would collapse all of it down to an enormous series of caverns that would open-up into another Grand Canyon [ Arizona ].”      According to our knowledge, the only nuclear-powered submarines to ever disappear – under mysterious circumstances – were the USS SCORPION or USS THRESHER.

It is uncertain whether the retired U.S. Navy officer, who John J. Williams spoke of, was referring to the USS SCORPION or USS THRESHER, although the USS THRESHER disappearance caused more publicity as a Flagship, the World’s most advanced class nuclear attack submarine designed to operate deeper in sea depths and more silent ( noise reduction propeller screws ) than any of its predecessor submarine vessels, The U.S.S. THRESHER was also endowed with highly significant advanced sonar equipment, fire-control systems, and was the most advanced international submarine in the World at the time of its disappearance so, it could have easily been an ideal choice as a U.S. Naval Oceanographic underwater global exploratory vessel missioned top secret for caverns mentioned by the U.S. Navy officer earlier interviewed by John Williams.

On April 10, 1963 the USS THRESHER, under command of U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander John W. Harvey, a total of 129 men comprised of the ‘crew’, ‘civilian technicians’, and ‘observers’ – according to official government reports – disappeared without any explanation, trace or clue as to the fate of the vessel or occupants, nothing was ever recovered, and no indications of any oil slicks, radiation, floating debris, or similar signs of wreckage were ever seen.

It is interesting to note that, at the time almost all reports stated the USS THRESHER “disappeared” or was “lost” but no reports indicated it was “sunk” [ or “buried” or “captured” ].

One woman, whose husband was on the ill-fated USS THRESHER, reported she believed her husband was still alive.

Theologically speaking, the possibility of a long distance connection or “communion” on a deep emotional level between a husband and a wife may not always be consigned to the realm of the occult or psychic phenomena.  Many religions believe the very spiritual natures of a husband and a wife are united upon consummation of a marriage and thus become as Christian teachings indicate, “one flesh”.

The actual words of this woman, interviewed by William Carson and Jeannie Joy – two [ 2 ] writers [ columnists for Search Magazine ] devoted to pursuing strange events – shortly after the USS THRESHER disappearance, were as follows:

“My husband was on the submarine THREASHER when it disappeared.  I don’t consider myself a widow.  I don’t believe my husband is dead.  No, it’s not a matter of just not being able to believe it, to accept reality, I just can’t get over the conviction that he’s still alive somewhere.  I love my husband very much.  I know he loved – loves me.  We were very close.  We could always tell when something was wrong with each other.  Intuition, I guess.  I should have felt something the instant there was trouble, if he was really in serious trouble and knew it – a matter of life and death – but I didn’t.”

“What do you believe really happened?” Carson and Joy asked the attractive young woman.

“Most people think I’m crazy when I say this, but I believe the THRESHER was captured.”

“By whom?”

“I can’t say for sure, but there ‘was’ a Russian submarine spotted near there that day ( near ‘where it reportedly vanished 220-miles off Boston harbor ), only I can’t imagine how even the Russians could ‘capture’ a vessel like the THRESHER without leaving the slightest evidence!”

1989 – California, County of Inyo, City of Deep Springs ( east of Owens Valley and Bishop, CA ) and Nevada, Las Vegas

The following account, concerning an area just east of Owens Valley in Bishop, California was related by Val Valerian in his ‘Leading Edge’ newsletter ( December 1989 – January 1990 issue ) article entitled “Deep Springs, California,” stated:

“Deep Springs, California is an area that is becoming known as the site for very strange events.  According to the information released both on the air of KVEG AM radio and from other sources, the area is full of strange people wandering around in black suits. There have also been rumors that there is an underground facility in the area.

Checking with gravity anomaly maps proved that there are large cavities under the ground in that area. The wildest claims relative to the area have stated that alien life-forms are being released there … Deep Springs Lake has been probed and it appears bottomless.

Divers have traveled along an underground river 27-miles toward the Las Vegas, Nevada area before having to turn around.”

1963 – California, County of Inyo-Kern, Bishop & Casa Diablo

In the April 1963 issue of Search Magazine, investigative reporters William Carson and Jeannie Joy, in their regular column ( “Prying Into The Unknown” ) relayed the following information:

“It has always been a mystery to us, in the first place, how Mr. and Mrs. P.E. [ names excised for privacy ] can find and afford the time to do the sort of things most of us only dream of doing.  After knowing them for more than 15-years, it is inconceivable to suspect their integrity or sanity – and yet they impose the following excise upon our credulity.

While exploring for petroglyphs, in the Casa Diablo vicinity of Bishop, California Mr. & Mrs. P.E. came upon a circular hole in the ground, about 9-feet in diameter, which exuded a sulfurous steam and seemed recently to have been filled with hot water.  A few feet from the surface the shaft took a tangent course which looked easily accessible and, upon an impulse with which we cannot sympathize, the dauntless E.’s – armed only with a flashlight – forthwith crawled down into that hole. At a depth we’ve failed to record the oblique tunnel opened into a horizontal corridor whose dripping walls, now encrusted with minerals, could only have been carved by human hands, countless ages ago; of this the E.’s felt certain.

The end of the short passage was blocked by what seemed to be a huge doorway of solid rock which, however, wouldn’t yield.  Their flashlight was turned to a corner where water dripped from a protuberance, which proved to be a delicately carved face, distorted now by the crystallized minerals, and from whose gaping mouth water issued.

As Mr. and Mrs. E. stood there in silent awe – wondering what lay behind that immovable door – the strangest thing of all happened … but our chronology will not be incorrect if we wait until they return to the surface before revealing this, for now the water began gushing from the carved mouth and from other unseen ducts elsewhere in that cave and rising at an alarming rate. They hurried to the surface, and in less than 30-minutes there was only a quite ordinary appearing pool of warm mineral water on the desert floor.

‘Do you know,’ Mrs. E. said to her husband, ‘while I stood down there I heard music – the strangest, most weird music I’d ever heard.  But it seemed to come from everywhere at once or from inside my own head.  I guess it was just my imagination.’

Mr. E. turned pale. ‘My God,’ he said, ‘I thought it was my imagination but I heard it too – like music from some other world!’

Why do they call that rock formation – near where the E’s had their strange experience in Bishop, California – ” Casa Diablo ” [ known in English as ] “Devil House”? And why was that area [ County of Inyo ] named by the Indians as ” Inyo ” [ known in English as ] dwelling place of the great spirit?”

1991 – New Madrid Fault Area ( Central United States & Northeast Mexico )

– Typhlichthys Fish – Interwoven Immense Cave Systems ( Central United States & Southern United States – New Madrid Fault Area ) – Sotano de las Golondrinas Cave Hole ( Aquismo, S.L.P., MEXICO )      Erich A. Aggen Jr., in his article “Top Secret: Alien UFO Bases” ( Search Magazine issue Summer 1991 ), presented the following revelations concerning the UFO subterranean connection:

“A great deal of UFO research has also led to the conclusion that various … species of aliens have set up secret underground bases in the United States and other countries.  It is logical to assume that such bases have also been established elsewhere in the solar system.  If such bases exist, where would we find them?  Existing information allows us to make a few educated guesses.

Earth bases, underground, The dark, cavernous world beneath our feet is the source of many baffling mysteries. Clandestine UFO bases may be hidden deep within the earth in natural and/or artificial caverns.

As a former member of the National Speleological Society ( NSS ), I am well aware of the vast extent of cave systems within the United States.

In my own native state of Missouri, for example, there are over 2,500 known caves and dozens of new ones being discovered every year.  Many of these caves are intricately linked together by numerous passageways and interconnecting chambers.

One particular species of blind white ( albino ) cave fish, known as the TYPHLICHTHYS, has been found in many widely separated cave systems over several states.

Typhlichthys fish been found in caves that make a great arc through the states, of:

Kentucky; Indiana; Illinois; Missouri ( ‘under’ the Mississippi River ); Arkansas; and, Oklahoma

These states rest above one [ 1 ] immense cavern system that comprises a large area of ‘both’ the Central United States and Southern United States where many caves possess rooms hundreds of feet in length, width and height as huge natural caverns only reached and explored with the utmost skill and perseverance.

There are only a few thousand National Speleological Society ( NSS ) members in the U.S. and only a few hundred of this number are active spelunkers so, with few spread over such a large area only a very small fraction of the tens of thousands of known caves in the U.S. have been carefully mapped and explored while thousands of other caves remain undiscovered and unexplored.

Extensive evidence indicates caves in the U.S. may be connected with caves in other parts of the world.

In the Municipio de Aquismo, S.L.P. of Mexico, the cave known as ” Sotano de las Golondrinas ” [ known in English as ] “Basement of the Swallows ” reaches a depth of 1,100 feet ( 334 meters ).

The Sotano de las Golondrinas cave is actually a giant ‘sink hole’ or ‘hole in the ground’. Atop Sotano de las Golondrinas hole is a ‘near circular opening hundreds of feet in diameter that is impossible to climb down the sides of because the walls of the opening are too smooth and “belled-out” so, the only way to reach the bottom is to secure – at its top – a special rope over 1,100 feet long dropped into the sinkhole.

Underground explorers [ spelunkers ] must descend – into the Sotano de las Golondrinas yawning hole – one [ 1 ] person at a time, using special cave repelling gear and climbing techniques.  At the bottom of the Sotano de las Golondrinas hole are numerous ‘leads’ ( openings ) that feed into multiple different crevices, passageways, crawlways and rooms never mapped or investigated.

Sotano de las Golondrinas cave entrance is located in one of the most primitive and uncivilized areas of Mexico, and local inhabitants are afraid to approach the cave because they believe it is full of ‘evil spirits’ luring people to their deaths.  They tell stories of people mysteriously disappearing never to be heard from again while passing near the cave entrance.

These stories may be based more on fact than fiction as they are similar in some respects to UFO [ unidentified flying objects ] abduction reports.

Because of the Sotano de las Golondrinas huge hole size, remote location and unique geological structure it would be an ideal UFO [ unidentified flying objects ] base.  Naturally camouflaged caves, in other parts of the world, may serve as excellent natural bases, way-stations or depots for UFOs.

1968 December – Nevada and Canada

In December 1968, the ” SCHOONER EXPERIMENT ” was an underground nuclear test conducted that substantiates the theory that caves in North America and South America are intimately linked.

The Schooner Experiment was a 35-kiloton nuclear bomb exploded under the Nevada desert, however 5-days later and 1,000 miles further away in Canada 5-days test radiation levels rose up to 20 times greater than at the Nevada test site.  The only way the radioactive dust could have traveled that far is through an interconnected system of caves extending all the way from Nevada to Canada!”

1932 – California, Death Valley, Panamint Mountains

Bourke Lee authored the book, ‘Death Valley Men’ ( MacMillan Co., N.Y. 1932 ), wherein Chapter “Old Gold” described a conversation Bourke Lee had with a small group of Death Valley, California residents speaking of Native American Paihute Indian legends when two ( 2 ) men ( Jack and Bill ) began describing their experience with accidentally discovering an ‘underground city’ after one of them fell through the bottom of an old mine shaft near Wingate Pass where they began following a natural underground quay like tunnel system ( apparently formerly lit by subterranean gas light ) traveling 20-miles northward on an incline taking them to a higher level with an exit out onto a ledge looking about halfway down the slope of the eastern face of the Panamint Mountains, but back down within the tunnel system they came across a huge ancient underground cavern city that contained many sights, including several perfectly preserved mummified bodies ( mummies ) still wearing thick arm bands, gold spears, a ‘large polished round table’ within another huge ancient chamber, giant statues comprised of gold, stone vaults where ‘drawers’ were filled with a variety of precious gem stones and gold bars, stone doors perfectly counterweighted easy to open, amongst other amazing sights, as well as ‘extremely heavy stone wheelbarrows’ designed with scientific counterweight construction for perfect balance so they could easily be manipulated.

From the ledge, they could see Furnace Creek Ranch and its Arroyo ( a water wash ) below them in Death Valley where they realized it was formerly filled with water so, they concluded that having previously seen the underground city system of huge archway openings could have been ancient waterway docks for large boats.

Bourke Lee was further informed that they brought some of the treasure out of the caverns and tried to set up a deal with certain people, including scientists associated with the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE ( Washington, D.C. ) to garner assistance in further exploring and publicizing this ancient underground city as one of the wonders of the World, but there efforts ended in disappointment when a friend of theirs stole the treasure ( their ‘evidence’ ) and were consequently scoffed at and rejected by scientists because when the discoverers went to show the ‘mine’ entrance after a then apparent cloud-burst brought such severe rains upon the entire hillsides were washed down over entire countryside landscape areas rearranged to obscure the entrance location.

The last time Bourke Lee heard from his friends, Bill and Jack, they were preparing to climb the eastern face of the Panamint Mountains to locate the ancient tunnelled-out ledge opening – located half way up the side of that steep slope. Bourke Lee never saw or heard from his discoverer friends ( Jack and Bill ) again.

During their initial lengthy conversation with Bourke Lee, the two ( 2 ) discoverers ( Jack and Bill ) had previously ‘revealed secrets of the underground city’ to others, but they discussed many things, including:

An alleged ‘subterranean race’ living in deep underground caverns beneath the ‘former seabed floor area’ of what is now the desert area of Death Valley, California.

There was another conversation about a remarkable Native American ‘Paihute tribe legend’ similar to an ancient myth of Greece.

The Paihute legend surrounds the death of the wife of a tribal Chief who, according to Native American tradition, took a ‘spiritual journey to the underworld’ to locate her, and amazingly upon returning with her he forbiddenly ‘looked back’ and was then prevented from bring his wife the remainder of the back from the dead.

This would not be the same as a more tangible earlier report from the Native American Navaho indian Oga-Make who conveyed that a Native American Paihute indian tribal Chief was alleged to have been ‘physically’ taken into the Native American “Hav-musuv” tribe subterranean cities beneath the Panamint Mountains.

Paihute indian legends, of the Hav-musuvs indicate these ancient Panamint Mountain dwellers abandoned their ancient city within by migration deeper into larger caverns below.

Could these reports coincide with the Paihute legends of the Hav-musuvs?

Bourke Lee, discourse ( below ):

“… The ‘professor’, ‘Jack’ and ‘Bill’ sat in the little canvas house in ‘Emigrant Canyon’, and heard the legend all the way through.

The professor said, ‘That story, in its essentials, is the story of Orpheus and Eurydice.’ ( Greek mythology )

‘Yes,’ I said, ‘it’s also a Paiute legend. Some indians told that legend to ‘John Wesley Powell’ in the sixties.’ ( 1960s )

‘That’s very interesting,’ said the professor.  ‘It’s so close a parallel to Orpheus and Eurydice that the story might well have been lifted bodily from the Greeks.’

Jack said, ‘I wouldn’t be surprised.  I knew a Greek.  I forgot his name, but he ran a restaurant in almost every mining town I ever was in.  He was an extensive wanderer.  The Greeks are great travelers.’

Bill said, ‘They don’t mean restaurant Greeks.  The Greeks they’ve talked about have been dead for thousands of years.’

‘What of it?’ asked Jack, ‘maybe the early Greeks were great travelers, too.’

The professor said, ‘It’s very interesting.’

‘Now! About that tunnel,’ said Bill, with his forehead wrapped in a frown, ‘You said this indian went through a tunnel into a strange country, didn’t you?’

‘Yes,’ I said, ‘I think I called it a cave or a cavern, but I suppose a miner would call it a tunnel. Why?’

‘Here’s a funny thing,’ said Bill, ‘This Indian trapper living right across the canyon has a story about a tunnel, and it’s not 1,000 years old either. Tom Wilson told me that his grandfather went through this tunnel and disappeared. He was gone 3-years, and when he came back he said he’d been in a strange country living among strange people. That tunnel is supposed to be somewhere in the Panamints ( Panamint Mountains ) not awful far from where we’re sittin. Now! What do you make of that?’

Jack said, ‘I think Tom’s grandfather was an awful liar.’

I said, ‘Tom’s grandfather lived when the Paiutes ( Native American indian tribe ) were keeping their tribal lore alive. He probably knew the old legend.  Powell ( John Wesley Powell ) heard it in Nevada only 65-years ago.’

‘It’s very interesting,’ said the professor.

‘I got an idea about it,’ said Bill ( thoughtfully ), ‘Tom’s grandfather might have wandered into some tunnel all goofy from chewin’ jimson weed and then come out an found some early whites ( pioneer caucasian settlers ) and stayed with them. Tom told me that the people spoke a queer language and ate food that was new to his grandfather and wore leather clothes. They had horses and they had gold. It might have been a party in Panamint Valley, or even early explorers or early settlers in Owens Valley ( California ). How about that?’

Jack said, ‘Yeah. The Spaniards ( Spain ) were in here, too. So it might have been Spaniards ( Spanish ) or the early Greeks ( Greece ). And, where is this tunnel? And why did Tom’s grandfather have trouble speaking the language? This is an entirely different story than the one Buck told.  We are arriving at no place at all with these Indians and Greeks. To return – for a moment – to our discussion of geology, professor, ‘Have you been in Nevada much?’

From that point forward the conversation went onto another subject.

1970′s ( early ) – California, County of Kern, Garlock, Goler, and Mojave

An area in the [ southern California ] Mojave Desert region, that may connect to the U.S. Western Region subterranean ( subsurface ) drainage network, involves “Red Mountain” ( also known as the “Iron Mountain Range” ) [ 1-mile northwest from the old ghost town of Garlock, California ] where one [ 1 ] of its [ southeastern ] peaks in the “El Paso Mountains” – [ about 20-miles ] northeast of Mojave, California where there are many bizarre accounts connected with this mountain that apparently got it’s name in-part from the many old mines which can be found there, along with numerous natural cavities which open out to the surface in many different areas.

The area has allegedly been the site of certain activity concerning Native American Indian ritual and occult practices, as well as the site of alleged secret government activity, some of which reportedly involves the observation and monitoring of strange [ biological ] creatures and ‘automatons’ [ half and half, “Man-Machines” (aka) “Manchines” ] said to stealthily ( night cloakers ) emerge from seemingly out-of nowhere ( faint sound of electronic whirring ) that travels up and down and into the [ canyon ] areas on occasions.

Just exactly what these ‘bionic creatures’ are is uncertain, but some accounts indicate that they are dangerous!

Could it also be a ‘magnetic’ zone due to the high iron content [ within the “Iron Mountain” range ]?

During the early 1970′s, on ‘no less than’ two ( 2 ) seperate occassions have U.S. federal government employees mysteriously disappeared from ”Red Mountain” range areas, and not reported back for work the following day.

The second [ 2nd ] occassion was, when a U.S. government employee went missing while investigating the previous disappearance of the U.S. government employee during the first [ 1st ] occassion.

While all of the facts, surrounding United States missing federal employees were not released to the public, portions of information were discovered early-on into the case situation that was limitedly documented by a few additional facts:

… [ EDITED-OUT ] …

Some of this particular report is only held ‘in-part’ as ‘proprietary information’ by Kentron Intellect Research, and ‘officially’ in-full by the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ), U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigations, and other U.S. government authorities governing release of sensitive information. ]

– West Virginia, County of Webster ( Northern )

Some years ago, a woman by the name of Joan Howard – at the time living in eastern Canada although originally from Britain ( UK ) – wrote a manuscript in which she described her own paranormal experiences with small “alien” entities.

Joan had experienced several UFO type abduction / encounters while at a very young age when she still lived in Britain ( UK ), and claimed to have had ‘psychic contact’ with [ biological ] beings that claimed to be of extraterrestrial origin.

These experiences were accompanied by a great deal of occult manifestations – such as poltergeist phenomena, psychic dreams, encounters with invisible entities, etc.

Joan even admitted that she often doubted the claims of these [ biological ] ‘beings’ – their actions being manipulative and just didn’t seem to coincide with their claims of being here as some kind-of ‘group of cosmic saviors’ to ‘lead humanity’ into a ‘New Age’ of ‘enlightenment’.

She also warned other researchers, to retain a “keen analytical mind” – when dealing with alien entities – so as not to fall under possible deception or manipulation.

Perhaps, as she suggested to others, they [ alien beings ] ‘might actually be here’ to ‘prepare for a future invasion of this planet’ and were merely ‘using her for various purposes to help prepare the way’, and that all of their ‘benevolence’ talk was just that – talk!

She ‘did’ describe vivid “dreams” in which she saw ‘alien craft hovering over major cities blasting frightened and terrified people in the streets’ with powerful ‘beam weapons’ – ‘dreams’, which she suggested, might be somewhat ‘prophetic’ in nature.

She described the [ biological ] entities as being small or dwarfs, yet was unsure whether they were human or not – although they ‘did’ attempt to pass themselves off as some type of ‘evolved human species’ – something which the ‘Grays’ [ biological alien beings ] have apparently done in order to break down any natural enmity which might prevent their ‘contactees’ or ‘abductees’ from receiving the lies which they intentionally fed them as part of their program of conquest and control.

Joan Howard, incidentally, wrote a privately published book, “The Space – Or Something – Connection,” which is referred to because it dealt with some experiences her husband had – shortly after she came to America.

In fact she devoted an entire chapter of her book ( “The Space – Or Something – Connection” ) to her husband’s account, which involved some incidents that took place while he was doing some field work for a certain company requiring a great deal of activity outdoors, and her husband and his co-workers travelled through some relatively unpopulated terrain in West Virginia regional areas between Newville, West Virginia ( Braxton County ) and Helvetia, West Virginia ( Randolph County ) general around northern Webster County, West Virginia where through mountains of rolling hill forests and wilderness he encountered some very strange things and heard accounts of strange cave related incidents from the locals.

During, which at one point, her husband claimed their group ran across what appeared to be a pipe sticking up from the ground – far away from the nearest town – where there was no other sign of civilization or anything man-made for miles on either side; yet here was this large pipe or tube sticking straight up from the ground.

The most remarkable thing about the pipe was that a flame of fire was shooting straight up out-of the pipe as if it were burning-off some type of gas – they never found out just what it was – but it was ‘within this same general area’ they explored ‘caverns’ containing unexplained issues.

One ( 1 ) of the caves displayed strange hieroglyphic writings on its walls, according to some men, while others claimed also hearing faint volumes of voices – behind the walls of the cave, in-addition to faint sounds – coming from beneath the cave floor – as though machines were moving around within ‘underground’ depths.

Her husband claimed, that after a long work day in the field, one evening two ( 2 ) men fell asleep at the mouth of one particular cave that inside ( a great distance away ) contained an unexplored but apparently very deep chasm ( hole ), and the following morning one ( 1 ) of the two ( 2 ) men awoke ( in front of that cave ) but found his partner had disappeared – no trace was ever found of that missing employee.

That particular cave had been known as a place of unusual occurrences, and a place to stay away from. Some even went so far as to call it “Satan’s Lair.”   Whatever the case circumstances may actually be, all the aforementioned information may provide some additional awareness into what may have surrounded that employee’s disappearance.

One of the most remarkable accounts that Joan Howard’s husband heard involved a man claiming, that while exploring labyrinth depths of a particular cavern in the same area of north Webster County, West Virginia ( USA ), he suddenly came face to face with an attractive woman completely void of any hair on her head, and the woman spoke in a language completely foreign to the man – whereupon after unsuccessfully trying at great lengths to communicate with each other they departed and went their separate ways.

1989 – California ( Southern )

On November 3rd, 1989 Ken Hudnell, a well-known Los Angeles, California radio talk show host announced – over broadcast airwaves – his intention to take a group to visit ‘one of the ancient underground cities’ that had an ‘entrance’ located 60-miles from Anaheim, California. ( The Leading Edge Magazine )

1962 – California ( City of Mojave ), Nevada ( Carson City ), Utah ( Zion Canyon ) and Arizona ( Page )

During the 1940′s, one of the few specialized publications – that grew out-of the Palmer – Shaver ( Richard S. Shaver ) controversy – was The Hidden World ( issue A-8 ) reporting about a letter released from Charles Edwards ( aka ) Chuck Edwards, a researcher, surrounding what many people ( especially those throughout southern California ) have believed for decades based on having been officially told the United States Western Regional area subterranean drainage ultimately all flows into the Pacific Ocean.      Later, in 1962, Chuck Edwards released some of his own discoveries surrounding the “Western Subsurface Drainage Network” ( i.e. southern California, Nevada, and Utah ) that ‘does not’ “ultimately flow into the Pacific Ocean,” but actually flows ‘underground’ through a ‘vast subterranean network drainage system’ dumping elsewhere.

Addressed to Richard S. Shaver, the Chuck Edwards’ letter reply is quoted ( below ):

“This letter is in reply to your January 31 letter.  Please forgive me for not answering sooner.  Enclosed is some material I hope that you can glean something of value [ from ].  Please be as candid as you have been in the past and if I am far off base don’t hesitate to tell me. …

Our foundation has located a vast system of underground passages in the Mother Lode country of California. They were first discovered in 1936, ignored by all even with our best efforts to reveal them.

Recently a road crew blasted out an opening verifying our claims. One [ of the chambers is ] 200-feet long, 70-feet wide and 50-feet high.

We have disclosed what we believe to be a vast subterranean drainage system ( probably traversing the Great American Desert country for a distance of more than 600-miles ).

We believe this system extends out like five [ 5 ] fingers of your hand to such landmarks as Zion Canyon in Utah, the Grand Canyon [ Arizona ], another runs south from the Carson Sink in Nevada, and yet another follows [ below ] the western slope of the same range – joining it’s counterpart and ending somewhere in the Mojave Desert [ southern California ].

We believe – contrary to orthodox geologists – that the existence of this underground system, drains all surface waters running into Nevada ( none, with the exception of the Armagosa, runs out ) and accounts for the fact that it is a Great American Desert. The hairy creatures, that you have written about, have been seen in several of these areas. Certainly there has been much ‘saucer’ [ UFO ] activity in these parts. For 2-years, I have collected material pertinent to these creatures and if you have any opinions along these lines I would appreciate hearing them.

So much for now.  I hope that I am still your friend.

Much of my time has been devoted [ to ] helping a farmer near Portland [ Oregon ] who has made a fantastic discovery of incredible stone artifacts. He has several tons of them. They predate anything yet found ( or accepted ) let us say that for now.

We are making slow but steady progress in getting through the wall of orthodoxy.

– Chuck Edwards”

1946 – California ( Northern ), Mt. Lassen, Cascade Mountains, Cascadia Fault, Oregon, Washington and Canada ( British Columbia )

Following the Sierra Nevada [ mountain ] range from here [ California ] into the northern territories, one arrives at the Cascade Range [ mountains ], consisting mostly of dormant or extinct volcanic mountains rising at intervals through the U.S. northern State of California, Oregon, Washington, and into southwestern Canada.

The Cascade Range [ Cascadia Fault zone ] is not without it’s own peculiar accounts of subterranean recesses occupied by unknown beings – both human and non-human – apparently rediscovering what are portions of ancient antediluvian underground networks, which some say were inhabited by a race of intelligent [ biological ] but war-like hybrid reptiles genetically resembling instances of humanoid shapes.

There are many unanswered questions as to just how the subsurface world was used or exactly what role it may have played in relation to subterranean ancient legends of inhabitant races, but the following account may explain some mysteries by envisioning a clearer and broader perspective.

Around September 1946, Ralph B. Fields submitted his account to Amazing Stories Magazine ( December 1946 issue, pp. 155-157 ), with the assurance that it actually happened and his facts were true, as follows:

“In beginning this narrative and the unexplained events that befell my friend and myself, I offer no explanation, nor do I even profess to offer any reason.  In fact I have yet to find a clue that will even in part offer any explanation whatever. Yet as it did happen, there must be some rhyme or reason to the whole thing. It may be that someone can offer some helpful information to a problem that just should not exist in these times of enlightenment.

To begin with, if we had not been reading an article in a magazine telling us about the great value of guano, ( i.e. old cave bat excrement / dung droppings as being highly valued fertilizer ] that have accumulated over a great number of years, we would have continued to mend our merry way through life without ever having a thing to worry about. But having read the article as we were at the time living near a small town called Manten in Tehama County, California we thought that would be a good country to explore for a possible find of this kind.

After talking it over for some time, and as we had plenty of time just then, we decided to take a little trip up the country just back of us.

As we were almost at the foot of Mount Lassen, that seemed the best place to conduct our little prospecting tour.

Collecting a light camping outfit, together with a couple of tents to sleep in, we started out on what we expected to be a 3 or 4-day jaunt up the mountain … I guess we covered about 10 or 12-miles on the 3rd day and it was fast approaching time to begin to look for a place to spend the night and the thought was not very amusing as it had turned a little colder and we were well over 7,000 feet above sea level.

We soon found a sheltered place, beneath a large outcrop of rock, and set about making a camp.

As I was always the cook, and Joe the chore boy, I began getting things ready to fix us some grub. Joe began digging around for some dead scrub brush to burn.

I had things all ready and looked around for Joe and his firewood, but I could see no signs of him.

I began calling for him, and he soon came into sight from around the very rock where we were making our camp.

And I knew he was laboring under some great excitement and his face was lit up like a Christmas tree.

He had found a cave.

The entrance was on the other side, of that very rock.

He was all for exploration right away.

But I argued that we had better wait till morning.

But he argued that, in a cave it was always night and we would have to use flashlights anyway, so what would be the difference?

Well, we finally decided that we would give it at least a once-over after we had a bite to eat.

It wasn’t much to call a ‘cave’ – at first – as it had a very small entrance, but back about 20-feet it widened out to about 10-feet wide and around 8-feet high. And it did reach back a considerable distance as we would see at least 100-yards and it appeared to bend off to the left. The floor sloped slightly down. We followed to the bend and again we could see a long way ahead and down … At this point we became a little afraid as we were some way into the mountain …

I don’t know how far we went, but it must have been 1-mile or 2-miles, as we kept on walking and the cave never changed it’s contour or size. Noticing this I mentioned it to Joe.

And we discovered an amazing thing. The floor seemed to be worn smooth as though it had been used for a long time as a path or road. The walls and ceiling of the cave seemed to be cut like a tunnel. It was solid rock and we knew that no one would cut a tunnel there out of rock as there had been no sign of mining operations ( tailings ). And the rock in the walls and ceiling was run together like it had been melted. Or fused from a great heat.

[ UPI NOTE INSERT ( here ): It is believed the U.S. government possesses PlasMole ( aka ) “Terron Drive” ( ref.: Paul Peter Schneider ) tunneling machines that travel at 5-mph and can permeate – by melting – a 50-foot hole through solid rock. ]

While we were busy examining the cave in general, Joe swore he saw a light way down in the cave.

We started down the cave once more and found a light. Or should I say the light found us as it was suddenly flashed into our faces. We stood there blinded by it for a minute until I flashed my light at it’s source and saw we were confronted by three [ 3 ] men. These men looked to be about 50 or a little younger. They were dressed in ordinary clothing such as is worn by most working men in the locality. Levi type pants and flannel shirts and wool coats. They wore no hats. But their shoes looked strange as their soles were so thick that they gave the impression of being made of wood.

There stood three [ 3 ] men looking at us in a cave, 1-mile or so in the depths of old Mount Lassen … One of them spoke to us. He asked what we were looking for … we came to the conclusion that we had better retreat. Turning to go we were confronted by two [ 2 ] more of them. One of the strangers told us, ‘I think maybe you had better come with us.’ … So we permitted the five [ 5 ] to escort us deeper into the depths of old Mt. Lassen … They had led us farther down and I guess we had gone a couple more miles when we came to the first thing that really amazed us.”

We came to a place where the cavern widened out a little and we saw some kind of machine, if it can be called that. Though I had no chance to examine it closely at the time, I did later and it was a very strange contrivance. It had a very flat bottom, but the front was curved upward something like a toboggan. The bottom plate was about 8-inches thick and it was the color of pure copper. But it was very hard tempered. Although I have had a lot of experience in metals and alloys, I had no opportunity to examine it closely enough to determine just what it was. I doubt very much if I could.

It had a seat in the front directly behind a heavy dashboard affair and there was a dial shaped in a semi-circle with figures or markings on it. I had not the slightest idea what they stood for, but they were very simple to remember. If there was a motor, it was in the rear.

All I could see was two [ 2 ] horseshoe or magnet-shaped objects that faced each other with the round parts to the outside. When this thing was in operation, a ‘brilliant green arc’ seemed to leap between the two [ 2 ] and to continue to glow as it was in operation. The only sound it gave off was a hum or buzz that sounded like a battery charger in operation.

The seat in the front was very wide.

The only method of operation was a ‘black tear-shaped object’, which hung from the panel by a chain.

One [ 1 ] of these men – sitting in the middle – took this thing and touched the sharp end to the first [ 1st ] figure on the ‘left side’ of the dial.

When he touched the first [ 1st ] figure, the contraption seemed to move almost out from under us, but it was the smoothest and quietest take-off I ever experienced. We seemed to float. Not the slightest sound or vibration.

And after we had traveled for 1-minute he touched the ‘next [ 2nd ] figure’ on the dial and our speed increased at an alarming rate.

But when he had advanced the black object over past the center of the dial, our speed increased until I could hardly breathe.

I can’t begin to estimate the distance we had traveled or our speed, but it was terrific.

The two [ 2 ] horseshoe objects in the rear created a green light that somehow shone far ahead of us, lighting up the cavern for a long way.

I soon noticed a black line running down the center of the cavern and our ‘inner-mountain taxi’ seemed to follow that.

I don’t know how long we continued our mad ride, but it was long enough for us to become used to the terrific speed and we had just about overcome our fear of some kind of wreck when we were thrown into another spasm of fear. Another machine of the same type was approaching us head on. I could see that our captors were very nervous, but our speed continued.

As the other machine became closer our speed slowed down very fast and we came to a smooth stop about 2-feet from the front of the other machine.

Our machine had no sooner stopped than our captors leaped from the machine and started to dash away.

A ‘fine blue light’ leaped from the other machine in a ‘fine pencil beam’ and it’s sweep caught them and they fell to the cavern and lay still.

The figures dismounted from the other machine and came close to us.

Then I noticed they carried a strange object in their hands. It resembled a ‘fountain pen flashlight with a large round bulb-like affair on the back end and a grip’ – something like a German luger pistol.

They pointed them at us. After seeing what had happened to our erstwhile captors I thought that our turn was next, whatever it was.

But one [ 1 ] spoke to us.

“Are you surface people?”

I guess we are, as this is where we came from very recently.

“Where did the horlocks find you?”

If you mean those guys, I pointed to the five [ 5 ] motionless figures, back there a few hundred miles – I pointed toward the way we had come in our wild ride.

“You are very fortunate that we came this way,” ‘he’ told us, “You would have also become horlocks and then we would have had to kill you also.”

That was the first time I had realized that the others were dead. They put their strange weapons away and seemed friendly enough, so I ventured to ask them the who and why and everything we had run into.

I told them of our search for guano and how we had encountered the five [ 5 ] horlocks, as he called them, and asked ‘him’ about the machines, their operation and could we get out again?

He smiled and told us, “I could not tell you too much as you would not understand. There are so many things to explain and you could not grasp enough of what I could myself tell you. The ‘people on the surface’ are ‘not ready to have the things’ that ‘the ancients’ have left. Neither I nor any one in any of the caverns know why these things work, but we do know how to operate some of them. However, ‘there are a great many evil people here who create many unpleasant things for both us and the surface people’. They are safe because ‘no one on the surface believes us or them’. That is why I am telling you this. No one would believe that we exist. We would not care, but there are many things here that ‘the outer world must not have until they are ready to receive them’, as ‘they would completely destroy themselves, so ‘we must be sure that they do not find them’. As for the machine, I don’t know how it works, but I know some of the principles of it. It works simply by gravity. And it is capable of reverse. The bottom plate of it always is raised about 4-inches from the surface of the floor. That is why there is no friction and has such a smooth operation. This ‘object suspended from this chain is pure carbon’. It is the key to the entire operation. As I told you before, I cannot explain why it runs, but it does. We want you two [ 2 ] to ‘return to where you came’ and ‘forget about us’. We will show you ‘how to operate the sled’ and ‘we want you never again to enter the cave’. If you do – and you do not encounter the horlocks – we will have to do something about you ourselves so, ‘it would not be advisable to try to return at all events’. One thing I can tell you. ‘We never could permit you to leave another time’.”

He explained to us the operation of the machine and in some way reversed it’s direction.  So thanking them, we seated ourselves in the sled, as he had called it, and were soon on our way back.

Our return trip was really something we enjoyed, as I was sure not to advance the carbon far enough on the dial to give us such terrific speed, but we soon found ourselves where we started from.  The sled slid to a smooth stop and we jumped out and started up the cave afoot.

We must have walked a long way coming in, for we thought we never would come to the surface.  But at last we did.  And it was late afternoon when we emerged.

We lost no time in making our way down the mountain, and Joe tells me that he isn’t even curious about what is in that cave. But I am.

What is the answer to the whole thing?  I would like to know.

We had been told enough for me to believe that down there – somewhere – there are things that might baffle the greatest minds of this Earth. Sometimes I’m tempted to go back into that cave if I could find it again, which I doubt, but, then I know the warning I heard in there might be too true, so I guess I had better be of the same mind as Joe.  He says: ‘What we don’t know don’t hurt us’.

Regardless of Joe’s opinion, however, there is reason to believe that influences from these nether regions can and do affect “us” in a profound way, and even the men whom Ralph and Joe encountered, whoever they were, admitted this fact.

====

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Unmanned Combat Aerial Submarine ( UCAS )

Unmanned Combat Aerial Submarine ( UCAS )
by, Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV )

March 17, 2011 08:42:22 ( PST) Updated ( Originally Published: January 17, 2011 22:42 )

CALIFORNIA, Mojave – March 17, 2011 – U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) military science and technology ( S&T ) department has created yet ‘another’ Unmanned Combat Aerial Submersible Vehicle ( UCASV ) that can descend from Low Earth Orbit ( LEO ) flightpaths to approach and submerge a body of water ( oceanic or lake ) where the target is located.

From a remote-control underground desert facility ( Muroc, California ) this aerial combat submarine ( UCASV ) also employs a strategic morphing technology offense for approaching targets beneath the surface, afterwhich mission success this UCASV rises from sea depths with its delta wing ( hydrafoil ) design water-to-air surface breaking power engages its thrust-vectoring engine propulsion system aides short distance smooth water-to-air.

Not since the DARPA program LOCCAS powered LOCKHEED project U.S. Navy remote-controlled cruise torpedo or the DARPA program TACIT BLUE experimental BOEING project Bird of Prey combat aerial vehicle ( image above ) – combined – has a more advanced program developed, however since 2008 such proceeded beyond demonstrator development garnered several private-sector developer designs pushing a DoD DARPA project contract to have begun by 2011 building several versions.

[ PHOTO ( above ): ‘early version’ LOCCAS powered remote-controlled cruise torpedo  ( click to enlarge ) ]

[ PHOTO ( above ): latter version LOCCAS powered remote-controlled cruise torpedo  ( click to enlarge ) ]

[ PHOTO ( above ): DARPA program TACIT BLUE experimental BOEING project Bird of Prey combat aerial vehicle using ‘new Stealth design-cover’ on PRATT & WHITNEY ‘cylindrical-style single engine’ ( click to enlarge ) ]

While hydrodynamics and aerodynamics have similar principle aspects, profound technological challenges existed as Unmanned Aerial Submersible Combat Vehicle ( UASCV ) must be lightweight ( Dupont carbon fiber using 3M carbon resins ) – for minimal power consumption to become airborne – while simultaneously possessing sufficient material hull density to withstand oceanic pressures at variable depths.

Aircrafts that are ‘heavier-than-air’ obtain lift from wing airflow displacement, however submarines regulate buoyancy by pumping water in and out of ballasts within certain hull locations.

One method of getting around the latter problem is to design a ‘lighter-than-water’ submarine with an ‘upside-down flexible ( morphing technology ) batwing aerial submarine vehicle’ using reverseable lift generation alternating ‘delta bat-wing’ directional force design technology facilitating craft navigation through oceanic subsurfaces ( and upon surfacing therefrom ) where drag reduction is virtually eliminated by easily altering its ‘flexible whale tail angle of attack’ generating upward lift allowing a variable propulsion drive system to move the Unmanned Aerial Submersible Combat Vehicle ( UASCV ) amidst a variety of environments.

[ PHOTO ( above ): RocketDyne Division AeroSpike XRS-2200 thrust vector navigation ‘lateral-style engine’ on testbed in Sylmar, California ( click to enlarge ) ]

[ PHOTO ( above ): BOEING RocketDyne Division XRS-2200 AeroSpike thrust vector navigation ‘lateral-style engine’ diagramatic  ( click to enlarge ) ]

[ PHOTO ( above ): DARPA program HAVE BLUE project LOCKHEED Stealth Fighter F-117E using ‘legacy Stealth design-cover’ shielding the RocketDyne XRS-2200 thrust vector navigation ‘lateral-style engines’ ( click to enlarge ) ]

Modified versions of BOEING legacy Rocketdyne XRS-2200 AeroSpike thurst vector navigation ‘lateral engines’ ( 2 ) – based on those formerly used in the U.S. Air Force LOCKHEED F-117E Stealth Reconaissance Fighter ( image ‘immediately’ above ) – are used in miniature tandems ( 2 ) on Aerial Submersible Vehicles ( ASV ).

The Unmanned Aerial Submersible Combat Vehicle ( UASCV ) ’satellite blue-green laser-guided remote-controlled navigation propulsion and underwater optical sensing detectors and camera systems’ remains as sensitive as the DARPA LOCCAS powered remote-piloted submersible torpedo ‘satellite blue-green laser-guided remote-controlled navigation propulsion and underwater optical sensing detectors and camera systems’.

 

Submitted for review and commentary by,

 

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Secret ET Technologies

[ NOTE The video ( above ), amidst its computer graphic interface ( CGI ), manipulates many of the actual ‘image document layout photographs of symbolics technology’ and ‘laboratory premise photos of components and sub-structures’ ( removed from the U.S. government classified laboratory Project CARET ), plus ‘select photos’ of unidentified flying objects ( UFO ) bearing similar symbolics worked on by an individual using the alias name “Issac” who publicly released partial details about this story. ]

Secret ET Technologies
by, Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV )

November 22, 2010 12:37:42 ( PST ) Update ( Published: October 23, 2010 )

USA, California, Menlo Park – November 22, 2010 – What some perceived as chicken footprints  may likely be extraterrestrial symbolic construct technologies. Years ago, an individual – using the alias name “Issac” – conveyed a multi-page report ( ” CARET ” ), laboratory photographs, and detailed personal encounters ( from at least 1984 through 1987 ) on what was believed a U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) Program recruiting to work on a specific Project ( believed Phase II or Phase III ) studying what was ‘officially briefed’ to Issac – amongst his task team –  as highly complex relatives of  ’extraterrestrial’ structures, materials, components, construct language symbolics.

Unwanted Publicity Intelligence Annex report ( herein ) will only provide more detailed analysis on Issac provided information that news media organizations half-heartedly carried to the public years ago.

Extraterrestrial materials, although highly complex to what Issac’s group had ever seen in their lives before, saw supercomputers lumber under tasking extremely complex substrates and geometric symbolics, amongst other secret-sensitive items, that Issac and others analyzed and deciphered.

Within the building, amongst other secret-sensitive items, combinatoric studies were not limited to extremely complex substrates, symbolics, and more that developed an extremely complex ‘primer’ in which Issac’s report is named “Commercial Applications Research for ExtraTerrestrial Technology” ( C.A.R.E.T. or CARET ).

Issac’s personal accounting ( further below ) reports the aforementioned work was conducted within what first appeared as only an upscale industrial office complex ‘building’, presumably located in the State of California County of Santa Clara.

Issac describes his facility adjacencies being multi-compartmentalized ‘individual government contractor offices’ – believed assigned to various sensitive tasks for the United States government – whereupon, amongst other compartmentalized secret characteristics ( never mentioned the facility being a ’self-sealing building’ ), were five ( 5 ) underground floors hidden.

Five ( 5 ) stories down, sub-surface levels – not reported by Issac – but easily ascertained must have included:

– One [ 1 ] underground level dedicated parking for ‘secondary staff’ and/or ‘special visitors ( e.g. military officials, etc. ) standard passenger vehicles; and,

– Two [ 2 ] underground level dedicated parking for ‘equipment delivery’ trucks; and,

– Three [ 3 ] underground level dedicated parking for ‘militarized troop personnel’ vans and/or buses.

Carefull observation, when combining all the aforementioned, initially bring a ‘few new questions’ followed by a few ‘remote suppositions’ ( immediately below ):

1. Could Issac’s seemingly ‘personal account’ have actually been ‘cleverly ghost written’ for ‘someone else’?

2. Could Issac have actually been a ‘female’?

3. Could the ‘name’ of the author, “Issac,” have actually been derived from the ‘name’ of a ‘male sibling or spouse’?

4. Could Issac’s seemingly ‘personal account’ have actually ‘taken place geographically elsewhere’?

“Issac” ‘reports’ ( further below ) begin ‘personal accountings’ by ‘laying a foundation scene’ surrounding the State of California County of Santa Clara “Silicon Valley” industrial technology history. Issac then simply includes a report ‘cover page’ entitled, “Palo Alto CARET Laboratory” so, for all intents and purposes readers may ‘then instantly gravitate with the assumption’ that Issac’s ‘personal account took place in Palo Alto, California’, but then “Issac” mentions – but does not detail – only very few ‘building characteristics’ and uses the most ‘general of terms’. Might Issac have ‘purposely laid such a foundation’ after ‘altering the true facility name on he report’ to only be known as the “Palo Alto CARET Laboratory” or “PACL” when the ‘building’ may have actually been ‘remotely located elsewhere’ albeit within or under a ‘temporary U.S. government contract project’ and/or ‘adjunct’ of yet another larger organization.

Was Issac’s ‘reported building’ just a stand-alone upscale city street-side industrial office building made of normal iron re-enforced concrete / cement walled tilt-up construction?

At the time, of Issac’s personal account’, the former ROCKWELL SCIENCE CENTER PALO ALTO LABORATORY ( 444 High Street, Suite #400, Palo Alto, California 94301 ) existed near a plethora of ‘other such organization buildings’ performing secret-sensitive work in the Silicon Valley area of northern California.

Plenty of such ‘remotely located buildings’ exist.

To name a ‘few’, are ‘buildings remotely situated’ at the U.S. National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico and although ‘such buildings and private contractors are geographically situated there’, funding secrets are hidden under ‘administrative domain auspices’ of the ‘University of California’.

But where do “Issac’s” reported ‘armed military personnel’ easily appear from in such a ‘building’?

Other ‘remotely situated buildings’ also exist – under U.S. government contract to private companies – on military reservations such as the United States Air Force Research Laboratory ( ARL ) that oversees “PHILIPS Laboratory” secret-sensitive work performed and tested ‘near but not within’ Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico but secretly hidden on that huge ‘reservation’.

[ PHOTO ( above): PHILIPS Laboratory at Kirkland Air Force Base, New Mexico ( USA ) NOTE: click to enlarge photo details. ]

In southern California, Edwards Air Force Base reservation holds unique offerings, amongst other secrets, where after a vehicle passes the ‘entrance sign’ it must continue to be driven an additional 20-miles further before even reaching the ‘main gate’ to gain ‘official admittance’ but with ‘further restricted movement’, whereupon scattered – all around that ‘reservation’ – are a plethora of ‘remotely situated buildings’ under ‘use’ by ‘private business U.S. government contract holders performing, amongst other things, U.S. government secret-sensitive work within a complex of buildings such as  those seen inside Area 51 ( also known as ) the Lazy G Ranch ( also known as ) The Ranch ( Nevada, USA ).

[ PHOTO ( above): Area 51 (aka) Lazy G Ranch (aka) The Ranch ‘main gate’ ( Nevada, USA ) circa 1970s. NOTE: click to enlarge photo details. ]

[ PHOTO ( above): Area 51 (aka) Lazy G Ranch (aka) The Ranch ( Nevada, USA ) circa 1970s. NOTE: click to enlarge photo details. ]

But even Area 51 (aka) the Lazy G Ranch (aka) The Ranch located in the Nevada desert cannot be compared ( here ) to its secret-sensitive  ’sister reservation’ that is only known as a ’proving ground’ someone named ”Dugway” ( Utah, USA ).

In  1968, the U.S. Navy had private contractors build its secret-sensitive China Lake Naval Weapons Station ( near Trona, California ) whereon that ‘reservation’ holds one ( 1 ) building, with eight ( 8 ) subterrainean story floor levels, that is stuck out in the middle of the southern California desert. If the U.S. Navy is a military ship sailing and aircraft flying defense organization, what is it doingwith an 8-story subterrainean building in the middle of a desert?

From within Issac’s given parameter basics describing the reported ‘upscale city industrial office building’ complex – with five ( 5 ) subterrainian stories – the closest resemblance ‘within the State of California County of Santa Clara Silicon Valley area’ that was the  ’unknown building predecessor’ of what later became known as the ‘first privately-owned and operated business’ belonging to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) named QIC ( believed known as ) QUANTUM INTEFACE CENTER ( formerly known as ) IN-Q-IT CORPORATION ( formerly known as ) IN-Q-TEL ( affectionately nicknamed ) CIA-IN-Q-TEL where the CIA business ’special technology’ research and development ( R&D ) was performed – although ‘never fully reported’ about – on ‘applications’ for what would later also be known as ” Commercial Off The Shelf ” ( C.O.T.S. / COTS ) product development of secret-sensitive technologies – ‘products’ in-essence, there would accumulate plenty of, for later distribution –  to be eventually traded for ‘other valuable considerations’ ( only very little press coverage reported it, as “… products to be sold to …”  ) ‘in-exchange’ for which a few ‘private companies’ ( e.g. ‘foreign based company’ PHILIPS, and a few select others ) could possibly offer ‘in-exchange’ for what they ‘could’ or ‘were already providing’ under U.S. government contract(s) that could ‘then’  secretly return U.S. Congress ‘budget approved’ U.S. Department of the Treasury funds by re-routing or mirroring bank wire transferred monies back into the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) private business that could then re-route those monies as deemed fit secretly into yet other out-of U.S. Congressional scrutinized intelligence projects and programs.

But could all this ‘really happen’?

The webpage links ( above ) show who was initially put in-charge and what senior executives were selectively chosen from key private industries that led the private U.S. Central Intelligence Agency business so, it really should come as no surprise to a few understanding mechanics behind international stock market trading and international bank wire transfers between domestic and foreign operations of the United States Federal Reserve System.

[ PHOTO ( above ) : U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) business IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION logo. ]

A few such secret-sensitive self-sealing rad-hard ( anti-radiation hardening concrete / cement via ‘gamma radiation saturation’ ) buildings reposturate – ‘prior to the onslaught of’ a U.S. national emergency – via remote triggering such buildings to submerge their entire mass into underground special covering multi-story holes dug in the ground beneath them.

So, did Issac’s ‘reported building’ have such ‘additional capacities’ or ‘more’?

One might consider such to be more distinct possibilities based on what the “CARET” report entailed and according to “Issac’s” ‘personal accountings’ surrounding such.

Courtesy: Unwanted Publicity Information Group

====

My Experience With The CARET Program And Extra-Terrestrial Technology

by, Isaac [ alias moniker used by the original author ]

June 2007

This letter is part of a package I’ve assembled for Coast to Coast AM [ a nightly broadcast radio station located in the United States of America ] to distribute to its audience. It is a companion to numerous ‘document’ and ‘photo’ scans and should not be separated from them.

You can call me Isaac, an alias I’ve chosen as a simple measure of protection while I release what would be called tremendously ‘sensitive information’ even by todays standards.

‘Sensitive’ is not necessarily synonymous with ‘dangerous’, though, which is why my conscience is clear as I offer this material up for the public.

My government [ United States of America ] has its reasons for its continual secrecy, and I sympathize with many of them, but the truth is that I’m getting old and I’m not interested in meeting my maker one day with any more baggage than necessary.

Furthermore, I put a little more faith in humanity than my former bosses do, and I think that a release of at least some of this information could help a lot ‘more’ than it could ‘hurt’, especially in today’s world.

I should be clear before I begin, as a final note:

I am not interested in making myself vulnerable to the consequences of betraying the trust of my superiors and will not divulge any personal information that could determine my identity.

However my intent is not to deceive, so ‘information that I think is too risky to share’ will be simply ‘left out’ rather than obfuscated in some way ( aside from my alias, which I freely admit is not my real name ).

I would estimate that with the information contained in this letter, I could be narrowed down to one [ 1 ] of maybe 30 to 50 people at best, so I feel reasonably secure.

Some Explanation for the Recent Sightings –

For many years I’ve occasionally considered the release of at least some of the material I possess, but the recent wave of photos and sightings has prompted me to cut to the chase and do so now.

I should first be clear that I’m not directly familiar with any of the crafts seen in the photos in their entirety. I’ve never seen them in a hangar or worked on them myself or seen aliens zipping around in them. However, I have worked with and seen many of the parts visible in these crafts, some of which can be seen in the Q3-85 Inventory Review scan found at the top of this page.

More importantly though, I’m very familiar with the ‘language’ on their [ craft(s) ] ‘undersides’ [ under bellies ] seen clearly in photos by Chad, Rajman, and – ‘another form’ – in the Big Basin photos.

One question I can answer – for sure – is why they are suddenly here.

These crafts have probably existed – in their current form – for decades, and I can say – for sure – that the technology behind [ abut ] them has existed for decades before that.

The ‘language’, in fact – I’ll explain shortly why I keep putting that in quotes – was the subject of ‘my work’ in years past. I’ll cover ‘that’ as well.

The reason they [ extraterrestrial craft(s) ] are suddenly ‘visible’, however is ‘another matter’ entirely.

These crafts – assuming they’re anything like the hardware I worked with in the 1980s ( assuming they’re better, in fact ) – are equipped with technology that enables invisibility. That ‘ability’ can be controlled both ‘on board’ the craft, and ‘remotely’.

However, what’s important in this case is that this ‘invisibility’ can also be ‘disrupted’ by ‘other technology’. Think of it like ‘radar jamming’.

I would bet my life savings ( since I know this has happened before ) that these craft are ‘becoming visible’ and then ‘returning to invisibility’ arbitrarily – probably unintentionally – and undoubtedly for only ‘short periods’ due to the ‘activity of a kind’ of ‘disrupting technology’ [ sonic flocculation ] being ‘set-off elsewhere’ but ‘near-by’.

I’m especially sure of this in the case of the Big Basin sightings where the witnesses themselves reported seeing the craft just ‘appear’ and ‘disappear’.

This is especially likely because of the way the witness described one [ 1 ] of the appearances being only a ‘momentary flicker’, which is consistent with the ‘unintentional’, ‘intermittent triggering’ of such a ‘device’.

It’s no surprise that these sightings are all taking place in ‘California’ ( USA ), and especially the Saratoga Bay / South Bay area.

Not far from Saratoga is Mountain View, California ( USA ) / Sunnyvale, California ( USA ) home to Moffett Field [ formerly, a United States Army Air Corps military airfield / United States Air Force Base ( USAFB ) ] and the [ National Aeronautic Space Administration ] NASA Ames Research center.

Again, I’d be willing to bet – just about anything – that the device capable of hijacking the cloaking of these nearby craft was inadvertently triggered, probably during some kind of experiment, at the exact moment they were being seen.

Miles away, in Big Basin, the witnesses were in the right place – at the right time – and saw the results of this disruption with their own eyes.

God knows what else was suddenly appearing in the skies at that moment, and who else may have seen it.

I’ve had some direct contact with this device, or at least a device capable of the same thing, and this kind of mistake is not unprecedented.

I am personally aware of at least one [ 1 ] other incident in which this kind of technology was accidentally set off, resulting in the sudden visibility of normally invisible things.

The only difference is that these days, cameras are alot more common!

The technology itself is ‘not’ ours, or at least it was ‘not in the 1980s.

Much like the technology, in these crafts themselves, the device capable of remotely hijacking vehicle clacking comes from a non-human source too.

Why we were given this technology has never been clear to me, but it’s responsible for a lot.

Our having access to this kind of device, along with our occasionally hap-hazard experimentation on them, has lead to everything from cloaking malfunctions like this to full-blown crashes.

I can assure you that most ( and in my opinion all) incidents of UFO crashes or that kind of thing had more to do with our meddling with extremely powerful technology at an inopportune time than it did mechanical failure on their part.

Trust me, those things don’t fail unless something even more powerful than them makes them fail ( intentionally or not ). Think of it like a stray bullet. You can be hit by one at any time, without warning, and even the shooter did ‘not’ intend to hit you.

I can assure you heads are rolling over this as well.

If anyone notices a brilliant but sloppy ‘physicist’ patrolling the streets of Baghdad [ Iraq ] in the next couple weeks, I’d be willing to guess how he got there. ( I kid – of course – as I certainly hope that has ‘not’ actually happened in this case ).

I would now like to explain how it is that I know this.

The CARET Program –

My story begins the same as it did for many of my co-workers, with graduate and post-graduate work at university in electrical engineering. And I had always been interested in computer science, which was a very new field at the time, and my interest piqued with my first exposure to a Tixo during grad school.

In the years following school I took a scenic route through the tech industry and worked for the kinds of companies you would expect, until I was offered a job at the United States Department of Defense [ DoD ] and things took a very different turn.

My time at the DoD [ United States Department of Defense ] was mostly uneventful but I was there for quite a while. I apparently proved myself to be reasonably intelligent and loyal.

By 1984 these qualities along with my technical background made me a likely candidate for a new program they were recruiting for called “CARET.”

Before I explain, what CARET was, I should back up a little.

By 1984, Silicon Valley had been a juggernaut of technology for decades. In the less than 40-years since the appearance of Shockley’s transistor, this part of the world had already produced a multi billion dollar computer industry and made technological strides that were unprecedented in other fields – from hypertext and online collaboration in 1968 to the Alto in 1973.

Private industry in Silicon Valley was responsible for some of the most incredible technological leaps in history and this fact did not go unnoticed by the US government and military.

I don’t claim to have any special knowledge about Roswell [ New Mexico, USA incident believed to be an extraterrestrial flying object ( UFO ) crash ] or any of the other alleged early UFO events, but I do know that whatever the exact origin, the ‘military’ was hard at work trying to understand and use the ‘extraterrestrial artifacts’ it had in its ‘possession’.

While there had been a great deal of progress overall, things were not moving as quickly as some would have liked.

So, in 1984, the CARET program was created with the aim of harnessing the abilities of private industry in silicon valley and applying it to the ongoing task of understanding extra-terrestrial technology.

One of the best examples of the power of the tech sector was XEROX PARC, a research center in Palo Alto, California [ USA ].

XPARC was responsible for some of the major milestones in the history of computing.

While I never had the privilege of working there [ XEROX PARC ( Palo Alto, California, USA ], myself, I ‘did’ know many of the people who ‘did’ and I can say that they were among the brightest engineers I ever knew.

XPARC served as one [ 1 ] of the models for the CARET program’s first incarnation, a facility called the PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( PACL ) – lovingly pronounced, “packle” during my time there.

This [ Palo Alto CARET Laboratory ] was where [ Palo Alto, California, USA ] I worked, along with numerous other civilians, under the auspices of military brass who were eager to find out how the tech sector made so much progress so quickly.

My time at the DoD [ U.S. Department Of Defense ] was a major factor behind why I was chosen, and in fact about 30+ [ 30 or more ] others – who were hired around the same time – had also been at the Department [ U.S. Department Of Defense ] about as long but this was not the case for everyone.

A couple of my co-workers were plucked right from places like IBM [ INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES ] and, at least two [ 2 ] of them came from XPARC [ XEROX PARC ( Palo Alto, California, USA ] itself.

My DoD [ U.S. Department Of Defense ] experience did make me more eligable [ eligible ] for positions of management, however, which is how I have so much of this material [ documents, photos, etc. ] in my possession to begin with.

So, in other words, civilians ( like myself ) who had – at most – some decent experience working for the DoD [ U.S. Department Of Defense ] but no actual military training or involvement were suddenly finding ourselves in the same room as highly classified extra-terrestrial technology.

Of course they spent about 2-months briefing us all before we saw or did anything, and did their best to convince us that if we ever leaked a single detail about what we were being told, they’d do everything short of digging up our ancestors and putting a few slugs in them too – just for good measure.

It seemed like there was an armed guard in every corner of every room.

I’d [ I had ] worked under some pretty hefty NDAs [ Non-Disclosure Agreements ] in my time but this was so far out of my depth. I didn’t think I was going to last 2-weeks in an environment like that. But amazingly things got off to a good start.

They wanted us, plain and simple, and our industry – had shown itself to be so good at what it did – that they were just about ready to give us carte blanche.

Of course, nothing with the military is ever that simple, and as is often the case they wanted to have their cake and eat it too. What I mean by this is that despite their interest in picking our brains and learning whatever they could from our way of doing things, they still wanted to do it ‘their way’ often enough to frustrate us. At this point I’m going to gloss over the emotional side of this experience, because this letter isn’t intended to be a memoir, but I will say that there’s almost no way to describe the impact this kind of revelation has on your mind.

There are very few moments in life in which your entire world view is turned forever upside down, but this was one of them.

I still remember that turning point – during the briefing – when I realized what he’d just told us, and that I hadn’t heard him wrong, and that it wasn’t some kind of joke.

In retrospect, the whole thing feels like it was in slow motion, from that ‘slight pause’ he took – just before the term “extra-terrestrial” came out for the first time – to the way the room itself seemed to go off kilter as we collectively tried to grasp what was being said.

My reflex kept jumping back and forth between trying to look at the speaker, to understand him better, and looking at everyone else around me, to make sure I wasn’t the only one that was hearing this.

At the risk of sounding melodramatic, it’s a lot like a child learning his parents are divorcing. I never experienced that myself, but a very close friend of mine did when were boys, and he confided in me a great deal about what the experience felt like. A lot of what he said would aptly describe what I was feeling in that room.

Here was a ‘trusted authority figure’ telling you something that you just don’t feel ready for, and putting a burden on your mind that you don’t necessarily want to carry. The moment that first word comes out, all you can think about it is, what it was like only ‘seconds ago’, and knowing that life is never going to be as simple as it was ‘then’.

After all that time at the DoD [ U.S. Department Of Defense ], I thought I at least had some idea of what was going on in the world, but I’d never heard so much as a peep about this.

Maybe one day I’ll write more on this aspect, because it’s the kind of thing I really would like to get off my chest, but for now I’ll digress.

Unlike traditional research in this area, we weren’t working on new toys for the air force.

For numerous reasons, the CARET people decided to aim its efforts at ‘commercial applications’ rather than ‘military’ ones.

They basically wanted us to turn these ‘artifacts’ into something they could ‘patent’ and ‘sell’.

One of CARET’s most ‘appealing promises’ was the revenue generated by these product-ready technologies, which could be funneled right back into ‘black projects’. Working with a ‘commercial application’ in-mind was also yet another way to keep us in a familiar mind state. Developing technology for the military is very different than doing so for the ‘commercial sector’, and not having to worry about the difference was another way that CARET was very much ‘like private industry’.

CARET shined, in the way it let us work the way we were used to working. They wanted to recreate as much of the environment we were used to as they could without compromising issues like security. That meant we got ‘free reign to set up’ our own ‘workflow’, ‘internal management structure’, ‘style manuals’, ‘documentation’, and the like. They wanted this to look and ‘feel like private industry’, ‘not the military’. They ‘knew’ this was ‘how to get the best work out of us’, and they were right.

But things didn’t go as smoothly when it came to matters like access to classified information.

They were exposing what is probably their single biggest secret to a group of people who had never even been through basic training and it was obvious that the gravity of this decision was never far from their minds.

We started the program with a small set of ‘extra-terrestrial artifacts’ along with ‘fairly elaborate briefings’ on ‘each’ as well as ‘access to a modest amount of what research had already been completed’.

It wasn’t long before we realized ‘we needed more’ though, and getting them to provide even the smallest amount of new material was like pulling teeth.

CARET stood for “Commercial Applications Research for Extra-Terrestrial Technology”, but we often joked that it should have stood for “Civilians Are Rarely Ever Trusted.”

PACL [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ] was located in Palo Alto [ California, USA ], but unlike XPARC [ XEROX XPARC ( Palo Alto, California, USA ], it wasn’t at the end of a long road in the middle of a big complex surrounded by rolling hills and trees.

PACL was hidden in an ‘office complex’ – owned entirely by the military but ‘made to look like an unassuming tech company’.

From the street, all you could see was what appeared to be a normal ‘parking lot’ with a ‘gate’ and a ‘guard [ security ] booth’, and a 1-story building inside with a ‘fictitious name’ and ‘[ fictitious ] logo’.

What was ‘not visible’ – from the street – was that ‘behind’ the very ‘first set of doors’ was enough ‘armed guards’ to invade Poland, plus five [ 5 ] additional underground stories [ levels ].

They wanted to be as close as possible to the kinds of people they were looking to hire, and be able to bring them in with a minimum of fuss.

Inside, we had everything we needed. State of the art hardware and a staff of over 200 computer scientists, electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, physicists and mathematicians.

Most of us were civilians, as I’ve said, but some were military, a few of them had been working on this technology already.

Of course, you were never far from the barrel of a ‘machine gun’ – even ‘inside the labs’ themselves ( something many of us never got used to ) – and ‘bi-weekly tours’ were made by ‘military brass’ to ensure that not a single detail was out of line. Most of us underwent extensive searches on our way into and out of the building. There it was, probably the biggest secret in the world, in a bunch of parts spread out on laboratory tables in the middle of Palo Alto so you can imagine their concern.

One ‘downside’ to CARET was that it was ‘not’ as ‘well-connected’ as ‘other operations’ undoubtedly ‘were’.

I ‘never got to see’ any ‘actual extra-terrestrials’ ( not even photos ), and in fact ‘never even saw’ one [ 1 ] of their ‘complete vehicles’ – ’99% of what I saw’ was ‘related to the work at-hand’, all of which was conducted within a very narrow context on ‘individual artifacts only’. The remaining ’1% came from people’ I met through the program, many of which ‘working more closely’ with “the good stuff” or ‘had [ worked with ] in the past’.

In fact, what was especially amusing about the whole affair was the way that our ‘military management’ almost ‘tried to act’ as if the ‘technology’ – we were essentially ‘reverse engineering’ – was ‘not extra-terrestrial’ at all.

Aside from the word “extra-terrestrial,” itself, we rarely heard any other terms like “alien” or “UFO” or “outer space” or anything. ‘Those aspects’ were ‘only mentioned briefly’ when absolutely ‘necessary to explain something’.

In many cases it was necessary to ‘differentiate’ between the different ‘races’ and ‘their’ respective ‘technology’, and they did ‘not’ even use the word “races.” They were referred to simply as different “sources.”

The Technology –

A lot of the technology we worked on was what you would expect, namely ‘anti-gravity’. Most of the ‘researchers’ ( on the staff ) – with ‘backgrounds’ in ‘propulsion’ and ‘rocketry’ – were ‘military’ men, but the ‘technology’ we were dealing with was so ‘out of this world’ that it didn’t really matter all that much what your background was because none of it applied.

All we could hope to do was use the ‘vocabulary’ of our respective fields as a way ‘to model’ the extremely bizarre ‘new concepts’ we were very slowly ‘beginning to understand’ as best we could.

A ‘rocket engineer’ doesn’t usually rub elbows much with a ‘computer scientist’, but inside PACL [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ], we were all ‘equally mystified’ and were ready to ‘entertain any and all ideas’.

The ‘physicists’ made the most headway, initially because out of all of our skills, their’s ‘overlapped the most’ with the ‘concepts behind this technology’ ( although that isn’t saying much! ). Once they [ physicists ] got the ball rolling though, we began to find that many of the ‘concepts found in computer science’ were applicable as well, albeit in very vague ways.

While I didn’t do a lot of work with the antigrav [ anti-gravity ] ‘hardware’, myself, I was occasionally involved in the ‘assessment’ of ‘how’ that ‘technology’ was meant to ‘interface’ with its ‘user’.

The antigrav [ anti-gravity ] was amazing, of course, as were the ‘advances’ we were making with ‘materials engineering’ and so on.

But what interested me most then, and still amazes me most to this day, was something completely unrelated.

In fact, it was this ‘technology’ that immediately jumped out at me when I ‘saw’ the Chad and Rajman ‘photos’, and even more-so in the ‘Big Basin photos’.

The “Language” –

I put the word Language in quotes because calling what I am about to describe a “language” is a misnomer, although it is an easy mistake to make.

Their [ extraterrestrial ] ‘hardware’ was ‘not’ operated in quite the same way as ours.

In our technology, even today, we have a combination of ‘hardware and software’ running almost everything on the planet.

Software is more abstract than hardware, but ultimately it needs hardware to run it.

In other words, there’s no way to write a computer program on a piece of paper, set that piece of paper on a table or something, and expect it to actually do something.

The most powerful ‘code’ in the world still ‘does not actually do anything’ until a piece of ‘hardware interprets it [ software ]‘ and ‘translates’ its ‘commands’ into ‘actions’.

But ‘their [ extraterestrial ] technology’ is ‘different’.

It really did operate like the magical piece of paper sitting on a table, in a manner of speaking.

They had something akin to a ‘language’ that could quite literally ‘execute’ itself – at least in the ‘presence’ of a very specific type of ‘field’ [ ‘field presence execution’ ].

The ‘language’, a term I am still using very loosely, is a ‘system’ of ‘symbols’ ( which does admittedly very much resemble a written language ) along with ‘geometric forms’ and ‘[ geometric ] patterns’ that fit together [ ‘interlocking’ ] to ‘form diagrams’ that are themselves ‘functional’.

Once they [ interlocking symbolic format diagrams ] are ‘drawn’ – so to speak – on a suitable ‘surface’ made of a suitable ‘material’ and in the ‘presence’ of a certain type of ‘field’, they immediately begin performing the desired tasks. It really did seem like magic to us, even after we began to understand the principles behind it.

I worked with these ‘symbols’ – more than anything [ else ] – during my time at PACL [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ], and ‘recognized them’ the moment I saw them in the ‘photos’.

They appear in a very simple ‘form’ on Chad’s ‘craft’, but appear in the ‘more complex diagram form’ on the ‘underside’ of the ‘Big Basin craft’ as well.

Both are unmistakable, even at the small size of the Big Basin photos.

An example of a diagram in the style of the Big Basin craft is included with this in a series of scanned pages from the [ mistitled ] “Linguistic Analysis Primer”.

We needed a copy of that diagram to be utterly precise, and it took about a [ one – 1 ] month [ 30-days ] for a team of six [ 6 ] to ‘copy’ that ‘diagram’ into our drafting program!

Explaining everything I learned about this technology would fill up several volumes, but I will do my best to explain at least ‘some’ of the ‘concepts’ – as long as I am taking the time to write all this down.

First of all, you wouldn’t open-up their [ extraterrestrial ] ‘hardware’ to find a CPU here, and a data bus there, and some kind of memory over there.

Their [ extraterrestrial ] ‘hardware’ appeared to be ‘perfectly solid’, and consistent, in terms of ‘material’ – from one side to the other. Like a rock or a hunk of metal.

But upon [ much ] closer inspection, we began to learn that it was actually one [ 1 ] big ‘holographic computational substrate’ – each “computational element” ( essentially, individual ‘particles’ ) can ‘function independently’ but are ‘designed to function together’ in tremendously ‘large clusters’.

I say its ‘holographic’ because you can ‘divide it up into the smallest chunks’ you want and still find a scaled-down but complete representation of the whole system.

They produce a ‘non-linear computational output’ when ‘grouped’.

So four [ 4 ] elements, working together, is actually more than four [ 4 ] times ‘more powerful than’ one [ 1 ].

Most of the internal “matter” in their [ extraterrestrial ] ‘crafts’, usually everything – except the outermost housing – is actually ‘this [ extraterestrial] substrate’ and can ‘contribute to computation’ at ‘any time’ and in ‘any state’.

The ‘shape’ of these [ extraterrestrial ] “chunks” of ‘substrate’ also had a profound ‘effect’ on its [ extraterrestrial ] ‘functionality’, and often served as a “shortcut” to achieve a goal that might ‘otherwise’ be more ‘complex’.

So back to the language.

The language is actually a “functional blueprint.”

The ‘forms’ of the ‘shapes’, ‘symbols’ and ‘arrangements’ thereof is itself ‘functional’.

What makes it all especially ‘difficult to grasp’ is that every ‘element’ of each “diagram” is ‘dependant on’ and ‘related to’ every ‘other element’ [ elements ], which means ‘no single detail’ can be ‘created’, ‘removed’ or ‘modified’ independently.

Humans like written language because each element of the language can be understood on its own, and from this, complex expressions can be built.

However, their “language” is entirely ‘context sensitive’, which means that ‘a given symbol’ could mean as little as a ’1-bit flag’ in ‘one [ 1 ] context’, or – quite literally – contain the entire human genome or a galaxy star map in another.

The ability for a single, small symbol to contain, not just represent, tremendous amounts of data is another counter-intuitive aspect of this ‘concept’.

We quickly realized that even ‘working in groups’ of ten [ 10 ] or more on the ‘simplest of diagrams’, we found it virtually impossible to get anything done. As each new feature was added, the ‘complexity of the diagram exponentially grew’ to unmanageable proportions.

For this reason we began to develop computer-based systems to manage these details and achieved some success, although again we found that a threshold was quickly reached beyond which even the supercomputers of the day were unable to keep up.

Word was that the ‘extraterrestrials could design’ these ‘diagrams’ as ‘quickly’, and [ as ] easily as a human programmer could write a [ computer language ] Fortran program.

It’s humbling to think that even a ‘network of supercomputers’ was ‘not’ able to ‘duplicate’ what they could do in their [ extraterrestrial ] own heads.

Our entire system of language is based on the idea of assigning meaning to symbols.

Their [ extraterrestrial ] technology, however, somehow ‘merges’ the ‘symbol’ and the ‘meaning’, so a subjective audience is not needed.

You can put whatever meaning you want on the symbols, but their behavior and functionality will not change, any more than a transistor will function differently if you give it another name.

Here’s an example of how complex the process is.

Imagine I ask you to incrementally add random words to a list such that no two [ 2 ] words use any of the same letters, and you must perform this exercise entirely in your head, so you can’t rely on a computer or even a pen and paper.

If the first [ 1st ] in the list was, say, “fox”, the second [ 2nd ] item excludes all words with the letters F, O and X.

If the next word you choose is “tree”, then the third [ 3rd ] word in the list can’t have the letters F, O, X, T, R, or E in it.

As you can imagine, coming up with even a third [ 3rd ] word might start to get just a bit tricky, especially since you can’t easily visualize the excluded letters by writing down the words.

By the time you get to the fourth [ 4th ], fifth [ 5th ] and sixth [ 6th ] words, the problem has spiraled out of control.

Now imagine trying to add the billionth [ 1,000,000,000 ] word to the list ( imagine also that we’re working with an ‘infinite alphabet’ so you don’t run out of letters ) and you can imagine how difficult it is for even a computer to keep up.

Needless to say, writing this kind of thing “by hand” is orders of magnitude beyond the capabilities of the brain.

My background lent itself well to this kind of work though. I’d spent years ‘writing code’ and ‘designing’ both ‘analog’ and ‘digital’ circuits, a process that at least visually resembled these diagrams in some way.

I also had a personal affinity for ‘combinatorics’, which served me well as I helped with the ‘design of software’ running on ‘supercomputers’ that could juggle the often trillions [ 1,000,000,000,000 ] of rules necessary to create a ‘valid diagram’ of any ‘reasonable complexity’.

This overlapped quite a bit with ‘compiler theory’ as well, a subject I always found fascinating, and in particular ‘compiler optimization’, a field that was ‘not’ half [ 50% ] of what it is today back then.

A running joke among the linguistics team was that Big-O notation couldn’t adequately describe the scale of the task, so we’d substitute other words for “big”.

By the time I left I remember the consensus was “Astronomical-O” finally did it justice.

Like I said, I could go on for hours about this subject, and would love to write at least an introductory book on the subject if it was not – still completely – ‘classified’, but that’s not the point of this letter so I’ll try to get back on track.

The last thing I’d like to discuss is how I got copies of this material, what else I have in my possession, and what I plan to do with it in the future.

My Collection –

I worked at PACL [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] from 1984 to 1987, by which time I was utterly burned out.

The sheer volume of details to keep in mind while working with the diagrams was enough to challenge anyone’s sanity, and I was really at the end of my rope with the military attitude towards our “need to know”. Our ability to get work done was constantly hampered by their reluctance to provide us with the necessary information, and I was tired of bureaucracy getting in the way of research and development [ R&D ].

I left somewhere in the middle of a 3-month bell curve in which about a quarter of the entire PACL [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] staff left for similar reasons.

I was also starting to disagree with the direction the leadership wanted to take as far as the subject of extra-terrestrials went.

I always felt that at least some form of disclosure would be beneficial, but as a lowly CARET ‘engineer’ I wasn’t exactly in the position to call shots.

The truth is, our management didn’t even want us discussing – even among ourselves – non-technical aspects of this subject ( such as ethical or philosophical issues, as they felt it was enough of a breach of security to let civilians like us anywhere near this kind of thing in the first place.

So, about 3-months before I resigned ( which was about 8-months before I was really out – since you don’t just walk out of a job like that with a 2-week notice ) – I decided to start taking advantage [ remove PACL work documents, etc. ] of my ‘position’ [ a ‘situational position’ wherein his ( Issac ) PACL ‘security inspections’ on his ( Issac ) ‘person’ became lessened or ‘weak’ upon his ( Issac ) ‘departures from the PACL facility’ ].

As I mentioned earlier, my DoD [ United States Department Of Defense ] experience got me into an internal management role sooner than some of my colleagues, and after about a [ one – 1 ] year of that kind of status, the outgoing [ departing ] searches [ security inspections ] each night became slightly less rigorous.

Normally, we were to empty out any containers, bags or briefcases, then remove our shirt and shoes and submit to a kind of frisking. Work was never allowed to go home with you, no matter who you were.

For me, though, the briefcase search [ secuity inspection ] was [ had become ] eventually enough [ all that the security inspection became on him ( Issac ) ].

Even before I [ Issac ] actually decided to do it [ remove PACL work documents, etc. ], I was sure that I would be able to sneak certain materials out with me.

I wanted to do this [ remove PACL work documents, photos, etc. ] because I knew the day would come when I would want to write something like this, and I knew I’d regret it until the day I died if I didn’t at least leave the possibility open to do so.

So I started photocopying [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] documents and reports by the dozen.

I had then [ 3-months before he ( Issac ) resigned from PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] put the papers [ documents, etc. ] under my shirt around my lower back, tucked enough into my belt to ensure they wouldn’t fall out.

I could do this [ ‘physically able to do’ but ‘not authorized to do’ ] in any one of a few ‘short windowless hallways’ on some of the ‘lower floors’, which were among the few places that did ‘not’ have an ‘armed guard watching’ my every move.

I would walk in one end [ of the ‘short windowless hallways’ ] with a stack of papers large enough that when I came out the other end [ of the ‘short windowless hallways’ ] with some of them [ documents, photos, etc. ] in my shirt – there would ‘not’ be a visible [ observational ] difference in what I was holding.

You absolutely cannot be too careful if you’re going to pull a stunt like this.

As long as I walked carefully they would ‘not’ make a crinkling noise [ paper flex rustling upon movement ].

In fact, the more papers I took, the less noise they made, since they were ‘not’ as flimsy [ resistant to flex upon restricted movement ] that way.

I’d often take upwards of 10-pages up to 20-pages at once [ each time ].

By the time I was done, I had made out with [ unlawfully removed documents, photos, etc. away from PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] ‘hundreds’ [ 200+ or more ] of ‘photocopies’, as well as a few ‘originals’ and a ‘large collection’ of ‘original photographs’.

With this ‘initial letter’, I have attached high resolution scans of the following:

– One [ 1 ] page is from a [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] “inventory review” with a ‘photo’ – appears to depict one ( 1 ) of the ‘parts’ found in the Rajman sighting and ‘parts’ very similar to the Big Basin craft;

– The first [ 1st ] nine ( 9 ) pages of one ( 1 ) of our [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] ‘quarterly’ research ‘reports’;

– Scans of the ‘original photographs’ used ‘in that report’ – since the ‘photocopies obscure’ most of the ‘details’; and

– Five [ 5 ] pages from a ‘report’ on our [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] ongoing analysis of the “language” ( inappropriately titled “linguistic analysis” ) depicting the kind of diagram – just barely visible on the underside of the Big Basin craft.

This material is the most, ‘relevant’ and ‘explanatory’, I could find on ‘short notice’.

Now that these are up [ on the internet ], ‘if’ I decide to release more in the future, I’ll be able to take my time and better search this rather large collection of mine that I’ve sadly never organized.

I’m not sure what I’ll be doing with the rest of the collection in the future.

I suppose I’ll wait and see how this all plays out, and then play it by ear.

There are certainly risks involved in what I’m doing, and if I were to actually be identified and caught, there could be rather serious consequences.

However, I’ve taken the proper steps to ensure a ‘reasonable level of anonymity’ and am quite secure in the fact that the information I’ve so far provided is by ‘no means unique’ among many of the CARET participants [ had access to ].

Besides, part of me has always suspected that the [ United States of America ] government ‘relies on the occasional leak’ – like this – and actually wants them to happen, because it ‘contributes to a steady slow-paced path towards revealing’ the ‘truth’ of this ‘matter’.

Since Leaving CARET –

Like I said, I left PACL in 1987, but have kept in touch with a great many of my friends and co-workers from those days.

Most of us are retired by now, except – of course – for those of us that went-on to get ‘teaching jobs’, but a few of us ‘still hear things’ [ ‘still told of these matters’ ] through the grapevine.

As for CARET itself, I’m not sure what’s become of it.

Whether it’s still known by the same name, I’m quite sure it’s ‘still active’ in ‘some capacity’, although who knows where.

I heard from a number of people that PACL [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] closed up shop a few years after I left, but I’ve still yet to get a clear answer on why exactly that happened.

But I’m sure ‘the kind of work we did there’ [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] is ‘still going’ strong.

I’ve heard from a lot of friends that there are multiple sites like PACL in Sunnyvale, California ( USA ) and Mountain View, California ( USA ) also disguised to look like ‘unremarkable office space’.

But this is all second-hand information so you can make of it what you will.

Around 2002, or so, I came across Coast to Coast AM [ radio station in the United States of America ] and have been hooked ever since.

I admit, I don’t take most of the [ radio program ] show’s content as anything more than entertainment, but there have been occasions when I could be sure a guest was clearly speaking from experience or a well-informed source.

For me, there’s just something very ‘surreal about hearing all this speculation’ and ‘so-called inside information’ about UFOs [ Unidentified Flying Objects ] ( and the like ) but [ my ( Issac ) ] being ‘personally able to verify’ at least ‘some of it’ as being true or false. It’s [ Coast to Coast AM radio program ( USA ) ] also a ‘nightly’ [ time period, when Coast to Coast AM radio is broadcasted ] reminder of how hectic things were in those days, which helps me enjoy my retirement all the more.

Knowing I’m not part of that crazy world anymore really is something I enjoy on a daily basis, as much as I miss some of it.

Conclusion –

What I’ve shared so far is only a very small portion of what I have, and what I know.

Despite the very sheltered and insulated atmosphere within CARET, I did ultimately learn a great deal from various colleagues, and some of what I learned is truly incredible.

I’d also like to say that for what it’s worth, during my time [ 1983 – 1987 ] there [ PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY ( Palo Alto, California, USA ) ] I never heard anything about invasions, or abductions, or many of the more frightening topics that often pop up on Coast to Coast AM [ radio program ( USA ) ].

That’s not to say that none of it is true, but in my time working alongside some of the most well-connected people in this field, it never came up.

So at the very least I can say my intent is not to scare anyone.

My view on the extra-terrestrial situation is very much a positive, albiet still highly secretive one.

One thing I can definitely say is that if they wanted us gone, we would have been gone a very, very long time ago, and we wouldn’t even have seen it coming.

Throw out your ideas about a space war or anything silly like that. We’d be capable of fighting back against them about as much as ants could fight back against a stampede of buffalo.

But that’s okay, we are the ‘primitive race’, they [ extraterrestrials ] are the ‘advanced races’, and that’s just the way it is.

The ‘other advanced races let them live through their primitive years’ back in ‘their day’, and there is no reason to think it will be any different for us.

They [ extraterrestrials ] are not in the market for a new planet, and even if they [ extraterrestrials ] were there are way too many planets out there for them [ extraterrestrials ] to care about ours enough to take it by force.

To reiterate my take on the recent sightings, I would guess that experimentation – done in the last couple months – on a device that, among other things, is capable of interfering with various crafts onboard invisibility has resulted in a sudden wave of sightings.

It may ‘not’ explain ‘all’ of the recent events, but like I said, I’d bet my life that ‘is’ exactly what happened at Big Basin – at least – and it’s probably related in some way to the Chad, Rajman and Tahoe [ Lake Tahoe, California / Nevada ( USA ) ] sightings [ of the unidentified flying object ( UFO ) ].

So, despite all the recent fanfare over this, I’d say this does ‘not’ mean much.

Most importantly, they are ‘not suddenly’ “here,” they [ extraterrestrials ] have been here for a long time, but just [ have ] happened to turn ‘intentionally visible’ for brief periods ‘recently’.

Lastly, there are so many people selling books, and DVDs, and doing lectures and all that so, I would like to reiterate the fact that I am ‘not’ here to ‘sell’ anything.

The material I’m sharing is ‘free to distribute’ provided it’s all kept intact and unmodified, and this letter is included.

I tend to question the motives of anyone charging money for their information, and will assure you that I [ Issac ] will never do such a thing.

And in the future, just to cover all the bases, anyone claiming to be ‘me’ [ Issac ] who ‘is’ selling a DVD or book is most certainly ‘not going to be me’ [ Issac ].

Any future releases from me [ Issac ] will come from the e-mail address I’ve used to contact Coast to Coast AM [ USA radio station ], and will be sent to them [ Coast to Coast AM ( USA radio station ) ] only.

I’d like to make this clear as well to ensure that people can be sure that any future information comes from the same source, although I must be clear:

At this time I do not have any future plans for additional information. Time will tell how long I will maintain this policy, but do not expect anything soon.

I’d really like to let this information “settle” for a while and see how it goes.

If I find out I’m getting an IRS [ United States Department of the Treasury, Office of Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) ] audit tomorrow, then maybe this wasn’t too smart.

Until then, I’m going to take it slow.

I hope this information has been helpful.

– Issac

– –

One of the documents ( in the form of high resolution scans of the original ) uploaded was called “PALO ALTO CARET LABORATORY Q-4 1986 RESEARCH REPORT” – here are some excerpts:

1. OVERVIEW –

This document is intended as a primer for the tentative findings of the Q4 1986 research phase ( referred to herein as “Q-4 1986″ ) at the Palo Alto CARET Laboratory (aka) PACL. In accordance with the CARET program mission statement, the goal of this research has been achieving a greater understanding of extraterrestrial technology within the context of commercial applications and civilian use. Examples of such applications, in no particular order, include transportation, medicine, construction, energy, computing and communication.

The ultimate goal of this research is to provide a core set of advanced technologies in a condition suitable for patent review.

2. EXTRACTION –

The process of converting raw artifacts of extraterrestrial origin to usable, fully-documented human technology is termed extraction. The extraction process ultimately consists of two phases:

First [ 1st ] is the establishment of a complete theoretical and operational understanding of the artifact; and,

Second [ 2nd ] is a distillation of the artifact’s underlying principles into usable, product-oriented technology.

Suggestions of specific product applications on behalf of PACL have been encouraged, but are not considered mandatory or essential.

– –

From: Isaac Subject: Re: “Drones” Date: June 27, 2007

Isaac:

“There are a few misconceptions that I have noticed so far and would like to clear them up, and will also answer your questions:

1) I realize now that I did not make this clear, but I should clarify that I am not responsible for the blacking out of the Q4-86 report. Most of the copies I was able to make came from documents that were already archived, which meant that they had already been censored for use by outside parties that needed access to some, but not all, of CARET’s information. I’m trying to share this information, not hide it, but if I did feel that if a given topic was too sensitive for some reason, I would make it clear that I had personally covered it up and probably try to give a reason why.

2) I do not understand the question about why the diagram would be “formatted for 8.5 x 11″… As I mention in my letter, the diagram is a reproduction, not the original. We had a team of technical artists painstakingly copy the diagram from its original source, which was a slightly curved panel not unlike the one seen in the Big Basin craft, although this one was apparently inside the craft, not on the outside. We copied it into a drafting program over the course of about a month.

Our software was understandably primitive by today’s standards, but it was still orders of magnitude more powerful than a pencil and paper would have been. This made a task that would have otherwise been nearly impossible relatively feasible, albeit extremely time-consuming. I can assure you, “they” did not make anything particularly convenient for us. One of the reasons we chose to reproduce that particular diagram was because out of all the diagram-artifacts we had access to, it was on the flattest surface.

Since the geometry of the forms is extremely important, curvature of the surface it’s printed on must be “corrected” if it is to be reproduced in a surface with a different contour (such as a flat page). This can be done in a number of ways, by either using a mathematical model to reverse the effect of the surface curves on the diagram’s shapes, or by methods of physical measuring that allow precise measuring of irregular surfaces. In either case, however, it adds a significant new dimension of labor to an already extremely labor-intensive task, so it’s avoided whenever possible. We really just needed one or two accurately copied diagrams to serve as convenient examples for our own work in decoding and reproducing it, so luckily this was not something we had to do often. Some experimentation was being done on ways to “scan” the diagrams as well, using an almost completely automated process that could automatically account for curved surfaces, but during my time there, very little progress was made on this front.

3) I think the confusion over the quality of the documents stems from the fact that he (critic) is under the impression they (CARET document) were typeset. They were not. First of all, I’m no guru when it comes to graphics or design, but being in close contact with numerous people from places like XPARC will give you enough background to know the lay of the land. What’s first important to note is that systems capable of desktop publishing had been in development for many years before CARET, mostly starting with the Xerox Alto (in 1973), which XPARC developed themselves.

In fact, I once remember hearing from someone related to the original Alto team that Boeing (I believe) used the Alto to lay out and print the documentation for one of their planes (or something to that effect, I heard the story years ago). The joke was apparently that there was so MUCH documentation that the plane itself could essentially be filled with the pages. Furthermore, laser printing itself had also been around for many years (albeit in an extremely expensive form), and was also developed within XPARC (more or less). Other systems, such as PERQ and Lilith, also came out around the late 70′s and while none of them turned into major commercial products, they were not uncommon among large companies and [mostly] universities and were put to very productive use.

These systems were also the inspiration for the Apple Lisa and Macintosh, which was of course perhaps the biggest factor in the consumer-level desktop publishing boom of the late 80′s and early 90′s. By 1984, there were quite a few options available for producing these kinds of documents, they were just ABSURDLY expensive, so they weren’t on every street corner. Obviously it was nowhere near as turnkey and simple as it is today, but it was a very crude approximation of the same process with similar tools. We just had far less features and everything was a hell of a lot slower. But the point I’m trying to make is that while our method of documentation was somewhat advanced for its time, and also somewhat uncommon, it was hardly unattainable by a sufficiently motivated, financed, and well-connected organization.

I had very little contact with the technical writers for the most part, but I do know that we were using this kind of technology for both page layout and printing. CARET was expected to produce a massive amount of detailed, well-formatted documentation that could be easily modified and re-used for numerous drafts and revisions, and we would not have been able to keep up using traditional page layout and typesetting techniques. The mid-1980′s were a very transitional period for these fields, and I would suggest that people do not assume we were using run-of-the-mill standards.

One of the things I appreciated most about CARET was that if the technology was available, and we needed it to work better or more effectively, it was given to us with little debate. But typesetting and digital page layout are apples and oranges, so I think most of this is a moot point anyway.

The bottom line is that many people both inside and outside the engineering world frequently underestimate how long we’ve had a lot of the technology we have. 99% of the algorithms we use today were developed decades ago, they just didn’t have the same practical applications immediately available. Most of the engineers of the 60′s and 70′s would have been right at home with today’s developments and technologies. The only difference is that things have gotten smaller and faster. In the vast majority of technologies, that is the only thing that REALLY changes from one era to the next. If I told the average person that we had speech-synthesizing technology in 1936, they probably wouldn’t believe me.

I could show you a prototype of a simple drafting/design system that was operated by a light pen directly on a screen from the 1960′s. You could draw a shape freehand, then immediately rotate it, modify it, duplicate it, or whatever. You could draw lines connecting different objects, then erase them by simply drawing a squiggly line over it. The computer could interpret the squiggles as a sign to erase something, all in real time. And this was half a century ago, and decades before CARET. Think about that for a moment. The point is, most of what we have today is much older than we think. The only differences are that it’s faster, cheaper, and a marketing team has given it a glossy finish and found a commercial application for it. But if you take away some of the speed, power, ubiquity and consumer appeal, you’ll find a lot of today’s technology scattered throughout much of the 20th century. I hope this is helpful.

Isaac”

– –

From: Isaac Subject: Re: “Drones” Date: June 27, 2007

Isaac:

“1) While I wasn’t a major player in the (CARET) organization, I was hardly ‘some worker.’ My middle-management position is the only reason I was able to make out with what I did. Bear in mind that even someone in my position would never get the chance to leave with even the smallest of actual artifacts, but paperwork smuggling was feasible for anyone who wasn’t subjected to the frisking.

Also, let’s not forget that paperwork only proves so much. I’ll be the first to agree that everything I’ve provided could be faked, I suppose. It is, after all, just a series of images. While the powers that be obviously don’t want this material leaking if they can help it, they’re certainly aware that scans of documents aren’t in the same league as UFOs landing on the White House lawn. I’m not the first person to leak a document or a photo, and I won’t be the last. The information I’ve shared is very unlikely to change the world, and this is the reason I’m not worried about being literally murdered if I’m identified. I’ll face consequences to be sure, but it’s not the kind of thing they kill for.

2) Of course the manual doesn’t look anything like typical government and military documents. The entire purpose of CARET was to recreate the look and feel of silicon valley private enterprise, populate it with private industry engineers, and let it tackle the problem of extraterrestrial technology research. Style manuals were among the numerous things we brought with us from the ‘outside world.’ I’m not sure what else can be said about this. I agree it’s uncommon for non-standard documents to come out of this kind of research, but it’s even more uncommon for people like myself (and even more so for many of my co-workers) to be brought into this kind of project in the first place. Most of us were decidedly not military men. I find it a lot more bizarre than the fact that we were able to design our reports a certain way. CARET was an exception to many of the usual rules.

3) If he (one of many critics who emailed Earthfiles and which I shared with Isaac) believes the pictures are fake, I certainly can’t do or say anything to prove otherwise. He sounds very sure of himself.

4) Most importantly, be very wary of anyone who claims to ‘know the mind’ of extraterrestrials. The comments he’s made are, to put it lightly, naive and extremely presumptuous. Firstly, he’s referring to ‘the aliens’ as if there is a single collective group of them. The universe is not split into ‘humans’ and ‘non-humans,’ any more than Earth is split up into ‘Spanish’ and ‘non-Spanish’ or something equally arbitrary. There are numerous races – and again, like our own races of humans here on earth, they do things in very different ways.

His comment that ‘the aliens don’t do this or that’ is akin to saying ‘humans don’t speak Japanese.’ Well, many humans don’t, but Japanese humans certainly do. The point is not that his statement is right or wrong, but simply that it’s phrased illogically. He then goes on to suggest that the design of the drones is wasting space, which is again, alarming in its arrogance. We had some of the brightest minds in the world spending years just to understand a single facet of their technology, while this individual claims to be able to assess basically every detail of a given design after looking at a single photo and conclude that it’s inefficient. I’m not even sure such a statement should be dignified with a response, and I’m sure you can understand why.

To be honest, whoever this person is, I wrote him off as soon as he said ‘the aliens would never design as these pictures depict.’ That’s about as presumptuous (if not ignorant) as a statement on this subject can be, at least coming from a fellow human. Unless there’s an alien engineer on the other side of this email, there’s simply no way such statements could have merit. I’m really only writing this as a courtesy to you.

At best, he’s been exposed to technology from a radically different race, and at worst, he doesn’t know what he’s talking about. This individual may have access to real information, and he might not. If he is a fellow ‘whistle blower,’ then I’m not interested in attacking him. If he’s not, and is simply making things up, then I’m even less interested. Whatever he is or isn’t is not for me to say, but judging by the way he talks about this issue I have my doubts.

It’s a big world and these are complicated issues. A sense of humility and the admission we don’t know everything is one of our greatest assets.

Isaac”

====

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ), Host
E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com
WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

Robot Combat Intelligence

[ PHOTO ( above ): W-88 miniature nuclear bomb property of USA ( click to enlarge ) ]

Robot Combat Intelligence
by, Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV )

January 18, 2011 21:08:42 ( PST ) ( Originally Published: February 1, 2002 )

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Washington – January 18, 2011 – Over 12-years ago, after the United States realized too late that its ‘miniature nuclear weapons technology delivery system’ ( W-88 ) secrets had already been stolen ( from the vault of its insurance carrier ) after the People’s Republic of China ( PRC ) rapidly produced their own version, ‘only a select few’ realized a secret U.S. decision took futuristic concepts into development for U.S. global military applications deploying technologies that only seemed to have been conceived from science-fiction motion picture films ( e.g. STAR TREK, STAR WARS, MATRIX, and more ) shocking audiences worldwide.   In 1999, U.S. secret defense endeavors forgings – with several universities and U.S. government contract private sector organizations – were led by the U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) created even newer more advanced multiple Program stratagems employing various forms of ‘combinatoric’ technologies developed for globally deploying U.S. military dominance with various and sundry secret-sensitive devices and systems far beyond many imaginations.

DARPA SIMBIOSYS Program –

DARPA SIMBIOSYS Program entails, amongst other things, multi-functional microbiological nano technology robot android devices primarily for military applications, where such remained until just a few years ago, until it began being applied in some medical arenas today.

To understand what is ‘current’, one must first look briefly at DARPA Programs ‘past’ ( 1999 – 2002 ), which ( alone ) is enough to ‘still send chills down many people’s spines today’. Once realizing what DARPA was doing 12-years ago, it’s not all that unfathomable to comprehend where DARPA has taken and will continue taking many.

SIMBIOSYS ( 1999 – 2002 ) –

In 1999, DARPA SIMBIOSYS developed a combined quantitative understanding of various biological phenomena characteristics opening the DARPA door to what amounts to MicroElectroMechanical Systems ( MEMS ) integrating microphotonics in, amongst many things such as electro-optic spatial light modulators ( SLM ) combining very short pulse solid state lasers providing powerful new capabilities for secure communication up-links ( multi-gigabits per second ), ‘aberration free’ 3-D imaging and targeting performed at very long ranges ( greater than 1,000 kilometers away ), innovative design system integration of MEMS spatial light modulators ( SLM ) providing quantum wavefront control leaps in photonics and high speed electronics, and even ‘flexible cloth-like smart materials’ DARPA wants hardware placed into production devices and systems applications optimizing both U.S. and ‘its specially selected few other foreign nation U.S. friendlies’ ( Israel ) to hold in future warfaring battlespace management superiority over other foreign nation threats.

DARPA SIMBIOSYS includes classes of biological molecules ( i.e. antigens, antibodies, DNA, cytokines, enzymes, etc. ) for analyses and diagnoses studies, from:

1. Biochemical sensors, sensing ‘details from environments’; and,

2. Biochemical sensors, sensing ‘details from human body fluids’.

Specific examples under each of those two ( 2 ) groups being left up to the discretion of the PI.

Bio-molecules importance slect criteria, includes:

1. Microsystem sensors, for automated sampling and analyses, extendibility;

2. Bio-molecules simulant, to which it represents U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) relevant extents; and,

3. Bio-detection high degree of sensitivity and specificity processing, etc.

DARPA SIMBIOSYS emphasis is at the ‘molecular level’ for ‘sensing’ and ‘detection’.

SIMBIOSYS Program precludes human cells and human tissue based sensing because other DARPA programs currently address those issues in combination thereof.

SIMBIOSYS Goals –

SIMBIOSYS Program ‘stimulates multi-disciplinary research’ – bringing together biologists, chemists, engineers, physicists, computer scientists and others to address difficult and pressing challenges in advancing micro and nano-biotechnology.

SIMBIOSYS Program goal is to ‘utilize phenomena’ in ‘bio-fluidic transport’, ‘molecular recognition’ and ‘signal transduction from joint studies in modeling and experiments.

SIMBIOSYS Program joint effort expects results in ‘new hardware device, new hardware processes and new hardware production communities that will begin utilizing new models, new rules, new methods and new processes together enabling design and development of enhanced performance next generation bio-microdevices.

DARPA Advanced Projects –

DARPA is focusing on, amongst many, these advanced projects:

1. Bioengineering artificial intelligence ( AI ) systems sized from nanometers and meters up to large-scale robotic systems deployed globally;

2. Biological hybrid devices and systems, inspired from computational algorithms and models;

3. Biosynthesized composite materials incorporating synthetic enzymes and pathways from biochemical cellular engineered concepts for application productions;

4. Neural phenomena control over system science computation measurement application interfaces addressing humans;

5. Micro-scale reagents biochemically engineered;

6. Biosynthesis signal processing control platform studies;

7. Molecular biological population level behavior dynamic simulation modeling complexes; and,

8. Subcellular device physics affects and cellular device physics affects within biological component systems using real-time non-destructive observation study techniques.

[ PHOTO ( above ): legacy MicroFlyer, only a Microelectronic Aerial Vehicle – MAV ( click to enlarge ) ]

Bioengineered MicroBots Developed & Deployed –

Battlefields now require ‘unmanned combat aerial vehicles’ ( UCAV ) and ‘advanced weapons’ that self-navigate and self-reconfigure with autonomous communication systems accomplishing time-critical commands, however while many use Commercial Off The Shelf ( COTS ) products, such is not the case for developed and deployed bioengineered microrobots.

MicroBot AMR Control By MARS –

DARPA mobile autonomous robot software ( MARS ) Project is designed to develop and transition ‘currently unavailable software technologies programming’ operations of autonomous mobile robots ( AMR ) in partially known changing and unpredictable environments.

DARPA SIMBIOSYS Program aims provide new software removing humans from combat, conveyance, reconnaissance, and surveillance processes by:

1. Extending military hardware range;

2. Lowering manpower costs;

3. Removing human physiology for swifter concepts, designs, engineering, development, and deployment successes; and,

4. Researchers demonstrating autonomous navigation of humanoid robots, unmanned military vehicles, autonomous vehicles and interactions between humans.

DARPA indicates that robots – to be meaningful – must be fully integrated into human lives in military, commercial, educational and domestic usages must be capable of interacting in more natural human ways.

DARPA funded research and development of robots given similar bodies with human-like intelligence for humanoid interaction providing new ways for the human world.

COG Robot –

DARPA funded Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) researchers, employing a set of sensors and actuators ( with small microcontrollers for joint level control, up to larger audio-visual digital signal network pre-processors for controlling different levels of its heterogeneous hierarchy network ) approximating human body sensory and motor dynamics, created the robot named COG that eventually allowed DARPA further development of deployable, modular, reconfigurable and autonomous robots.

[ PHOTO ( above ): legacy Biomorphic Explorers – Snakes and Bats ( click to enlarge ) ]

CONRO Robots –

CONRO robots, developed through DARPA, employed autonomous capabilities, of:

1. Self-repair; and, 2. Morphogenesis ( changing shapes ).

Examples, amongst many, included design styled:

Snake robots, able to move ‘in-to’ and ‘out-of’ tight spaces; and,

Insect robots, able to move faster ( covering more ground meeting military mission swifter needs ).

[ PHOTO ( above ): legacy Spider, and Payload biochemical delivery simulation ( click to enlarge ) ]

CONRO robots were design equipped to perform two ( 2 ) missions:

1. Reconnaissance ( activity detection, monitorization, and reporting – surveillance ); and,

2. Deliver small ‘military payloads’ ( bio-chemical weapons, etc. ) into ‘enemy occupied remote territory locations’ ( away-from friendly warfighters ).

CONRO robots are comprised of multiple SPIDERLINK modules.

In 1999, DARPA built both ‘snakes’ and ‘hexapods’ as ‘initially tethered’ prototypes termed 1-DOF, equipped with abilities to both ‘dock’ and ‘gait ambulate’ based on applied computational algorithms.

In 2000, DARPA had twenty ( 20 ) autonomous self-sufficient ‘modules’ – not mentioning what those resembled – built designated as 2-DOF, after:

1. Hormone based control developed and tested theory;

2. Hormone hexapods and snakes implemented motions ( for 2-DOF );

3. Quadrupeds, hexapods and snakes implemented locomotion with centralized control for 2-DOF;

4. Morphing self-repair ‘modules’ delivering small payloads used ‘miniature cameras’ that were designed and tested; and,

5. Snake head with snake tail with configured docking capabilities were implemented laboratory two dimensional ( 2-D ) testing.

CONRO DARPA Near-Term Milestones:

1. Modules’ reconfigurability ( morphogenesis ) robust automation designed and demonstrated ( for 2-DOF );

2. Topology ‘discovery’ ( automatic topography recognition ) demonstration;

3. Gait reconfiguration ( morphogenesis ) automation for ambulating a ‘given’ ( programmed instruction ) topology designed and demonstrated;

4. Gait reconfiguration ( morphogenesis ) automation for ambulating a ‘discovery’ ( automatic topography recognition ) designed and demonstrated;

5. Wireless ( radio frequency, infra-red, etc. ) control of miniature cameras demonstrated;

6. Pointing ( waving, mousepad, etc. ) control of miniature cameras demonstrated; and,

7. Large scale deployment of CONRO robots demonstrated.

[ PHOTO ( above ): DARPA BioBot named Blaberus ( click to enlarge ) ]

Deployer Robot ( DR ) –

Deployer Robots ( DR ) ‘support’ and ‘deploy’ distributed ‘teams of other smaller robots’ termed “Joeys” ( singular, “Joey” ) that perform either ‘hazardous tasks’ or ‘tedious tasks’.

Deployer Robots ( DR ) have two ( 2 ) roles, that:

1. Carry and launch given numbers of smaller Joey robots ( Joeys ); and,

2. Command and control ( C2 ) – after launching – Joey robots ( Joeys ).

[ PHOTO ( above ): legacy CyberLink HID test USAF personnel with DARPA robots ( click to enlarge ) ]

Robot Loop Pyramid –

Robot-in-the-Loop ( RIL ) concept, augments Human-in-Loop ( HIL ), building a ‘pyramid of robots’ – supervised by one ( 1 ) person.

‘Launch’ and ‘Command and Control’ ( C2 ) – of different Joey robots ( multiple, i.e. Joeys ) – two ( 2 ) goals are handled independently, as:

1. ‘Launch’ of robots, via grenade sized Joey robot clusters ( multiple ), developed under DARPA Deployer Robot ( DR ) Program availability of smaller Joeys; and,

2. ‘Command and Control’ ( C2 ), is investigated using ‘larger robots’ developed for DARPA ITO sister Software for Distributed Robotics ( SDR ) Program enabling fully leverage of both Deployer Robot ( DR Program and Software for Distributed Robotics ( SDR ) Program development of algorithms leveraging heterogeneous interaction between a ‘smart’ highly mobile ‘Deployer Robot’ ( DR ) and a ‘team’ of Joey robots that are more powerful, less computational and less mobile.

[ PHOTO ( above ): legacy Virtual Combiman digital glove waving battlespace management ( click to enlarge ) ]

DARPA key universal elements of robot deployment examined:

1. Emplacement – Launching and dynamically situating the Joeys for mission goals;

2. Operations – Maintaining the infrastructure to support the distributed front, including communications and error detection and recovery ( e.g., getting back on course after positional drift ); and,

3. Recovery – Collecting Joey robots data to analyze after delivery into a format useful for the human operator.

DARPA Deployer Robot ( DR ) Program development acquired and refitted two ( 2 ) Urban Robot Upgrades ( URU ) in new Deployer Robots ( DR ) types.

DARPA, investigated five ( 5 ) alternate launch strategies, but selected only one ( 1 ):

1. Grenade barrel launch, delivery of robots, into a three ( 3 ) story building.

2. Grenade barrel launcher was designed, equipped and developed, with:

3. Grenade Magazine contains ‘multiple Joey robots’ for ejection – supports full mobility integrity of the Deployer Robot ( DR );

4. Sensor mast ( collapsible ) – for Deployer Robot ( DR ) interaction with Joey robots launched on arrival at destination location; and,

5. Communication ( 916 MHz ) link between Deployer Robot ( DR ) and Joey robots.

DARPA SDR Program –

DARPA Software for Distributed Robotics ( SDR ) Program development designed and built Joey robot prototypes ( approximately 3-1/2 inch cube ) for ultimate fabrication in a production lot quantity of 120 Joey robot units.

DARPA Software for Distributed Robotics ( SDR ) Program leverage and adaptation controls swarms of Joey robots.

DARPA Near-Term Milestones:

1. Launch propulsion mechanisms ( C02 cartridge, .22 caliber shell, or other ) deployment testing of Joey robots into battlefield areas;

2. Launcher ( of multiple Joey robot deployment ) mechanism built on-board first ( 1st ) Deployer Robot ( DR ) named Bandicoot;

3. Sensor mast ( collapsible ) built and installed on-board second ( 2nd ) Deployer Robot ( DR ) named Wombat;

4. Radio Frequency ( RF ) development protocols for interaction between Deployer Robot ( DR ) and Joey robots;

5. Infra-Red ( IR ) deployment protocols for interaction mechanisms between Deployer Robot ( DR ) and Joey robots using IR ( Infra-Red );

6. Human Interface Device ( HID ) operator remote control unit ( ORCU ) development for Deployer Robot ( DR ).

DARPA SIMBIOSYS began over 12-years ago. All the photographs ( above ) are almost one decade ( 10-years ) old.

Current careful research on this subject further provides more information about where the U.S. stands today.

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ), Host
E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com
WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

Reference

http://web.archive.org/web/20021214110038/http://groups.msn.com/AnExCIA/rampdintell.msnw

X-CIA Files Archives 2

Xcia Files main page image

[ NOTE: Legacy ( circa 1998 – 2003 ) X-CIA FILES website reports, briefs and images ( below ) ]

WARNING & DISCLAIMER: THIS IS NOT A GOVERNMENT WEBSITE

X-CIA Files Archive 2

” Details, Usually ‘Unavailable’ Elsewhere, Are Typically ‘Available’ Here! “

ExtraTerrestrial Technologies ( ETT )

Plasma Torch Rectenna Propulsion

3D Penrose Tiling Structures

Quasi-Crystal Materials Sciences

Lenticular Tactical Aerospace Vehicles ( LTAV )

Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle ( UCAV ) Linear Engines

Single-Stage To Orbit ( STO ) Vehicle Propulsion

Space-Time Continuum Manipulations

INTEL ( DOCILE ) Digital IC Orbit Communication Technologies

ExtraTerrestrial Biological Entities ( EBE )

Rare Unidentified Flying Objects ( UFO )

Linear AeroSpike Engines for Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles ( UCAV )

ROCKETDYNE linear AeroSpike XRS-2200 ( RS-2200 ) engines utilize a design first developed in the early 1970s incorporating Apollo space mission era hardware from J-2S engines. Although this AeroSpike engine began almost 30-years ago it is of strategic importance today in the F-117-E Stealth reconnaissance aircraft it will be for future aerospace vehicles now under development.

21st Century propulsion technology was derived from a combination of 1960s era hardware developed from several decades of engine designs plus 1990s era design / analysis tools and fiscal realities that ushered in an entirely new era of commercial and military space flight where ‘old technology’ was found to be a primary key to developing even newer technological advancements.

The AeroSpike team located vendors, who more than 30-years ago, manufactured the original J-2S legacy engine hardware that AeroSpike based its turbo-machinery on.

Vendors, still in existence, were contracted to provide the Program with newly built J-2S hardware.

In cases where vendors had gone out-of business, new generation vendors were identified for producing new hardware from 30-year old legacy designs.

Panels, that make up the unique AeroSpike nozzle, presented a huge design challenge.

AeroSpike nozzles have a form like a large curved ramp – unlike traditional bell shaped nozzle characteristics for most rocket engines.

AeroSpike nozzle thermal and structural loads required development of new manufacturing processes and toolings to fabricate and assemble AeroSpike nozzle hardware.

The AeroSpike team found a way to accommodate huge thermal expansions and induced mechanical forces in mechanical and brazed joints of the assemblies where appropriate materials and attachment techniques were identified so effective manufacturing processes were developed.

In early 1997, a small half span model packaged equipped with an AeroSpike 8 thrust-celled nozzle engine equipped Lift-Body Vehicle [ SR-74 Scramp ( see further below ) ] – called the LASRE experiment – was piggy-back mounted onto a LOCKHEED SR-71 BlackBird high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft that was then tasked to operate like a ‘flying wind test tunnel’ to determine a Single-Stage-To-Orbit ( STO ) Reusable Launch Vehicle ( RLV ) onboard AeroSpike engine plume would affect aerodynamics of the Lifting Body Vehicle shape at specific altitudes and speeds initially reaching approximately 750-mph.

The interaction of the aerodynamic flow with the engine plume could create drag and design refinements minimized that interaction.

The lifting body model, eight [ 8 ] nozzled AeroSpike engine and, canoe collective was called the “pod.” The entire pod was 41-feet in length and weighed 14,300 pounds. The experimental pod, mounted onto an Air Force LOCKHEED SR-71 BlackBird stealth reconnaissance aircraft loaner, was completed in November 1998.

Successfully completion braze of the first flight ramp was accomplished as well as the fabrication and assemblies of the parts for the first thrusters.

With completion of those milestones the AeroSpike engine proceeded through fabrication, test and, delivery enabling support for the planned first flight in 1999.

Now, the AeroSpike XRS-2200 linear thrust-vectoring engine’s eventual “new placement’ was set for the sub-orbital technology air/space vehicle – referred to as the X-33 VentureStar – had a Rocketdyne team anticipating delivery of their first XRS-2200 AeroSpike flight engine by September of 1999.

Also, a “combined industry and government team” at LOCKHEED-MARTIN Skunk Works ( Palmdale, California ) was developing the X-33 for its AeroSpike XRS-2200 engine flight out of Edwards Air Force Base ( California ) scheduled for December of 1999.

The Linear Aerospike XRS-2200 ( RS-2200 ) engine was developed by the ROCKETDYNE PROPULSION AND POWER UNIT of the BOEING COMPANY indicating they completed the engine in early 2000 although the F-117A Stealth fighter was already secretly flying ‘long before’ their official public information release.

The difference between the linear AeroSpike engine and conventional rocket engines are the shape of the nozzle – unlike conventional rocket engines using a bell shaped nozzle to constrict expanding gases – the Aerospike nozzle is V-shaped and called a “ramp”.

The performance of Electro-Mechanical Actuators ( EMA ) are used in propellant valving for these engines. EMA is seen as a technology of choice in new rocket engines that would be developed under the Space Launch Initiative ( SLI ).

The XRS-2200 gas generator operated successfully in the flow-rate range of proposed X-33 operating conditions. The gas generator essentially was a J2 gas generator modified for the higher chamber pressure and flow-rate required for the XRS-2200.

The gas generator must be able to operate in conditions significantly higher than normal J2 operating conditions.

A review of the data showed the gas generator operated in these conditions but that also, the combustor shell wall temperatures were within acceptable tolerances. Post test inspections also found the hardware to be in good operating condition which showed signs of marked improvements from past hardware weakening. Engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center ( MFSC ) were able to demonstrate the gas generator could be started with a softer ramp, to minimize overpressure of the combustor shell, by accurately sequencing valve timings and ramps on the XRS-2200 AeroSpike engine.

Successful component tests followed a series of AeroSpike multi-cell engine tests at Marshall Space Flight Center that successfully demonstrated hydrogen-oxygen combustion at full power, emergency power, and low throttle conditions.

The pressure fed thrusters and AeroSpike nozzles were developed at the Rocketdyne Division of Boeing under a technology agreement with NASA and Lockheed-Martin who was set to build the VentureStar X-33 transport aerospace vehicle.

The XRS-2200 AeroSpike engine shoots hot gases, from multiple linear placed chamber nozzles along the outside of the ramp surface. This unusual design allows the engine to be more efficient and effective than today’s rocket engines by ‘modulating the thrust to various positioned sets of these nozzels acting in concert with vectoring – shaping direction of engine propulsion / thrust.

Hot test firings were performed with tests on the powerpack at the John C. Stennis Space Center, which included the turbo-machinery and gas generator that ran a program duration of 45-seconds with a start to the 80% power level transition to mainstage operation at 100% power and then throttled down to 57% power.

Test data indicated normal shutdown with no anomalies for the ROCKETDYNE AeroSpike XRS-2200 linear engine designed for use onboard the VentureStar X-33 – Reusable Launch Vehicle ( RLV ) – prior to delivery at the LOCKHEED-MARTIN VentureStar X-33 assembly facility ( Palmdale, California ) where the X-33 was to be flown from Edwards Air Force Base ( California ) into outerspace followed by a return touchdown at one ( 1 ) of two ( 2 ) landing sites ( i.e. Utah or Montana ).

Some VentureStar X-33 and XRS-2200 ROCKETDYNE engine project participants, were:

– Gene Austin, Program Manager for NASA VentureStar X-33 at Marshall Space Flight Center; – Cleon Lacefield, Vice-President LOCKHEED-MARTIN Space Systems ( Palmdale, California ) VentureStar X-33; – Don Chenevert, Program Manager, NASA X-33, Aerospike Engine Testing at Stennis Space Center, MS; – Mike McKeon, Program Manager X-33 Aerospike Engine, ROCKETDYNE Propulsion and Power Unit, BOEING ( Canoga Park, California ); and, – Steve Bouley, Division Director, Propulsion Development, ROCKETDYNE Propulsion & Power Unit, BOEING.

Instead of hydraulics, future propulsion systems may use EMAs to control major propellant valves so gaining performance data in ‘real world testing’ has significant value.

There are six ( 6 ) EMAs – on each AeroSpike test engine – used to deliver propellants to the thruster banks and gas generators. Two ( 2 ) engines will use forty ( 40 ) thrusters – 20 per XRS-2200 AeroSpike engine achieves aircraft velocities exceeding Mach 13 +.

A total of seven ( 7 ) variations of the Advanced Linear AeroSpike Engines – built by the ROCKETDYNE DIVISION of BOEING – were to power the X-33 VentureStar RLV to have been built by LOCKHEED-MARTIN.

There were three ( 3 ) additional powerpack assemblies and four ( 4 ) full-up AeroSpike XRS-2200 linear engines – including two ( 2 ) flight units that existed during the remainder of the development program.

ROCKETDYNE developed the XRS-2200 Aerospike linear engine at its Canoga Park, California facility for the later cancelled ( 2001 ) VentureStar X-33 Single-Stage To Orbit ( STO ) Reusable Launch Vehicle ( RLV ) space transport program. A joint BOEING and NASA team at Stennis Space Center did the final XRS-2200 AeroSpike engine assembly.

The RS-2200 Linear Aerospike Engine is being developed for use on the LOCKHEED-MARTIN Skunk Works Reusable Launch Vehicle ( RLV ).

The Aerospike linear engine allows the smallest lowest cost RLV ( Reusable Launch Vehicle ) to be developed because the engine fills the base ( reducing base drag ) and is integral to the vehicle – reducing installed weight when compared to a bell shaped conventional rocket engine.

The Aerospike is somewhat the same as bell shaped rocket engines, except for its nozzle open to the atmosphere. The open plume compensates for decreasing atmospheric pressure as the vehicle ascends – keeping engine performance very-high along the entire trajectory.

This altitude compensating feature allows a simple low-risk gas generator cycle to be used. Over $500,000,000 million has been invested to-date in AeroSpike engines, and full size linear engines have accumulated seventy=three [ 73 ] tests and over 4,000 seconds of operation.

Following the series of tests, XRS-2200 AeroSpike engines were removed from the test stand facility and put into storage at the Stennis Space Center – awaiting NASA instructions on engine final dispositions.

The precursor to the AURORA Transport-Lift Vehicle X-43 placed three ( 3 ) such X-43A aerospace vehicles inside the Dryden Space Flight facility at Edwards Air Force Base, California where a 12-foot-long under wing test vehicle existed for the NASA “Hyper-X” multi-year hypersonic research program [ AURORA ] to demonstrate “airframe integrated and air breathing ( AeroSpike ) engine technologies” that promise to increase payload capacity for future vehicles by consuming ambient oxygen at altitudes higher than previously possible.

This will remove the need for carrying oxygen tanks onboard to promote combustion, as traditional rockets must do now.

Two flights are planned at Mach 7 ( approximately 5,000 mph ) and one ( 1 ) flight at Mach 10 ( almost 7,200 mph ) to a top speed of Mach 13 +.

By comparison, the world’s fastest “air-breathing plane” – to date – was the LOCKHEED SR-71 Blackbird that could fly at an ‘unclassified airspeed’ of Mach 3 + to an extimated top speed of Mach 7.

Future generations of EMAs will be even more compact – than those currently in operation – that will pave the way for linear AeroSpike acceleration thrust-vectoring engines to be deployed onboard ‘newly designed’ Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles ( UAV ).

Some X-33 and ROCKETDYNE XRS-2200 AeroSpike engine project participants, were:

– Gene Austin, NASA X-33 Program Manager, Marshall Space Flight Center; – Cleon Lacefield, Lockheed-Martin Space Systems Company Vice President for X-33, Palmdale, CA; – Don Chenevert, NASA X-33 Program Manager, Aerospike Engine Testing, Stennis Space Center, MS; – Mike McKeon, X-33 Aerospike Engine Program Manager, Rocketdyne Propulsion and Power, The Boeing Company, Canoga Park, CA; and, – Steve Bouley, Division Director, Propulsion Development, Rocketdyne Propulsion & Power Unit, the Boeing Company.

August 8, 2001 – The NASA Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle Program – also known as the Space Launch Initiative ( SLI ) – is making advances in propulsion technology with this third and final successful engine hot-fire designed to test electro-mechanical actuators. Information learned from this hot-fire test series about new electro-mechanical actuator technology – which controls the flow of propellants in rocket engines – could provide key advancements for the propulsion systems of future spacecraft. The test of twin ( 2 ) Linear Aerospike XRS-2200 engines originally built for the X-33 program, was performed Monday, August 6, 2001 at the NASA Stennis Space Center, Mississippi where the engines were fired for the planned 90-seconds and reached a planned maximum power of 85%. The test was originally slated to attain full power during 100-seconds of testing. Prior to the test, engineers determined the necessary results could be achieved at reduced duration and power. Based on this determination, both planned duration and planned power were reduced. Two [ 2 ] shorter hot-fires of the AeroSpike engines were performed last month [ July 2001 ] in preparation for the final test firing on August 6, 2001.

The Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle ( RLV ) Program, led by the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama is a technology development program designed to increase safety and reliability while reducing costs for space travel.

“Because every engine proposed by industry for a second generation vehicle has electro-mechanical actuators, we took advantage of these AeroSpike engines already on the test stand to explore this relatively new technology now – saving us valuable time later,” said Garry Lyles, Propulsion Projects Office manager of the Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle Program at the Marshall Center. “This data is critical toward developing the confidence required to support the use of these actuators on future launch vehicles.”

Electro-mechanical actuators electronically regulate the amount of propellant (fuel and oxidizer) flow in the engine. The new technology is a potential alternative and improvement to the older pneumatic and hydraulic fluid systems currently used by the aerospace industry to drive and control critical rocket engine valves.

“This series of engine firings tested the actuator control system in what we call a ‘real condition of use’ environment,” said Dr. Donald Chenevert, electro-mechanical actuator project manager at the Stennis Center. “Firing allows us to see how the integrated system handles the extreme cold of cryogenic propellants, the stress loads of the propellants pushing through the valves, and the dynamic response to commanded flow rate changes. Additionally, we have many other unique conditions such as shock and vibration loads not found in a lab, so we capture more realistic data about the true performance of the actuators.” Engineers are performing engine post-test inspections, and early indications are that all test objectives have been met, Chenevert said.

The final data is to be fed directly into the engine systems being considered for a second-generation reusable launch vehicle, Lyles said. “Propulsion is one of the highest and most critical technology areas that we are exploring,” said Dennis Smith, manager of the Second Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle Program Office at the Marshall Center. “Our goal also is to find, improve or develop technologies such as airframes, avionics, health management systems and ground operations – all to make getting people and payloads into space safer and cheaper.”

The Rocketdyne Propulsion and Power Unit of The Boeing Company in Canoga Park, California developed the AeroSpike engine with engine test support conducted at Stennis Space Center.

RESEARCH ( Full Photo Gallery ): https://web.archive.org/web/20081020050929/http://unwantedpublicity.media.officelive.com/Gallery.aspx

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[ PHOTO ( Insert Here ): No photo ( to-date ) exists, to provode even an approximate exemplification ( for display as a header image ) depicting two ( 2 ) certain large dark triangle crafts I have personally witnessed as a trained intelligence professional and observer, that I have only briefly described within some of my reported publishings ) ]

Southern California High Desert Community Town Hall Meeting On ExtraTerrestrial Events –

USA, California, Hesperia – 1997 – Local area residents of the Victorville Valley southern California area formed a collective having focused new attentions toward the sky where a rash of ‘satellite failures’, unidentified flying objects ( UFO ) including one ( 1 ) that stopped 2-way traffic for 10-minutes at night along a popular California interstate where a very large triangle craft hovered while actually blocking out starlight, and – further south – a few extraterrestrial biological entity ( EBE ) sightings.

Local newspapers only reported that local area residents, curious from too many unexplained sightings, were holding an open to the public Town Hall Meeting ( Main Street in Hesperia, California ) to discuss and compare what they were encountering.

The town hall meeting, held in a small retail center with a fast food store, unfortunately did not discuss UFo sightings because a woman – operating an overhead transparency slide projector – placed images of ‘foreign’ ( Mexico ) area Chupacabra sightings for discussion. Frustrated by the obviously lengthy Chupacabra distraction, not taking local area UFO questions, most residents in-attendance abandoned the town hall office meeting to stretch their legs outside where some began talking amongst themselves about ‘UFO and alien local encounters’ they thought the town hall meeting was supposed to be allowing for open discussions.

Noticing town hall meeting attendees pouring outside, freelance reporter Paul Collin interviewed the disenfranchised residents whom left their off-topic town hall meeting inside. Eyewitnesses, came with family members, some providing additional eyewitness accounts. Providing one-on-one interviews for only first-hand reports describing details, residents were also allowed to personally sketch drawings of personal UFO and alien entity encounters.

A good investigative journalist may play unknowledgeable while subtly and quite effectively being able to quickly assess normal human frailties from purposeful deceit in getting to the bottom of the truth. Easy to spot, are armchair storytellers ( with plenty of time on their hands who invariably stray from the topic to talk about what they did or do for a living ), narcissists ( rambling on about themselves while exhibiting rather odd personal quirks ), weird-os and opportunists ( some wearing partial Star Trek or Wonder Woman costumes, alien face masks, spring-wired tinfoil antenna balls sprouting from headbands, or constantly looking in their compact mirrors to see if their make-up is still on their face correct ), and then move-on to interview others whose purpose stems from serious concerns as a resident member of the community.

Even then, trying to detrmine fact from fictionalized accountings is not an easy task. You look deep into these people’s faces as they convey their stories. “Did they really see what they’re claiming?” Look at their faces, closer, any micromomentary facial expressions? Also look carefully at their eyes and the direction they quickly snap ‘just before beginning to answer your question’. Look carefully at their reactions after throwing their own statement back at them, but with a purposeful small inaccuracy, to see whether they correct it, become exacerbated by your having just twisted what they just conveyed, or continue as though that’s what they said – but actually didn’t. Can they provide details as to what they were doing ‘just before the time of their encounter’? Do they appear to be easily disturbed emotionally or do they offer light-hearted concerns while discussing their more serious concerns on-topic?

Most were rather ‘original’, several did not match what was mostly being reported, some interviewees were very apolegetic for not having more than just a little to report. The culmination of many reports served to quickly narrow the scope of ‘believeable encounters’ from those ‘otherwise’.

Analysis of all boiled down to the following six ( 6 ) essential facts:

1. High-volume ( PUBLIC ) sightings;

2. Short-term duration ( 30-DAY ) reportings;

3. Small region ( HIGH DESERT ) locations;

4. Near ground Low Earth Orbit ( LEO ) altitudes.

5. Limited design ( UFO ) triangles; and,

6. Incident ( MAJOR ) highways.

Over all reports, only four ( 4 ) really stood-out:

A. There was the Hesperia, California family in their minivan – homebound east on Main Street ( Hesperia, California ) with a clear sunset behind them having just left a soccer game when all occupants began to comment about what appeared outside their windshield in the low horizon distance where a slimline triangle shaped UFO just lingered ( for about 5-minutes ) but then suddenly ( in seconds ) snapped its location due south and shot upward where all of a sudden – and in’mid-sky’ – just blinked-out before even reaching the upper darkening sky. The triangle UFO exhibited ‘no contrails’, ‘no sound barrier boom’, nothing. Just a brief low earth hover, quick snap south and then up out of sight in the blink of an eye. While the kids were all excited, the parents tried calming them down – along with their own unsettled nerves – explaining it all away as only being some new Air Force jet. Deep inside, the parents knew it was ‘not any aircraft’, but only one ( 1 ) of other unexplained sightings plaguing yet other residents over the past month;

B. All alone, a middle-aged man traveling west on Main Street ( Hesperia, California ) homebound for Phelan, California spotted in the southwest sky over the Wrightwood mountains a large triangle craft slowly moving upward. Stopping at California state highway 395 traffic light. He looked back up out his windshield and saw nothing there anymore, but it gave him something to tell his wife when he arrived home. The wife, rolling her eyes, put dinner on the table, but interestingly was also present by his side at the town hall meeting as well. Residents wanted to know what was going on in their local community, especially after local UFO sightings appeared to begin registering in their local paper;

C. Further southwest and beyond the Wrightwood mountains – in Azusa, California – a grandmother and her live-in daughter nurse both witnessed – on two ( 2 ) separate occasions while driving home slowly down their semi-rural neighborhood street at night – two ( 2 ) glowing red eyes in the head of what appeared to them to be a small 2-legged ape-like creature hunched down by the side of their road where although well ahead of their vehicle the creature suddenly darted across the street but with what they both claimed was at a ‘frightening blur’ of a pace. The women also spotted what they believed was the same 2-legged ape-like creature with red eyes three ( 3 ) additional times but inside the furthest corner of their backyard where it seemed to be glaring at them both through the rear kitchen window. Immediately scared to death, both residents – whom by the time they thought to call police – then witnessed the creature pop-up – rather unusually – bounding over and outside their backyard fence. I had to ask if they remained in the town hall meeting for the Chupacabra discussion, and they glanced at each other and let me know that what they saw was ‘not’ a Chupacabra. I asked, “Could it have been a baby Chupacabra? They looked at each other and then back at me, shaking their heads in the negative. Their ‘thing’ was ‘not hairy’, did ‘not have head horn spikes’, was ‘not a color shade of grey, blue, or eggshell’. It was ‘black’, ‘short’, and when it moved – it moved ‘extremely fast’ with an ‘odd blur’ you couldn’t focus-in on. I thought to myself, “Probably darn hard to target fire onto;” and,

D. What brought the freelance reporter to the meeting in the first place was his own personal encounter in the same general area of the High Desert of southern California where 1-week earlier at night while 20-minutes northeast of Victorville, California in the middle of the desert on California Interstate 15 ( I-15 ) on his way to Las Vegas, Nevada he noticed traffic on ‘both sides of the that highway pulling over and stopping. He figured a serious accident occured and pulled over to exit his vehicle to look out into the desert along the highway, but didn’t see any vehicles there. He walked back a couple of cars and noticed a group of people talking together and asked where the accident was. He was told to look up just a little off to the east of the intersate highway to see what was stopping traffic, and there ‘it’ was – an incredibly huge black triangle shaped object just hovering without any lights on. The oddest thing about it was that it was so huge that a whole section of the night sky had no starlight while all around the flying object anyone ‘could easily see starlight all around’ but no starlight directly above the behemoth. I asked the group what the thing was doing and what had it been doing. They said they didn’t know what it was doing now, but that it had been exhibiting a low hum, which stopped, and it was just continuing to linger where it had been for what they estimated had been 15-minutes. I called the California Highway Patrol office and they said they were already responding to it. I heard no emergency sirens and saw no red lights. I waited another 15-minutes and nothing happened. It just lingered a few hundred feet above ground off in the desert. Not being too much braver I decided to get back into my car and turn around and go back home.

The following week, I located one ( 1 ) particular Blockbuster video store on Bear Valley Road in southwest Victorville, California. That particular store carried an unusually large selection of UFO documentary videos placed in a special section. I decidely watched over 100 of those videos to determine if anyone else might have seen any huge triangle UFOs. At the time ( 1997 ) there were unfortunately ‘no flying triangle videos’ I could lay my hands on.

Apparently my frequent selections attracted the attention of the store owner, John Pflughoft of MPM INVEST, who eventually approached me and politel asked why I was interested in watching so many UFO videos. I think he knew something had startled me into that habit so, I conveyed what I had seen the previous week.

I also shared my late night experiences during 1972 while assigned to the Intelligence Section Station at George Air Force Base and later Edwards Air Force Base in the High Desert. I told him about strange red, orange, and yellow ‘firelight’ coming out the tops of some of the smaller mountains scattered between George AFB and Edwards AFB out in the middle of the desert. The video proprietor asked if I knew what the ‘firelights’ were. I told him I figured it was just rocket engine testing going on inside some of those small mountains.

He asked if I had ever seen any UFOs before last week. All I had to convey was an experience in 1976 while camping with a couple of my military buddies of mine up in the Iron Mountain range between Randsburg, California and Mojave, California at night, and while we ‘saw nothing’ all three ( 3 ) of us ‘heard’ a very unusual ‘electronic whirring sound’ that seemed to be travelling up and down both sides of the foothills a few hundred feet from where we were trying to sleep. I told him we walked in the direction of where we heard the whirring sound coming from last but saw nothing. Then when we returned to our camp where 30-minutes later we all heard it start back up again so, we left in the middle of the night and drove 90-miles to get home. He smiled and said, “Well, I guess that until last week you’ve been pretty lucky to have remained out-of the UFO experience.”

He then asked if an upcoming town hall meeting in Hesperia, California where residents were going to discuss their own personal UFO and extraterrestrial encounters during the recent month might interest me. I knew nothing of any other sightings so, he suggested I attend and asked if I would report back to him what I learned. I agreed, attended the meeting, but when it began being abandonded, dug-out a yellow legal pad of paper and began interviewing attendees upon exit. A final report was  prepared, and along with resident sketches, placed in a manila envelope sealed-up and dropped-off at the Blockbuster store for his later review.

– –

[ PHOTO ( above ): Circa 12OCT62 – Ames Langley Research Center lenticular vehicle aero-space body designs ( click on image to enlarge ) ]

As far back as October 12, 1962 Ames Langley and Dryden Flight Research Centers began feasibility studies and designs for developing a lenticular design space re-entry air vehicle with speeds capable of reaching Mach 25 + to Mach 50 +.

[ photo ( above ) TR-3B Astra – Flying Triangle ( click to enlarge ) ]

In 1995, at Nellis Air Force Base Test Range S-4 ( near Papoose Lake, Nevada ) the TR3-B ( a lenticular-shaped aerial vehicle ) was seen and reported to be between 300-feet and 500-feet in diameter.

Reportedly, the TR3B flies at speeds of Mach 15 + and reflects a bright blue grey color believed to be biological electro-chromatic 3-D Penrose tiling polymer material providing highly advanced stealth qualities.

TR3B is also believed to have carried the INTEL company Direct Orbital Communication & Intelligence Link Electronics ( DOCILE ) computer processor unit ( CPU ) system.

TR3B is believed to have derived partial funding from Strategic Defense Initiative ( SDI – Star Wars ) links with the super secret AURORA Program Office global security defense operations mission.

TR3-B is believed using a quasi-crystalline molecular property energy containment storage core driving a plasma-fluidic propulsion system employing combinatoric development of its Magnetic Field Disruptor ( MFD ) quantum-flux transduction field generator technology.

TR3B reportedly emits cyclotron radiation, performs pulse detonation acceleration, and carries EPR quantum receivers.

TR3B craft reportedly resembles a ‘very large triangle’ ( shaped ) air vehicle.

TR3B (aka) TR3-B (aka) TIER III B craft in no way resembled the TR-3/A MANTA air vehicle.

The flight-testing of all experimental and first-model military aircraft occurred here along an ancient dry lake now called Rogers Dry Lake, located on the western edge of Southern California’s Mojave desert – south of Highway 58 between the two ( 2 ) towns of Mojave, California and Boron, California ( where the World’s largest open-pit borax mine is ) in Rogers Dry Lake ( one of the first immigrant trails through California ).

The first permanent settlers, to a certain desert region area, was the Corum Family who located near this large dry lake area ( in 1910 ) where later local residents tried to get the local U.S. Post Office to name it “Corum, California” however another city with a similar name “Coram, California” existed so, the name “Corum” was reverse spelled it as “Muroc,” which is where this Mojave desert area saw the U.S. Army Air Corps later name “Muroc Field” and the subsequent naming of the NASA Muroc Flight Test Unit ( MFTU ) in this California area.

This dry lake was extremely ideal as what would become the major site of aviation flight-test history because, at about 2,300-feet above sea level, Rogers Dry Lake not only happens to fill an area of about 44-square miles (nearly half again as large as New York’s Manhattan Island) making it one of the largest and best natural ( flat and hard surfaced ) landing sites on Earth. The arid desert weather also promotes excellent flying conditions on almost every day of the year ( about 320-days out of the year ).

Rogers Dry Lake is the sediment filled remnant of an ancient lake formed eons ago. Several inches of water can accumulate on the lakebed when it rains, and the water in combination with the desert winds creates a natural smoothing and leveling action across the surface. When the water evaporates in the desert sun, a smooth and level surface appears across the lakebed, one far superior to that made by humans.

[ photo ( above ) DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT Black Horse Project Manta ( click to enlarge ) ]

AURORA Program Office consisted of lenticular shaped and wingless aerospace vehicle Projects that industry sleuths speculate secretly held a billion dollar high-speed high-altitude surveillance air space vehicle that leaves a ‘contrail’ behind it resembling ‘doughnut clouds on a string’.

According to some reports, AURORA Program aerospace vehicles are capable of high-speed maneuverability allowing abrupt course change corrections within their own flight path.

Information ( below ) are excerpts from two ( 2 ) individuals, Robert “Bob” Lazar and Edgar Fouche, during different time periods at different locations. These relevant excerpts should serve to familiarize readers and provide interesting relationships between similarities of ETT ( ExtraTerrestrial Technologies ), reverse-engineering ( backward engineering ) of U.S. government military seized extraterrestrial spacecraft, and current day advanced technologies controlled by the U.S. Department of Defense ( DOD ), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) programs and projects worldwide.

Obvious template similarities seem to have been successfully performed in order to produce fully operational high-performance defense and observation flightcrafts for exclusively U.S. government use, examples of which may be viewed in the section “ NEWS ALERTS! “ on this website.

[ photo circa: 1995 ( above ) Area 51, Groom Lake Nevada ( click to enlarge ) ]

While Bob Lazar ( below ) provides his interviews mentioning eyewitness accounts coupled with basically seamless theories covering time and space folding with alien spacecraft ET technology interalia ETT [ ExtraTerrestrial Technologies ] given his previous work at the Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada Test Range Site S-4 Area 51 ( near Groom Lake, Nevada ), Edgar Fouche provides another arena of detailed information coinciding with some areas with what Bob Lazar saw in his own experiences near ExtraTerrestrial technology ( ETT ). Edgar Fouche depicts how ETT was converted into operational use flying craft for United States government arenas.

Skeptics may no longer speculate on what current aerospace lenticular crafts the U.S. has developed and just what is planned for the not too distant future where most of these highly classified Programs and Projects will remain cloaked for some time to come.

[ NOTE: For a look at current lenticular crafts, developed by the U.S., search this website for photos and details on UAV, UCAV, MCAV, MAV and High-Energy Weapons ( HEW ) and Directed Energy Weapon ( DEW ) research and development. ]

Culminations of technology data and relevant associated theories have never before been produced into one ( 1 ) reading area until now ( here ) where at first glance the following data may seem too fictionalized due in large part to its unfamiliarity to most, however these technologies are very much a large part of reality in what research provides of which only a very small percentage is presented in multiple interviews ( below ):

Interview Excerpts of Bob Lazar interview ( 09DEC89 ) on KLAS TV ( Las Vegas, Nevada ), below:

Producer / Host: George Knapp Lazar: The first thing was hands-on experience with the anti-matter reactor. Knapp: Explain what that is, how it works, and what it does. Lazar: It’s a plate about 18-inches in diameter with a sphere on top. Knapp: We have a tape of a model that a friend of yours made. You can narrate along. There it is… Lazar: Inside that tower is a chip of Element 115 they just put in there. That’s a super-heavy element. The lid goes on top. And as far as any other of the workings of it, I really don’t know, you know, [ such as ] what’s inside the bottom of it ( i.e. Element 115 ), sets up a gravitational field around the top. That little waveguide, you saw being put on the top, it essentially siphons off the gravitywave – and that’s later amplified in the lower portion of the craft. But, just in general, the whole technology is virtually unknown. Knapp: Now we saw the model. We saw the pictures of it there. It looks really, really simple, almost too simple to actually do anything. Lazar: Right. Knapp: Working parts? Lazar: None detectable. Essentially what the job was, to back-engineer [ reverse engineer ] everything, where you have a finished product and to step backwards and find out how it was made or how it could be made with earthly materials. There hasn’t been very much progress. Knapp: How long do you think they’ve had this technology up there? Lazar: It seems like quite a while, but I really don’t know. Knapp: What could you do with an anti-matter generator? What does it do? Lazar: It converts anti-matter . . . It DOESN’T convert anti-matter! There’s an annihilation reaction. It’s an extremely powerful reaction, a 100% conversion of matter to energy, unlike a fission or fusion reaction which is somewhere around eight-tenths of one percent conversion of matter to energy. Knapp: How does it work? What starts the reaction going? Lazar: Really, once the 115 [ Element 115 ] is put in, the reaction is initiated. Knapp: Automatic. Lazar: Right. Knapp: I don’t understand. I mean, there’s no button to push or anything? Lazar: No, there’s no button to push or anything. Apparently, the 115 under bombardment with protons lets out an anti-matter particle. This anti-matter particle will react with any matter whatsoever, which I imagine there is some target system inside the reactor. This, in turn, releases heat, and somewhere within that system there is a one-hundred-percent-efficient thermionic generator, essentially a heat-to-electrical generator. Knapp: How is this anti-matter reactor connected to gravity generation that you were talking about earlier? Lazar: Well, that reactor serves two purposes; it provides a tremendous amount of electrical power, which is almost a by-product. The gravitational wave gets formed at the sphere, and that’s through some action of the 115, and the exact action I don’t think anyone really knows. The wave guide siphons off that gravity wave, and that’s channeled above the top of the disk to the lower part where there are three gravity amplifiers, which amplify and direct that gravity wave. Knapp: In essence creating their own gravitational field. Lazar: Their own gravitational field. Knapp: You’re fairly convinced that science on earth doesn’t have this technology right now? We have it now at S-4, I guess, but we didn’t create it? Lazar: Right. Knapp: Why not? Why couldn’t we? Lazar: The technology’s not even — We don’t even know what gravity IS! Knapp: Well, what is it? What have you learned about what gravity is? Lazar: Gravity is a wave. There are many different theories, wave included. It’s been theorized that gravity is also particles, gravitons, which is also incorrect. But gravity is a wave. The basic wave they can actually tap off of an element: why that is I’m not exactly sure. Knapp: So you can produce your own gravity. What does that mean? What does that allow you to do? Lazar: It allows you to do virtually anything. Gravity distorts time and space. By doing that, now you’re into a different mode of travel, where instead of traveling in a linear method — going from Point A to B — now you can distort time and space to where you essentially bring the mountain to Mohammed; you almost bring your destination to you without moving. And since you’re distorting time, all this takes place in between moments of time. It’s such a far-fetched concept! Knapp: Of course, what the UFO skeptics say is, yeah, there’s life out there elsewhere in the universe; it can never come here; it’s just too darn far. With the kind of technology you’re talking about, it makes such considerations irrelevant about distance and time and things like that. Lazar: Exactly, because when you are distorting time, there’s no longer a normal reference of time. And that’s what producing your own gravity does. Knapp: You can go forward or backward in time? Is that’s what you’re saying? Lazar: No not essentially. It would be easier with a model. On the bottom side of the disk are the three gravity generators. When they want to travel to a distant point, the disk turns on its side. The three gravity generators produce a gravitational beam. What they do is they converge the three gravity generators onto a point and use that as a focal point; and they bring them up to power and PULL that point towards the disk. The disk itself will attach ONTO that point and snap back — AS THEY RELEASE SPACE BACK TO THAT POINT! Now all this happens in the distortion of time, so time is not incrementing. So the SPEED is essentially infinite. Knapp: We’ll get into the disks in a moment. But the first time you saw the anti-matter reactor in operation or a demonstration — you had a couple of demonstrations — tell me about that. Lazar: The first time I saw it in operation, we just put — a friend I worked with, Barry — put the fuel in the reactor, put the lid on as, as was shown there. Immediately, a gravitational field developed, and he said, “Feel it!” And it felt like you bring two like poles of a magnet together; you can do that with your hand. And it was FASCINATING to do that, impossible, except on something with great mass! And obviously this is just a . . . And it was a REPULSION field. In fact, we kind of fooled around with it for a little while. And we threw golf balls off it. And it was just a really unique thing. Knapp: And you had other demonstrations to show you that this is pretty wild stuff, right? Lazar: Yeah, they did. They were able to channel the field off in a demonstration that they created an INTENSE gravitational area. And you began to see a small little black disk form, and that was the bending of the light. Knapp: Just like a black hole floating around? Lazar: Yeah, well, a black hole is a bad analogy, but yeah, essentially.

Interview ( MAR – APR 1990 ) Excerpts of Bob Lazar at KLAS TV ( Las Vegas, NV ), below:

Lazar: The craft does not create an “antigravity” field, as some have surmised. “It’s a gravitational field that’s out of phase with the current one,” Lazar explained in a 1989 radio interview. “It’s the same gravitational wave. The phases vary from 180 degrees to zero … in a longitudinal propagation.” Assuming they’re in space, they will focus the three [ 3 ] gravity generators on the point they want to go to. Now, to give an analogy: If you take a thin rubber sheet, say, lay it on a table and put thumbtacks in each corner, then take a big stone and set it on one end of the rubber sheet and say that’s your spacecraft, you pick out a point that you want to go to -which could be anywhere on the rubber sheet – pinch that point with your fingers and pull it all the way up to the craft. That’s how it focuses and pulls that point to it. When you then shut off the gravity generator[s], the stone (or spacecraft) follows that stretched rubber back to its point. There’s no linear travel through space; it actually bends space and time and follows space as it retracts. In the first mode of travel – around the surface of a planet – they essentially balance on the gravitational field that the generators put out, and they ride a “wave”, like a cork does in the ocean. In that mode they’re very unstable and are affected by the weather. In the other mode of travel – where they can travel vast distances – they can’t really do that in a strong gravitational field like Earth, because to do that, first of all, they need to tilt on their side, usually out in space, then they can focus on the point they need to with the gravity generators and move on. If you can picture space as a fabric, and the speed of light is your limit, it’ll take you so long, even at the speed of light, to get from point A to point B. You can’t exceed it – not in this universe anyway. Should there be other parallel universes, maybe the laws are different, but anyone that’s here has to abide by those rules. The fact is that gravity distorts time and space. Imagining that you’re in a spacecraft that can exert a tremendous gravitational field by itself, you could sit in any particular place, turn on the gravity generator, and actually warp space and time and “fold” it. By shutting that off, you’d click back and you’d be at a tremendous distance from where you were, but time wouldn’t have even moved, because you essentially shut it off. It’ s so farfetched. It’s difficult for people to grasp, and as stubborn as the scientific community is, they’ll never buy it that this is in fact what happens.

According to Lazar, the propulsion system he worked on at S-4 gives rise to certain peculiar effects, including INVISIBILITY of the craft: “You can be looking straight up at it, and if the gravity generators are in the proper configuration you’d just see the sky above it – you won’t see the craft there. That’s how there can be a group of people and only some people can be right under it and see it. It just depends how the field is bent. It’s also the reason why the crafts appear as if they’re making 90- degree turns at some incredible speed; it’s just the time and space distortion that you’re seeing. You’re not seeing the actual event happening.” If the crafts look like they’re flying at seven thousand miles per hour and they make a right-angled turn, it’s not necessarily what they’re doing. They can ‘appear’ that way because of the gravitational distortion. I guess a good analogy is that you’re always looking at a mirage – [ it’s only when ] the craft is shut off and sitting on the ground, ‘that is’ what it ‘looks like’. Otherwise, you’re just looking at a tremendously distorted thing, and it will appear like it is changing shape, stopping or going, and it could be flying almost like an airplane, but it would never look that way to you. Knapp: How close do you think you have to get before time distortion takes place? Lazar: It’s tough to say, because it depends on the configuration of the craft. If the craft is hovering in the air, and the gravity amplifiers are focused down to the ground and it’s standing on its gravity wave, you would have to get into that focused area. If you’re directly underneath the craft at any time there’s a tremendous time distortion, and that’s in proportion to the proximity of the craft. Lazar: I don’t know if I mentioned it before, but the amplifiers always run at 100%. They are always outputting a maximum gravity wave, and that wave is phase-shifted from zero to 180 degrees. That’s essentially the attraction and repulsion, and it’s normally at a null setting somewhere in between. It’s a very straightforward system. It looks more like a coal-fired engine than very hi-tech.

Interview ( JUN – JUL 1990 ) Excerpts of Bob Lazar at KLAS TV ( Las Vegas, NV ), below:

Lazar: …And there are two specific different types of Gravity: Gravity A and Gravity B. Gravity A works on a smaller, micro scale while Gravity B works on a larger, macro scale. We are familiar with Gravity B. It is the big gravity wave that holds the Earth, as well as the rest of the planets, in orbit around the Sun and holds the moon, as well as man-made satellites, in orbit around the Earth. We are not familiar with Gravity A. It is the small gravity wave, which is the major contributory force that holds together the mass that makes up all protons and neutrons. Gravity A is what is currently being labeled as the Strong Nuclear Force in mainstream physics, and Gravity A is the wave that you need to access and amplify to enable you to cause space-time distortion for interstellar travel. To keep them straight, just remember that Gravity A works on an atomic scale, and Gravity B is the big gravity wave that works on a stellar or planetary level. However, don’t mistake the size of these waves for their strength, because Gravity A is a much stronger force than Gravity B. You can momentarily break the Gravity B field of the Earth simply by jumping in the air, so this is not an intense gravitational field. Locating Gravity A is no problem because it is found in the nucleus of every atom of all matter here on Earth, and all matter everywhere else in our universe. However accessing Gravity A with the naturally occurring elements found on Earth is a big problem. Actually, I’m not aware of any way of accessing the Gravity A wave using any Earth element, whether naturally occurring or synthesized, and here’s why. We’ve already learned that Gravity A is the major force that holds together the mass that makes up protons and neutrons. This means the Gravity A wave we are trying to access is virtually inaccessible as it is located within matter, or at least the matter we have here on Earth. The most important attribute of these heavier stable elements is that the Gravity A wave is so abundant that it actually extends past the perimeter of the atom. These heavier, stable elements literally have their own Gravity A field around them in addition to the Gravity B field that is native to all elements. No naturally occurring atoms on Earth have enough protons and neutrons for the cumulative Gravity A wave to extend past the perimeter of the atom so you can access it. Even though the distance the Gravity A wave extends is infinitesimal, it IS accessible and has amplitude, wavelength and frequency just like any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. Once you can access the Gravity A wave, you can amplify it just like we amplify any other electromagnetic wave. So, back to our power source. Inside the reactor, element 115 is bombarded with a proton that plugs into the nucleus of the 115 atom and becomes element 116 which immediately decays and releases or radiates small amounts of antimatter. The antimatter is released in a vacuum into a tuned tube that keeps it from reacting with the matter that surrounds it. It is then directed toward the gaseous matter target at the end of the tube. The matter and antimatter collide and annihilate, totally converting to energy. The heat from this reaction is converted into electrical energy in a near 100% efficient thermoelectric generator. This is a device that converts heat directly into electrical energy. Many of our satellites and space probes use thermoelectric generators, but their efficiency is very, very low. All of these actions and reactions inside of the reactor are orchestrated perfectly like a tiny little ballet, and in this manner the reactor provides an enormous amount of power. So, back to our original question: What is the power source that provides the power required for this type of travel? The power source is a reactor that uses element 115 as a fuel, and uses a total annihilation reaction to provide the heat which it converts to energy, making it a compact, lightweight, efficient, onboard power source. I’ve got a couple of quick comments, on Element 115, for those of you that are interested. By virtue of the way it’s used – in the reactor – it depletes very slowly, and only 223 grams ( just under ½ pound ) of Element 115 can be utilized for a period of 20 to 30-years. Element 115 melting point is 1740 C. I need to state here that even though I had hands-on experience with Element 115, I didn’t melt any of it down and I didn’t use any of it for twenty to thirty years to see if it depleted. Now when a disk travels near another source of gravity, such as a planet or moon, it doesn’t use the same mode of travel that we learned about in our science lesson. When a disk is near another source of gravity, like Earth, the Gravity A wave, which propagates outward from the disk, is phase-shifted into the Gravity B wave propagating outward ( from the Earth ), creates lift. The gravity amplifiers ( of the disk ), can be focused independently, and they are pulsed and do not remain ‘on’ continuously. When all three [ 3 ] of these amplifiers are being used for travel, they are in the delta wave configuration, and when only one [ 1 ] is being used, for travel, it is in the omicron wave configuration. As the intensity of the gravitational field around the disk increases, the distortion of space-time around the disk also increases. And if you could see the space-time distortion, this is how it would look [ Bob Lazar draws a side-view picture of saucer hovering above ground, with field surrounding it and running straight down to the ground. Picture a disk on the end of a pole, then throw a sheet over it. ] As you can see, as the output of the gravitational amplifiers becomes more intense, the form of space-time around the disk not only bends upward but – at maximum distortion – actually folds over into almost a ‘heart shape design around the top’ of the disk. Now remember, this space-time distortion is taking place 360 degrees around the disk, so if you were looking at the disk from the top, the space-time distortion would be in the shape of a doughnut. When the gravitational field around the disk is so intense, that the space-time distortion around the disk achieves maximum distortion, and is folded up into this heart shaped form, the disk cannot be seen from any angle vantage point – and for all practical purposes is invisible. All you could see would be the sky surrounding it.

Interview ( 28DEC89 ) of Bob Lazar at KVEG Radio Station ( below ):

KVEG Radio Incoming Caller: With the gravity generators running, is there thermal radiation?

Lazar: No, not at all. I was never down on the bottom ‘while’ the gravity generators were running, but the reactor itself – there’s no thermal radiation whatsoever. That was one of the really shocking things because that violates the first law of thermodynamics. Lazar: In fact, I’m in the process of fabricating the gravity amplifier, but then I’m at a tremendous shortage for power. So yeah, I have even tried to do that stuff on my own. Caller: Is there any electronics, as we know it, chips or transistors? Lazar: No, nothing like that. Because, of the tremendous power involved too, there was ‘no direct connection between the gravity amplifiers and the reactor’ itself. Caller: Are the waveguides similar to what we use with microwaves? Lazar: Very similar. Caller: In regard to the long-range method of travel, isn’t a ‘propulsion unit’ the wrong idea? I feel this device is creating a situation where it is diminishing or removing the localized gravitational field, and the long-distance body – that they’re heading toward – is actually ‘pulling’ the vehicle rather than it [ the vehicle ] being pushed. Am I correct in this? Lazar: The vehicle is not being pushed. But being ‘pulled’ implies it’s being pulled by something externally; it’s pulling something else to ‘it’. ‘It’ is ‘creating the gravitational field’. Caller: Is there any relation to the ‘monopoles’, which [ scientists ] have been looking for? Lazar: Well, they’ve been looking for the ‘monopole magnet’, but then this [ the UFO force ] is a gravitational force. Caller: What is the top speed of the craft? Lazar: It’s tough to say a top speed because to say ‘speed’ you have to ‘compare distance and time’. And when you’re screwing around with time, and distorting it, you can ‘no longer judge a velocity’. They’re ‘not traveling in a linear mode’ – where they just fly and cover a certain distance in a certain time. That’s the ‘real definition of speed’. They’re ‘bending and distorting space’ and then essentially snapping it back with the craft so, the ‘distances they can travel’ are phenomenal – in ‘little or no time’. So ‘speed has little bearing’. Caller: You’ve mentioned anti-gravity generator and anti-matter generator. Are they different? Lazar: It’s ‘not a gravity generator’ – it’s a ‘gravity amplifier’. I get tongue-twisted all too often. The ‘anti-matter reactor provides the power’ for the craft and the basic ‘low-amplitude gravitational wave’ – ‘too low of amplitude’ to do anything – is ‘piped into the gravity amplifiers’ – found at the bottom of the craft – amplify that to an ‘extremely powerful wave’, and ‘that is what the craft travels along’. But there is ‘an anti-matter reactor’ that ‘provides the power’. Caller: I understand there’s an antenna section in this device; what is the resonant frequency that that operates at? Lazar: The resonant frequency of the gravity wave I ‘do know’ but I don’t know it off hand – I just cannot recall it just now. Mark: Can you give me a ballpark, like 2,000 kilohertz? Lazar: I really don’t remember. It’s a really odd frequency. Mark: Is it measured in kilohertz or gigahertz or megahertz? Lazar: I really don’t remember. Burt: You were talking about the low- and high-speed modes and the control factors in there. Can you describe those modes and what the ship looks like each time it is going through those modes? Lazar: The low-speed mode — and I REALLY wish I could remember what they call these, but I can’t, as I can’t remember the frequency of the wave –The low-speed mode: The craft is very vulnerable; it bobs around. And it’s sitting on a weak gravitational field, sitting on three gravity waves. And it just bounces around. And it can focus the waves behind it and keep falling forward and hobble around at low speed. The second mode: They increase the amplitude of the field, and the craft begins to lift, and it performs a ROLL maneuver: it begins to turn, roll, begins to turn over. As it begins to leave the earth’s gravitational field, they point the bottom of the craft at the DESTINATION. This is the second mode of travel, where they converge the three gravity amplifiers — FOCUS them — on a point that they want to go to. Then they bring them up to full power, and this is where the tremendous time-space distortion takes place, and that whips them right to that point. Burt: Did you actually bench-test a unit away from the craft itself? Lazar: The reactor, yeah. Burt: About how large is this, and could you describe it? Lazar: The device itself is probably a plate about 18-inches square; I said diameter before but it is square. There’s a half-sphere on top where the gravity wave is tapped off of, but that’s about the size of it. Caller Jim ( Las Vegas, NV ): On TV [ television ], you spoke of observing a demonstration of this anti-matter gravity wave controller device. And you made a mock-up copy? Lazar: A friend made one, yeah. Jim: I heard you speak of bouncing golf balls off of this anti-gravity field? Lazar: Yeah. Jim: And also about the candle, the wax, and the flame stood still? Lazar: Right. Jim: And then the hole that you saw appear – Lazar: It wasn’t a hole; it was a little disk. Jim: Under what conditions did you see this demonstrated? Elaborate on this. And how large was the force field? Lazar: The force field where the candle was? Jim: The force field created by the anti-matter device. Lazar: It was about a 20-inch radius from the surface of the sphere. Jim: Where was this area, just above the device? Lazar: Yeah, surrounding the sphere. Jim: Did the sphere surround the device? Lazar: No, the sphere sits in the center of the device. It’s a half-sphere sitting on a plate, and a field surrounds the half-sphere. Jim: And you just place a candle in there? Lazar: No, no, no. That was a separate demonstration. I’m just telling you from where the field extends. Jim: Oh, that’s what I’m curious about. Lazar: No, they tap the field off using a wave-guide, off of the sphere. And this is a completely different setup, where they had a mockup small gravity amplifier, and there were three focused into a point, and that area of focus was probably nine or ten inches in diameter. Jim: They displaced this area or moved this area? Lazar: No, it wasn’t displaced; it’s just where the field was generated. Jim: And in there you put the candle? Lazar: Right. Jim: And that thing can actually bounce golf balls off of it? Lazar: No, no. The golf ball thing, again, had nothing to do with that setup. The golf ball thing had something to do with just when the reactor was energized, before the wave-guide was put on or anything. We were just pushing on the field; it was being demonstrated to me; and we just bounced a golf ball off the top.

Interview Excerpts of Bob Lazar at Seminar; Rachel, Nevada ( 01MAY1993 ), below:

Question: I’m interested in a little bit more about the physics of the power generation from the development of the anti-matter to the Gravity “A” wave and the amplification and the process of generation of that and being able to fold space. Lazar: Well, it’s… I can give you, I guess, a brief overview of essentially how that works. If you want an in-depth description, you can give me your address and I can send you a paper on it. Essentially, what the reactor does is provide electrical power and the base gravity wave to amplify, and it does that by interacting matter and antimatter, essentially. The way it does that is injecting an accelerated proton into a piece of 115. That spontaneously generates anti-hydrogen, essentially. That’s reacted in a small area. It’s a compressed gas, probably compressed atmospheric gas, and the antimatter reacting with matter produces the energy, mainly heat energy, and that is converted into electrical energy by a thermionic [ thermal ion / thermion ] generator that appeared to be 100% efficient, which is a difficult concept to believe anyway. Also, the reactor has two functions. That’s one of them; the other function is, it provides the basic gravity wave that’s amplified, and that appears at the upper sphere of the amplifier itself, and that’s tapped off with a wave-guide, similar to microwaves, and is amplified and focused, essentially. Question: So how is the electrical energy related to the amplification of the gravitational “A” wave energy? Lazar: The electrical energy is transmitted essentially without wires, and I related it to almost a Tesla setup. It seemed like each sub component on the craft was attuned to the frequency that the reactor was operating at, so essentially the amplifiers themselves received the electrical energy, like a Tesla coil transmits power to a fluorescent tube, and what was the rest of the question? Question: Yeah, in other words, what is the relationship between… I think you basically answered it. Lazar: Yeah, that’s how the amplifiers receive the power and through the wave-guide to receive the basic wave. It’s almost…It’s very, very similar to a microwave amplifier… Question: Was the local means of propulsion the same as these across-space distances? What was the local means of propulsion? Lazar: The local means of propulsion is essentially them balancing on a out of phase gravity wave, and it’s not as stable as you would think. When the craft took off, it wobbled to some degree. I mean a modern day Hawker Harrier or something along those lines of vertical takeoff craft is much more stable than then in the omicron [omicrom?] configuration, which is that mode of travel. The delta configuration is where they use the three amplifiers. Those are the only two methods I know about for moving the craft. Question: When you listen to some abduction reports, whether or not people believe it or not, there seems to be a common thread of people being hit by blue beams of light…. Lazar: Any of the three gravity amplifiers could do that, could lift something off the ground, or for that matter compact it into the ground. That’s not a problem, because the craft can operate on one amplifier, in omicron mode, hovering. That would leave the other three (?) amplifiers free to do anything. So I imagine they could pick up cows or whatever else they want to do. On the craft I worked on there was absolutely no provision for anything to come in through the bottom of the craft, or anything along those lines… Question: So what was the course of energy? How did it go from one area to another area? Lazar: The best guess is essentially it operated like a Tesla coil does. A transmitter and essentially a receiver tuned to the transmitting frequency, receives electrical power. There again, that’s not real advanced technology. Tesla did that in the 30s, I think. Question: You mentioned the photon earlier. Do you think that physics is taking a wrong turn by looking for exchange particles, when you’re talking about the strong force of gravity again? I’m not clear why you’re skeptical about the graviton? Lazar: About the graviton? Question: Every other force seems to have exchange particles connected with it. Lazar: No, not necessarily. I mean, they make it have one, but as time goes on, that really hasn’t held true. The bottom line is, they don’t…First of all, they don’t even believe there’s a graviton anymore, so I’m not the only one. As far as exchange particles, still, though some of them like the zeta particle, maybe that’s an actual thing, but when they’re looking at transfers of energy, I think these are scapegoats for the most part. A lot of experiments that I was doing at Los Alamos essentially were along these same lines, but other exchange particles like the intermediate vector bozon, I don’t believe that thing exists. I really don’t. I think they’re grabbing at straws and just coming up with excuses. Question: What about the small gravity, the Gravity “A”; how can you detect that one? What is the frequency of that? Lazar: Well, the frequency that the actual reactor operates at is like 7.46 Hertz. It’s a very low frequency. Question: That’s the frequency of Earth’s gravity, or universally, all gravity? Lazar: That’s the frequency the reactor operates at. Question: I can understand a reactor functioning – theoretically I can understand a reactor functioning at, say, (unintelligible word) 7.46 Hertz. There’s a wave-guide involved. I don’t buy 7.46… Lazar: No, that’s the basic… The frequency of the gravity wave that’s produced, it has to be higher frequency, because you’re in a microwave range to follow a conduit like that. Question: I understand from Lear’s lecture that it had a tendency to conduct on the outside also of the reactor. Lazar: Right. Well, that’s all… this was the electric field we were talking about. The basic frequency, I think, was the way the reactor was operating. The pulses that we detected out of it were probably, instead of a straight DC power supply, it was more along the lines of a pulse, as if we were getting a burst of particles coming out: An antimatter emission, then a reaction, a pulse of energy, and that would repeat. That’s about seven and a half Hertz, something along those lines. Question: Bob, the microwave frequency going to the wave-guide is electromagnetic, or that’s gravitational? Lazar: They’re one in the same. Question: I don’t understand what you mean by that. Lazar: Gravity is… Unfortunately, physics hasn’t gotten to that part yet, but gravity essentially is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Question: Then what frequency is it? Lazar: That’s something I’m reserving for myself. Question: Something about the microwave range? Lazar: Something about the microwave range. Well, you can sort of figure it out by the dimensions of the waveguide itself, and that’s about it. Question: Positive energy versus regular photon? Lazar: No, it’s not photon. Question: Electromagnetic Energy? Lazar: Right. I’m not trying to be secret, but this is part of the equipment that I’m working on, and I want to get it operating before… Question: I hope we’ll find out one day. Lazar: Absolutely.

Speech of Edgar Fouché at International UFO Congress ( Summer 1998 ), below:

[ photo ( above ) LOCKHEED SR-71 Blackbird surveillance aircraft ( click to enlarge ) ]

I’m here to speak about government technology, special programs, and the TR-3B Flying Triangle. Thousands of sightings, of the Flying Triangle, have been reported, photographed, and investigated around the world – The USAF denies having such a vehicle. It also denies having replaced the Strategic reconnaissance spy plane – the SR-71 Blackbird. Keep this in mind as I proceed:

Astronauts Edgar Mitchell and Gordon Cooper say that new investigations are warranted in UFOs.

Edgar Mitchell, who became the sixth [ 6th ] man on the moon during the Apollo 14 mission said, “The evidence points to the fact that Roswell [ New Mexico crash of UFO ] was a real incident and that indeed an alien craft did crash and that material was recovered from that crash site.” Mitchell doesn’t say he’s seen a UFO, but he says he’s met with high-ranking military officers who admitted involvement with alien technology and hardware.

Gordon Cooper told a United Nation ( UN ) committee recently; “Every day in the USA, our radar instruments capture objects of ‘form’ and ‘composition’ unknown to us.” Cooper speculates public skepticism, toward UFOs, will shift dramatically.

Now, a little about my background:

I’ve held positions within the United States Air Force ( USAF ) that required me to have Top Secret and ‘Q’ clearances, and Top Secret Crypto access clearances.

I’ll show you pictures of some of aircraft programs I’ve worked. I’ll also show you some pictures of classified aircraft. And I’ll share with you some of the information and stories I’ve gathered through my research in developing [ my book ] Alien Rapture. In many cases I’ve been able to obtain actual details of this [ my book, “Alien Rapture – The Chosen” ] black technology.

I was born to fifth [ 5th ] generation French-Americans, and many of my relatives – for generations – have historically been involved with the government in fields of intelligence, black programs, cryptography, and classified development projects.

This is true, as far back as the French revolution, where Joseph Fouché was Prime Minister under Napoleon. He was the head of the French secret National Police Force and was a direct ancestor of mine. Joseph Fouché started and controlled the world’s first professionally organized intelligence agency with agents throughout Europe.

The CIA, the Russia KGB ( now FSB ), the UK MI-5 ( MI-6 ), Israel’s Mossad, and many other intelligence agencies have used and expanded on his methods of intelligence gathering, networking information, and political survival.

I have also worked intelligence and cryptography related programs, but because of oaths of secrecy, I will ‘not be able to share any details of this work’.

My career background spans 30-years, and since the government isn’t about to support my claims, you will see from the positions I’ve held and the Programs I worked that I was in a position to gather the information I am presenting.

Before, I gave a presentation to the International UFO Congress in Laughlin, Nevada during August [ 1998 ], I brought over 200 documents as an offer of proof to substantiate my credibility. These documents contained information on the positions and assignments I held in the U.S. Air Force and as a DOD [ U.S. Department of Defense ] contractor. They also detailed clearances I held, classified and non-classified ( DOD and military ) technical training I received ( over 4,000 hours ), and performance reviews from 1968 to 1995.

As a civilian, from 1987 to 1995, I performed as engineering program manager, site manager, and Director of Engineering for several DOD contractors.

Ken Seddington, of the International UFO Congress, Jim Courrant, a UFO investigator, and Tim Shawcross and John Purdie, of Union Pictures in London, England viewed these documents. Some of these documents are shown in “Riddle of the Skies” special, which will be on The Learning Channel next month.

With my training and experiences with intelligence equipment, special electronics, black programs, and crypto-logical areas, I received other government opportunities. I filled positions as major command liaison, headquarters manager, and DOD factory representative for TAC, SAC, ATC, and PACAF following the Viet Nam War.

Later in my career, as a manager of defense contractors, I dealt with classified ‘black programs’ developing state-of-the-art electronics, avionics, and automatic test equipment [ ATE ].

I was considered an Air Force expert with classified electronics counter-measures test equipment [ ATE ], certain crypto-logical equipment – owned by the National Security Agency – and Automatic Test Equipment [ ATE ].

I’ve worked with many of the leading military aircraft and electronics manufacturers in the U.S. At different times I participated as a key member in design, development, production, and flight operational test and evaluation in classified aircraft development programs, state-of-the-art avionics, including electronic countermeasures, satellite communications, crypto-logic support equipment.

During my military career, I was ‘hand picked’ ( Development Cadre ) for many of the Air Force newest fighter and bomber development programs. I also represented many of these programs for TAC, SAC, PACAF, and ATC.

Other research and development programs I worked as far back as the 1970s are still classified Top Secret.

My involvement with black programs, developing stealth aircraft, is classified.

I am perhaps the only person who has actually worked at the Top Secret Groom Lake Air Base, within Area 51 of the Nellis Range, and has proved that I had the position, training, and clearances to be there.

[ photo circa: 1974 ( above ) DOD DARPA Have Blue Project F-117 stealth fighter ( click to enlarge ) ]

This [ NOTE: ‘not photo above’ ] is a F-117 Stealth fighter being readied at Groom Air Base at night. Notice the fog engines in work for cover.

My last position for the Air Force was as a Strategic Air Command Headquarters’ Liaison. As a Defense Contractor-Manager, I performed as an engineering program manager and site manager for DOD contractors involved in classified development, logistics support, electronic engineering, and technical data development from 1987 – 1995.

I have completely disassociated myself from the defense industry. I consider myself a writer and inventor now.

I undertook this trip to do research for my book Alien Rapture, which included a meeting with five [ 5 ] close friends who had agreed to release confidential information to me and discuss their closely guarded personal experiences.

I also interviewed other contacts that had worked classified programs or flown classified military aircraft to gather information about UFO sightings and contact.

Later, I was blessed to team-up with a great man and a great writer, Brad Steiger. I had decided to get out of the defense industry, as I felt that fraud, waste, and abuse was rampant – both on the government and contractor sides.

Who were the five [ 5 ] friends and co-conspirators and a host of other insiders?

It started when some old friends of mine met in the spring of 1990 in Las Vegas [ Nevada ]. There were five [ 5 ] of us then; all of us had remained close following the Vietnam War. I’ve always been the networker for my DOD, military, and contractor friends so, I’m the one who set up the meeting with the five [ 5 ]:

1. The first friend, Jerald *, was a former NSA or TREAT Team member. T.R.E.A.T. stands for Tactical Reconnaissance Engineering Assessment Team. Jerald * worked for the DOE [ U.S. Department of Energy ] as a national security investigator. That was his cover, but he really worked for the NSA [ U.S. National Security Agency ]. His job required him to manage a team – to ‘watch employees’ with Top Secret and Q clearances in the mid-west, in Los Alamos, Sandia, and White Sands ( New Mexico ), and in the Nevada Test Site and Nellis Range, which includes Area 51. Area 51 is where the most classified aerospace testing in the world takes place. You may know the base as Groom Lake Air Base, Watertown, The Ranch, or Dreamland. He [ Jerald ] was found dead of a heart attack 1-year after our last meeting.

2. The second friend, Sal *, was a person who had worked directly for the NSA [ U.S. National Security Agency ] with Electronic Intelligence ( ELINT ) and became a defense contractor after his retirement.

3. The third friend, Doc *, was a former SR-71 spy plane pilot and USAF test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base [ California ].

4. The fourth friend, Dale *, and I were in the service together during the Viet Nam conflict [ war ], and I’ve known him [ Dale ] since the early 1970s. His father worked for over 20-years for the NSA [ U.S. National Security Agency ] and he [ Dale ] is the one who sent me the MJ-12 [ Majestic ] documents his father had obtained. These documents, the New MJ-12 Charter signed by proxy during the Reagan [ Ronald Reagan ] Administration and Attachment D to the Eisenhower [ U.S. Army General Dwight D. Eisenhower ] MJ-12 briefing document, which is the Autopsy Report from Roswell [ New Mexico ], are included as attachments in my book Alien Rapture.

5. The fifth friend, Bud *, was a DOD contractor and electronics engineer. He [ Bud ] had worked on Top Secret development programs dealing with Electronic CounterMeasures [ ECM ], radar homing and warning, ECM ( Electronic CounterMeasure ) jammers, and Infra-Red [ IR ] receivers. He [ Bud ] retired as a program manager and later died of a brain tumor within 30-days after his symptoms appeared.

*All names and identifying factors have been changed.

It bothered each of us that we had experiences with unusual phenomena, extremely advanced technology, and witnessed unidentified aerial contact that had not been previously reported. We sat at a table in a dark corner of the Silver Dollar Saloon and Casino in Las Vegas [ Nevada ], discussing our experiences and swapping knowledge.

In 1990, I had no intention of writing about programs I was involved-with due to the Secrecy Act and classification documents I had signed.

Jerald asked me if I had ever heard of the ‘Flying Triangle’.

Of course I had heard rumors of Delta shaped and bat winged shaped prototypes being tested at Groom Air Base.

He [ Jerald ] said that an early test model – of the Flying Triangle – was sighted by hundreds of people over Hudson Valley, in the mid 1980s there was a major flap in Belgium – the year [ 1989 ] before our meeting [ 1990 ] – and that thousands of people had witnessed the Triangle and F-16 chase that followed. He definitely piqued my curiosity.

Over the next 4-years, each member of the group wrote down as much information as he could remember about unusual phenomena and personal sightings.

From my close friends, came their contacts. I agreed to interview these contacts in person. I interviewed four [ 4 ] other [ LOCKHEED ] SR-71 pilots, two [ 2 ] [ LOCKHEED ] U-2 [ Dragon Lady ] pilots, a [ 1 ] TR-1 pilot, and about two dozen [ 24 ] bomber and fighter jocks [ jockeys ]. None, of the people I interviewed, wanted to be known or quoted – and wanted me to swear never to reveal their names. I have and will continue to honor their wishes.

Many were afraid of what the government would do to them for taking about Top Secret ‘Black Programs’ they were involved with, and others were just worried about losing their retirement pensions.

I’ll Share some of these secrets and unusual phenomena with you:

[ photo ( above ) LOCKHEED A-12 ( single and dual cockpit versions ) ]

The SR-71 was designed as a spy plane for the CIA in the 1960s and designated the A-12.

[ extremely rare photo circa: 1954 ( above ) LOCKHEED YF-12 Prototype ( click to enlarge ) ]   [ rare photo circa: 1958 ( above ) LOCKHEED A-12 ( click to enlarge ) – NOTE: USAF brand new 1958 Edsel station wagon ( blue with white top ) and Dodge Power Wagon ( blue with white top ) pick-up truck ( mid image far right ) ]

[ photo ( above ) LOCKHEED A-11 ( click to enlarge ) ]

The Mach 3 plus aircraft first flew in 1962 [ ? ], taking off from Groom AFB [ ? ] in Area 51.

[ rare photo circa: 1960 ( above ) LOCKHEED SR-71 ( click to enlarge ) ]

Later, once the Air Force operated it as a reconnaissance plane, it was designated the SR-71 BlackBird.

My friend Chuck, an SR-71 pilot, related to me an in-flight incident he experienced in the 1970s. He was returning from a reconnaissance flight, and while at an altitude of 74,000 feet at the speed of almost Mach 3, ( 3 times the speed of sound ) he noticed something flickering in his peripheral vision. Hovering over his left wing tip was a ball of dense plasma like light. It was so bright, that when he stared at it for more than a few seconds, his eyes hurt.

Chuck tried to use his UHF-HF and VHF communications sets to no avail. There was nothing but static. Repeatedly glancing briefly at the ball of light, he watched in amazement as it moved effortlessly about his aircraft.

At one point the light positioned itself a few feet in front of the large spiked cone at the air Intake Inlet. The enormous amount of air rushing into the engines should have sucked in and shredded almost anything in its path, but the light orb was mysteriously unaffected.

The light, he noted, acted in a curious manner, if something inanimate could act at all. It moved from time to time to other parts of the vehicle, staying with him until his approach to Beale AFB in California. He was in sight of the Air Base when the light swung away from his aircraft in a wide arch with ever increasing speed.

Of course, after reading his incident report, his operations commander told him not to ever speak about his experience. When Chuck related the story to me, he told me he was absolutely convinced that the ball of light was controlled by some form of intelligence. I have about two dozen [ 24 ] stories from pilots of similar in flight incidents with UFOs and plasma balls. There have been thousands of reported sightings of plasma balls, energy filled orbs, or foo fighters as they were named during World War II.

In 1944, while fighting the Japanese and Germans, pilots started reporting strange flares and bright orange and red lights. These lights moved rapidly, were under intelligent control, and could come to a complete stop, remain stationary, and then disappear in an instant.

Foo means ‘fire’ in French. The pilots coined the term ‘foo fighters’ for the haunting glowing balls that doggedly paced their jets. Most were unnerved by radical maneuvers the foo fighters that could climb vertically, accelerate, and make high G turns at speeds far beyond any known allied aircraft.

Not far from the Royal Air Force base, MacRahanish, a triangular shaped aircraft was spotted off Western Scotland. MacRahanish has been rumored to be a base for black aircraft operations for a number of years. It’s also a NATO standby base.

RAF personnel have admitted that they have witnessed the operation of large triangular aircraft from RAF Boscombe in February 1997.

It was widely reported that a secret U.S. spy plane crash landed at Boscombe Down in 1994. It had been rumored for some time that the Triangle spotted over Belgium was based at Boscombe Down and Royal Naval Air Station ( RNAS ) Yeovilton where other sightings of the Triangle were reported.

British RAF [ Royal Air Force ] have a long history of close involvement with U.S. aerospace black programs. Key RAF officers and British scientists have been involved at Groom Air Base [ Nevada ] since 1957 and the [ LOCKHEED ] U-2 [ DragonLady ] program.

In 1995 and 1996 the National UFO Reporting Center alone received forty-three [ 43 ] reports:

11 in the State of Washington; 8 in the State of California; and, 18 from other states – from the State of Hawaii to the State of New York

Sightings, of a Triangular aircraft.

A few years ago The British Magazine, UFO Reality, published this information:

“A top BBC [ British Broadcast Corporation ] executive let slip recently that there is a D-Notice on media reporting of the so-called ‘Black Triangle. The executive is the former producer of a very popular BBC science program. He told one of our team that the black Triangle ‘craft’ – first witnessed by the hundreds in the Hudson Valley region of the U.S. in the mid-1980s, then by the thousands in Belgium in 1989 – 1990, and more in Britain – has been ‘heavily D-Noticed’ by the government. For this reason the BBC will NOT be reporting on the enigmatic craft, no matter how many witness reports there are. According to this producer, the government’s restrictive notice on reporting the Triangle, was authorized under secrecy laws, in order to protect secret new military projects.”

From 1973 through 1976, I was home based out of Edwards AFB. It is near Lancaster, California and even nearer to the San Andrus [ mountain range zone ] fault [ plate tectonic earthquake demarcation line ].

Edwards [ AFB ] has a long history with secret technology and experimental aircraft. The YB-49 was flown in 1948 at Edwards AFB which looks a lot like the B-2 Stealth Bomber.

[ photo ( above ) LOCKHEED XB-70 Valkyrie with 4 PRATT & WHITNEY engines ( click to enlarge ) ]

The XB-70 flown in 1964 looks a lot like the still Top Secret SR-75 that, the Air Force says doesn’t exist.

Edwards A.F.B. is the home of the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School and is responsible for Flight Operational Test and Evaluation [ FOTE ] of the Air Force’s newest aircraft.

Edwards [ AFB ] hosts a number of tenant organizations, from NASA to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory [ Pasadena, California ] facility.

Edwards [ AFB ] developed various versions of the flying wing [ shaped aircraft ] from the B-35, YB-49, B-2 [ Spirit ], and exotic aircraft sometimes ahead of their time – like the XB-70, F-117, and YF-22.

I worked with the F-111 swing-wing bomber, the F-15 air superiority fighter, the F-16 fighter, the A-10 [ Warthog ] close air support attack aircraft, and B-1 stealth bomber. I was involved with these and other classified development programs, when they were just a gleam in some pilot trainee’s eyes.

One night – in the mid 1970s – a long time friend of mine and I were standing on top of the Fairchild A-10 [ Wart Hog ] hanger at Edwards AFB in southern California. It was about 02:00 a.m. and a clear night with millions of stars visible to the naked eye. I noticed a group of stars that seemed to be shifting in color. I pointed out to my friend that the three [ 3 ] bright stars in triangular formation were not part of the big dipper.

We watched as the strobing stars shifted from bright blue to a red yellow color. After a period of about 20-minutes we could tell the objects probably weren’t stars because they were getting larger. This was somewhat unnerving.

* It was further unnerving when ‘the space in-between the enlarging lights began blocking out the stars in the background’. [ See, e.g. beginning of this report, i.e. Victor Valley northeast area of California alongside Interstate 15 ( further above ) ]

We decided it probably was a Top Secret Air Force vehicle of some type, still we weren’t sure. The vehicle had gone from, half the size of the big dipper, to twice its size in under a half hour [ 30-minutes ]  and had moved from the west to the east towards the base.

About the time we could make out a silhouette or outline of the triangular vehicle, the lights – or possibly exhausts – flared brighter and vanished from the sky in an instant.

This experience wasn’t my first sighting, but it was one of the few where I had a witness. In the summer of 1976, I relocated to Nellis Air Force Base – north of Las Vegas. I spent the next 3-1/2 years there. I worked primarily with the F-15, electronics countermeasures, and Automatic Test Equipment [ ATE ]. I had heard rumors of airbases located in the desert, at places called:

Mercury; Indian Springs; and, Others, that didn’t even have names.

Before the collapse of the [ Russia ] USSR ( CCCP ), no one talked about their classified work experience, nor did anyone repeat rumors of Top Secret technology and aircraft.

Most of us who had Top Secret clearances never even told our wives what we were doing, and where we were going – when on these type projects. I once spent 6-months, in Viet Nam, while my ex-wife thought I was attending a classified technical school in Colorado.

The military, in a court of law, actually denied the existence of a classified Air Force Base inside the Nellis Range out in the Nevada Desert. Don’t you know, the Plaintiffs – who had worked at Groom – and their lawyer was surprised to hear this, but that’s another story.

I was one of the few personnel at Nellis who had a Top Secret clearance with Crypto access. I was certified to work on Mode 4 IFF, ( an aircraft system which responded to classified, encrypted codes ). I was also certified to work on other Crypto equipment that I cannot discuss.

Due to a combination of coincidences, and my technical experience, I was requested to temporary assignment at a place that had no name. My commander told me I was to report to an office on the base, and he didn’t have a clue where I was going or what I was going to be working on. And let me tell you, he wasn’t too happy about being left in the dark.

I left one Monday morning long before sunrise. It was 4:30 AM when I boarded a dark blue Air Force bus with all of the windows blacked out. There were 28 other people on the bus, not including the 2 security policemen holding M-16 automatic weapons and the bus driver. We were each told when boarding, “Do not speak on this bus unless you are spoken too.” Not one of us uttered a word. Believe me. There is nothing that can inspire compliance like an M-16 sticking in your face, I assure you!

The bus drove through the desert, this much I know from the poor air-conditioning and the amount of fine dust that came through every crack in the old vehicle for several hours, and it was soon obvious where I was.

In the 1950s, the U.S. government started building the super secret Groom Lake facilities – for the CIA U-2 ( DragonLady ), a high-altitude global surveillance aircraft. Acquired in 1951 – with $300,000,000 million in seed money from the CIA – the site was called S-4, the name Area 51 and Site 4 insiders call the Papoose Lake, Nevada facilities south of Groom Lake, Nevada. Area 51, is located in the north central part of the Nellis Air Force Base ( AFB ) Range designated Area 51. Construction of facilities within the Nellis Range continues even to today.

The SR-71 Blackbird surveillance aircraft, TR-1, F-117 stealth fighter, B-2 bomber, TR-3A Manta, and TR-3B Astra or flying triangle were tested at Groom Lake, Nevada. Under certain circumstances had persons sighted these crafts they would have been looked upon perhaps, as unidentified flying object ( UFO ) extraterrestrial spacecraft.

SR-75, replaced the SR-71 Blackbird.

SR-74 SCRAMP is a drone that appears to ride under the SR-75.

TR-3B Flying Triangle are operated there – as well as other Top Secret prototype and operational aerospace vehicles.

Many of these aircraft have been misidentified as UFOs

When we reached Groom Lake, the bus pulled into a hanger and they shut the doors. The security personnel checked me in – while other security personnel dispatched the others to their places of work. I was given a pair of heavy glasses to wear, which can only be described as looking like welder’s goggles. The lenses were thick, and the sides of the goggles were covered to obliterate my peripheral vision. Once I had these goggles on I could only see about 30-feet in front of me. Anything beyond that distance became increasingly blurred. If an M1 Tank barrel had been pointed at me, from about 50-feet away, I would not have seen it. It was very disconcerting to have to wear those glasses.

The whole time I was there, some 10-days consecutive, followed by several follow-up visits, the routine was the same. Leave, Nellis before sunrise, and return home – from Nellis – after dark every day.

Only once did I get a chance to see the whole base, and that was when I was flown up – from Nellis – in a helicopter to Groom Lake for emergency repairs of their crypto test equipment. For those stationed at Groom Lake, or commuting there daily – with flight schedules posted for classified flights – everyone ‘not cleared for that particular program and flight’ must be off the ramp – inside 30-minutes – prior to the scheduled operation.

A couple of thousand personnel are flown into Area 51 daily, from McCarran Airport in Las Vegas, Nevada and – from Edwards AFB in California – on contractor aircraft. Several hundred commute from Tonopah and Central Nevada via the north entrance near Rachel, Nevada. Other commuters use its [ Area 51 ] south entrance via Mercury, Nevada or Indian Springs, Nevada west of Las Vegas, Nevada.

While at Groom Lake I made contacts and met people from other programs. Over time, a few became friends and we exchanged stories.

On my 3rd day on the job at Groom Lake, I had to remove a module from a multi-bay piece of satellite communications equipment used to support certain special mission aircraft. I noticed while inside the bay checking out the wiring that it contained a sealed unit about the size of a large briefcase. It had a National Security Agency ID plate on it. The nomenclature on the nameplate was, Direct Orbital Communication Interface Link Emitter [ DOCILE ]. I thought this was strange, as the unit was part of a digital communications link used solely to communicate with classified Air Force vehicles. I was unaware – at the time – of any military orbital missions not related to NASA. Remember, this was in the late 1970s – the shuttle didn’t fly until 1981.I disconnected the unit, and – out of curiosity – I removed the rear access cover. To my amazement, there were some half-dozen [ 6 ] large hybrid integrated circuit [ IC processor ] chips inside. The largest chip had over 500 hair-thin leads attached and was approximately the size of a Zippo lighter. The ‘paper inspection stamp’ on the chip was dated 1975.

In 1975, the most advanced processor speeds – on the most classified projects – were equivalent to an IBM 8088 which ran at 4,000,000 million cycles per second, but this unit had a processor speed of 1,000,000,000 billion cycles per second.

It wasn’t until more than a dozen [ 12 ] years had passed before I saw comparable technology with integrated circuit chips, but ‘then’ [ 1975 ] it was at a Top Secret avionics development project at the ITT company.

In the mess hall at Groom Lake, I heard words like:

Lorentz Forces; Pulse Detonation; Cyclotron Radiation; Quantum Flux Transduction Field Generators; Quasi-Crystal Energy Lens; and, EPR Quantum Receivers.

I was told ‘quasi-crystals’ were the key to a whole new field of propulsion and communication technologies.

To this day, I’d be hard pressed to explain to you the unique electrical, optical and physical properties of Quasi-Crystals and why so much of the research is classified.

Even the unclassified research [ on quasi crystals ] is funded by agencies like the Department of Energy [ DOE ] and the Department of Defense [ DOD ].

Why is the U.S. Department of Energy and Ames Laboratory so vigorously pursuing research with Quasi-Crystals?

What is the DOE new Initiative in Surface and Interface Properties of Quasi-crystals?

“Our goal is to understand, and facilitate exploitation of, the special properties of Quasi-crystals. These properties include ( but are not limited to ) low thermal and electrical conductivity, high-hardness, low friction, and good oxidation resistance.” That’s the ‘unclassified’ part.

What are Quasi-Crystals?

In 1984, a paper was published, which marked the discovery of quasi crystals, two ( 2 ) distinctly different metallic crystals joined symmetrically together.

[ NOTE: See, e.g. Project CARET ( 1984 ), at: http://upintelligence.wordpress.com/2010/10/23/secret-extraterrestrial-information-technologies/ ]

By 1986, several Top Secret advanced studies were going on – funded by DARPA – with leading scientists already working in the field.

In classic crystallography, a crystal is defined as a three dimensional ( 3-D ) periodic arrangement of atoms with translational periodicity along three ( 3 ) principal axis’s.

Since Quasi-crystals ‘lose periodicity’ in at least one [ 1 ] dimension, it is not possible to describe them in 3D-space as easily as normal crystal structures. Thus, it becomes more difficult to find mathematical formulae for interpretation and analysis of diffraction data.

After the official release for the discovery of Quasi-crystals in 1984, a close resemblance was noted between icosahedra quasi-crystals and 3-D Penrose patterning.

Before quasi-crystals were discovered, in 1984, British mathematician Roger Penrose devised a way to cover a plane in a non-periodic fashion using two ( 2 ) different types of tiles arranged in a way they obey certain rule match-ups of rhombohedrens [ rhombohedrans ] – instead of the rhombi [ rhombae ] – that later became known as 3D-Penrose Tiling.

12-years later, ‘Penrose Tiling’ became the prototype of very powerful models explaining structures within Quasi-crystals discovered in rapidly quenched metallic alloys.

14-years of quasi-crystal research, established the existence of a wealth of stable and meta-stable quasi-crystals with 5, 8, 10, and 12 fold symmetry with strange ‘structures’ and interesting ‘properties’. New ‘tools had to be developed for – study and description – of these extraordinary materials.

[ NOTE: See, e.g. Project CARET ( 1984 ), at: http://upintelligence.wordpress.com/2010/10/23/secret-extraterrestrial-information-technologies/ ]

I’ve discovered classified research showing quasi-crystals as promising candidates for high-energy storage materials, metal matrix components, thermal barriers, exotic coatings, infrared sensors, high-energy laser applications and electromagnetics. Some high strength alloy surgical tools are already on the market.

One of the stories I was told more than once was that one of the crystal pairs used in the propulsion of the Roswell crash was a Hydrogen Crystal. Until recently, creating a hydrogen crystal was beyond the reach of our scientific capabilities. That has now changed. In one Top Secret Black Program, under the DOE, a method to produce hydrogen crystals was discovered, and then manufacturing began in 1994.

The lattice of hydrogen quasi-crystals, and another material not named, formed the basis for the plasma shield propulsion of the Roswell [ New Mexico, USA UFO crash ] craft and was an integral part of the bio-chemically engineered vehicle.

A myriad of advanced crystallography – undreamed-of by scientists – were discovered by the scientists and engineers who evaluated, analyzed, and attempted to reverse-engineer the technology presented with the Roswell vehicle and eight [ 8 ] more vehicles which have crashed since then.

I wrote down everything I saw, heard and touched in my log – every night before going to bed. By the way, the food at the Groom Lake mess hall was excellent, but what would you expect – there was no cable TV, no alcohol and no women. I guess they figured they’d better do something right.

Later, while back at the base, my routine went on as normal – as did my part-time job that summer at the Silver Dollar Salon [ Las Vegas, Nevada ].

My NSA friend, Jerald, managed a team that investigated and ‘watched’ those with highly classified jobs at the Nevada Test Site and the Nellis Range – among other highly classified facilities – happened to show up.

I met Jerald in 1976 when I was part of a team that moved the F-15 operation from Edwards AFB to Nellis AFB and set up the Joint NAV – AIR AIM – VAL / ACE – VAL program.

He was checking up on a guy who had a drinking problem who worked at the Nevada Test Site ( S-4 ) where they set off underground atomic explosions.

He [ Jerald ] happened to mention a vehicle that could be boosted into orbit and return and land in the Nevada desert. This was during the late 1970s. It was an Unmanned Reconnaissance Vehicle ( URV ) – launched from a B-52 bomber – and used booster rockets to place it in temporary low earth orbit ( LEO ) for taking high-altitude reconnaissance photographs. I thought he was feeding me a line of bull. Then he said, “This vehicle is remote-piloted ( unmanned ) with communications via the DOCILE system at Groom.”

I’m not usually too slow, but it didn’t hit me until he repeated, “You know, the Direct Orbital Code Interface Link Emitter ( DOCILE ).” Bingo, the light bulb went on, I had seen – at Groom Lake [ Nevada ] a part of the DOCILE equipment – the NSA briefcase sized unit with the large chips.

These are old pictures of the Virtual Reality Laboratory ( VRL ) at Brooks Air Force Base ( BAFB ) where the software – to remotely fly exotic aircraft – was developed.

Let me get back to the development of [ my book ] Alien Rapture – The Chosen.

After I agreed to write my co-conspirator’s story, I talked to several military Judge Adjutant General ( JAG ) lawyers whom were told I wanted to write about some of my experiences in the military and that I had been on many classified projects. I was told, I had to write my story as ‘fiction’, which I have.

I was told, I couldn’t name any real individuals with clearances or covers, or use their working names, which I haven’t.

I was also told, I couldn’t discuss any secrets of programs I had been personally assigned to, which I have ‘not done’ and ‘will never do’.

Then I was told so long as I did that I could damn well write anything I wanted to. Of course I did ‘not’ tell them that I was going to write about the government conspiracy to cover-up UFO contact and reverse engineering of alien technology. Or, that I was interviewing pilots who flew classified ‘air craft’, plus others whom had worked Black Programs.

In the summer of 1992, we again met in Las Vegas, Nevada. I had compiled my notes from our first meeting, my interviews, and input that five ( 5 ) friends had passed on to me, of whom each reached out to ‘their friends and contacts’ uncovering even more information.

We agreed I was the only one who could get away with writing about our experiences, since I was planning on getting out of the D.O.D. ( Department of Defense ) industry.

My friends for the most part, were still connected.

Bud, one of my co-conspirators and close friends, informed me he had a cancerous tumor and was going through some severe depression. He was dead 30-days later. It was a real blow to us. We lost Jerrold, 1-year before, due to his heart attack.

Of the remaining three ( 3 ) friends, Sal dropped off of the face of the earth and none of his – nor my contacts – have been able to locate him for 2-years now. Sal was extremely paranoid about the two ( 2 ) deaths ( of Bud and Jerrold ), and had second thoughts about the book. Sal said he was going to move and didn’t know when or if he would contact me next. I like to think of him sipping a tropical drink on some Pacific island.

Let me talk about my friend Doc, who has a theory that UFOs were drawn-to like fast Aircraft. SR-71 pilot, Doc, whom I knew well, was stationed at Kadena AFB ( KAFB ) where they were located on the SAC ( Strategic Air Command ) side of the base during 1973.

While flying back across the South China Sea, from a reconnaissance mission, SR-71 pilot ( Doc ) encountered a shadow over his cockpit. Doc said his avionics systems went totally haywire, and he felt the aircraft nose down slightly, which can be dangerous at 2,000 miles per hour ( 35 miles per minute ). When the SR-71 pilot looked up, Doc was so startled that he almost panicked and immediately made an evasive maneuver to the right and down – one of many maneuvers made if an approaching missile is detected.

Doc said the object was so big that it totally blocked out the sun. His estimate was that it was 250-feet to 300-feet across, oval shaped and appeared bright blue-grey in color, however Doc wasn’t sure because it also had a shimmering halo of energy surrounding the vehicle.

About 3-minutes later, and some thousands of feet lower, the vehicle reappeared to the side of his left wing tip. He tried his UHF radio and all he could pick up was a deep electrical hum. He abandoned his attempts to use his radio, as his immediate survival was more important.

For the next 10-minutes, the large oval vehicle moved from his left wing tip to the rear of the SR-71 and then to his right wing tip. The movement from the left, to the rear, to the right wing tip took about 2-minutes, and then it reversed the movement. During the UFO’s last swing to the rear of his SR-71 his aircraft started buffeting wildly, which is terrifying at Mach 3, then it stopped after about 15-seconds, and then he never saw it again.

Doc said he heard a sound in his head, ‘like a swarm of bees in my brain,’ as he described it. When Doc returned from the mission he immediately went to his debriefing. The minute he mentioned the incident with the Unidentified Aerospace Vehicle ( UAV ) to his commander, he was pulled away from the debriefing and taken to his commander’s office. His commander, a colonel, filled out an incident report, in detail, and then told Doc not to mention the incident to anyone or he would be subject to severe and speedy penalty under military regulations.

Doc told me he knew of no single other SR-71 pilot or astronaut who hadn’t had a close encounter or a UFO sighting. Doc felt none would ever go on record with their experiences because of fear of retaliation from the U.S. Department of Defense ( DOD ) and loss of their retirement pay and benefits for breaking the U.S. oath of Secrets.

During the 9-years after this in-flight incident, Doc related that a few of his trusted friends related similar incidents, with the same type of vehicles, or glowing orbs of dense light, dancing around their SR-71.

Then Doc told me another story about his friend Dave, another SR-71 Blackbird pilot, who – while drunk on Sake in Japan – told him in whispers that he hadn’t been a drinker until he made a reconnaissance flight over the Eastern border of Russia 6-months earlier when Dave returned delirious and semi-conscious.

Dave’s SR-71 crew had to pull him out of the cockpit. The Flight Surgeon attributed his symptoms to loss of oxygen. Dave didn’t share ( with U.S. Air Force base physicians ) his nightmares, for fear the Flight Surgeon would ground him and possibly lose his flying status, however under the influence of alcohol – in a quiet bar – with a trusted fellow SR-71 blackbird pilot ( Doc ) friend, Dave opened up.

Dave tearfully related – in an emotional story – having frequent nightmares that something had gotten to him during his flight over Russia. For Dave, what made matters worse was he had absolutely no memory of the flight from the time he lifted off from Osun Air Base ( Korea ) until the day after he returned and found himself in the Naval Regional Hospital in Okinawa, Japan.

I managed to track down Dave, who lives in Southern California, who confirmed off-the-record the incident relayed by Doc to me was true. Dave said he was actually happy someone was writing about stories of contact and sightings by military pilots, and was sure he had some type of contact with a UFO.

One day, while still at Nellis Air Force Base test range S-4, we were informed there was an F-15 that crashed on the Nellis Range, where Area 51 is located. The F-15 crash happened in 1977. A Lieutenant Colonel and Doc Walters, the Hospital Commander, actually flew into the side of a mountain while doing a routine Functional Check Flight.

A sergeant, who worked for me, recovered the F-15 Heads-Up Display film canister while he had earlier been assigned to the Accident Investigation Team. He told me that a guy ( in a dark jump suit ), who was out of Washington D.C. personally took that film canister away from him – unusual because everything else was picked up and logged, first, then taken back to the assigned hanger for analysis – in-addition to a ‘prototype video camera’ ( also on the aircraft ) and flight data recorder; all handed over to the guy from Washington, D.C.

One night a couple of weeks after the crash, my U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) friend, Jerald ( Gerald ? Jerrold ? ) relayed to me – at the Silver Dollar Saloon ( Las Vegas, Nevada ) – that the aforementioned Lieutenant Colonel radioed the Nellis Tower that he had an ‘extremely large thing’ hovering his aircraft and was experiencing loss of flight systems. His communications went dead and a few seconds later his aircraft exploded into the side of a mountain-top.

Jerald, who was the most ‘connected’ person I’ve ever known, told me viewing the ‘video’ showed some type of oval vehicle – of tremendous size – was so close to the F-15 its camera appeared to have gone out of focus.

When Doc and the Lieutenant Colonel ejected, the UFO was still above them, their bodies were torn to shreds. Officially, it was determined – as always the case – that ‘pilot error’ caused the perfectly functional aircraft – in clear airspace with maximum visibility – to crash.

Nevada calls itself the silver state, the battle-born state, and the sagebrush state. A more appropriate motto would be, the conspiracy state.

Of the 111,000 square miles of land in Nevada, over 80% is controlled by the federal government – the highest percentage of any state in the U.S. If it were not for the gaming industry in Nevada, the federal government would be the largest employer in the State of Nevada, with 18,000 federal and military personnel and another 20,000 government contractors and suppliers.

The Nevada Test Site, Nellis Air Force Base and Range [ Nevada ], Fallon Naval Air Station [ Nevada ], the Tonopah Range, and the aerospace industry eat-up a lot of U.S. tax dollars.

The Nevada Test Site and the Nellis Range have myriad secrets yet to be revealed, including a super secret laboratory named DARC, part of the Defense Advanced Research Center ( DARC ).

DARC is located, inside the Nellis Range, 10 stories underground.

DARC was built in the 1980s with SDI ( Strategic Defense Initiative ) money.

DARC is next to a mountain – near Papoose Lake, south of Groom Lake, Nevada – where the TR-3Bs ( TIER III B ) are stored in an aircraft hanger built into a side of a mountain near DARC. The Nellis Range covers more than 3,500,000 million acres.

EG&G, a government contractor, provides classified research and development services for the military and government, and supplies technical and scientific support for nuclear testing and energy research and development programs.

EG&G provided large diameter drilling, mining and excavation for DARC underground and mountainside facilities.

EG&G built these DARC hidden bunkers, mountain hangers and vast underground facilities at Groom Lake, Papoose Lake, and Mercury for the government – facilities and observations posts well camouflaged inside the Nevada Test Site and the Nellis Range.

Starting in 1971 and continuing through 1975, a massive amount of excavation took place at the Groom Lake facility and Papoose Lake facility where most subsequent construction also took place underground.

In 1972, EG&G was granted an ‘indefinite contract’ called “Project Red-Light” to support the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) and the military. This contract gave EG&G responsibility to assist in the recovery of nuclear materials in cases of mishaps and to provide aerial and ground security for highly classified government and military sites.

My sources say DOE and NSA are primary responsibles, to the MJ-12 committee, for reacting to UFO sightings and recovery of UFO artifacts in cases of crash.

So what’s going on more recently, you may ask? Let’s talk about the newest secrets and rumors:

  [ photo ( above ) AVRO VZ-9 AeroCar ( 1957 BELL Laboratory ( Canada ) contractor for CIA ) ]

The Hillary platform, AVRO saucer and NORTHROP sections where aerospace vehicles with advance technology was developed and tested – each emulated some characteristic of UFOs as described by the late Dr. Paul Hill, a NASA UFO investigator. Hill’s posthumously published book, Unconventional Flying Objects, discusses UFO technology extensively. If you have not read this illustrious tome, I suggest you do so.

Newly unclassified documents show that AVRO [ Canada ] built and tested a number of saucers – at Area 51 in Nevada  [ USA ] – contrary to DOD lies that the program was canceled because it failed to meet expectations. LOCKHEED Advanced Developmental Projects Division ( ADPD ) – also known as the “Skunk Works” – developed the A-12 – for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) – and a later version, the SR-71 for the USAF, in the early 1960s.

30-years later, the SR-71 was still breaking world speed records. The sleek matte-black stiletto shaped spy plane SR-71 Blackbird – traveling 2,000 miles in 1-hour 4-minutes ( including multiple orbits, touch-down and take-off ) – broke the world air speed record from Los Angeles, California to Washington, D.C. on its retirement flight in 1990.

Area 51 ( Groom Lake Air Base Nevada facilities ) has a 6-mile long runway, the longest in the United States where U.S. Department of Defense ( DOD ) and CIA most exotic aerospace vehicles are tested and modified. Area 51 is a place where curious outsiders circulate rumors about aliens and extra-terrestrial technology being utilized to accelerate the various programs at Area 51.

Why a 6-mile long runway? You need a runway this long if the minimum, or stall speed, of an aircraft is a very high speed. Aircraft ( without wings ), like wedge shaped lifting bodies or those with 75 degree swept back wings, have very high stall speeds, and while they launch-lift very fast, they land even faster.

My sources estimate that up to 35% of SDI ( Strategic Defense Initiative – “Star Wars” ) funding was siphoned-off to provide primary expenditures for the U.S. Air Force most secret ‘Black Program’, begun in 1982, the AURORA Program.

AURORA, the Program, ‘is’ the ‘code name’ of the ‘ongoing Program’ to have advanced aerospace vehicles built and tested.

AURORA, contrary to popular belief, is ‘not’ the name of an individual aircraft.

AURORA Program is the namesake of “aurora borealis” – excited gas in the upper atmosphere. As early as 1992 the Air Force had already made contingency plans to move some of it’s aircraft out of Groom Air Base ( Area 51 ) where the public eye was on the base and they ( government officials ) did ‘not’ like that one bit.

Everything, needing a long runway, like the SR-75 was removed by early 1992 to other bases in Utah, Colorado, Alaska, Greenland, Korea, Diego Garcia, and remote islands in the Pacific.

Short take-off and landing vehicles ( STOL ), especially the bat wing TR-3A ( TIER III A ) Manta and TR-3B ( TIER III B ) Astra – the ‘Flying Triangle’ – were relocated to Papoose Lake, Nevada ( USA ) in the southern part of the Nellis Air Force Base ( AFB ) Test Range Site called Area S-4. Other than the SR-75 – still being dispersed to other locations – more research and development ( R&D ) and flight operational test and evaluation continues in Area 51, more-so now than ever before.

For the last few years high-tech buffs speculated that at least one ( 1 ) new and exotic aerospace vehicle existed, the SR-75 – first operational AURORA Program vehicle that went operational in 1989, 2-years ( 1987 ) ‘after’ flight testing and modifications were complete.

SR-75 is a hypersonic strategic reconnaissance ( SRV ) spy plane called the Penetrator, a mother ship, that I will explain shortly.

Hypersonic speeds start at approximately Mach 5.

SR-75 replaced the SR-71 spy plane, retired in 1990 by the U.S. Air Force that said, “there is no replacement, all we really need is our spy satellites to do the job.” Hmm?

The DOD, upon analysis of Desert Storm, admitted satellites ( alone ) could not provide the necessary quick response real-time reconnaissance information needed by various military agencies. Yet they have repeatedly fought some U.S. Congressional efforts to bring back the SR-71. Why? The answer should be obvious.

SR-75, is better capable of global positioning in less than 3-hours, equipped with multi-spectral sensors ( optical, radar, infrared, and laser ) collecting images, electronics intelligence ( ELINT ), signals intelligence ( SIGINT ), illuminating ( lighting-up via laser ) targets, and more.

SR-75, far exceeds classified military speed and altitude records set by predecessor SR-71 flight records – still classified Mach 3.3+ ( confidently add another 3 to 4 Mach + ) with ceiling altitudes of ( at least ) 85,000 feet.

SR-75, attained altitudes of over 120,000 feet and speeds exceeding Mach-5 ( 5 times faster than the speed of sound ) – equating to more than 3,300 miles per hour.

SR-75, from take-off to landing, can make the round trip from central Nevada to Northeast Russia and back in under 3-hours.

SR-75, is 162-feet long and has a wing span of 98-feet.

SR-75, fuselage begins at 10-feet above ground.

SR-75, carries a flight crew of three ( 3 ), i.e. pilot, reconnaissance officer and launch control officer, the latter of whom doubles as the SR-75 Penetrator electronics warfare ( EW ) officer. Two ( 2 ) methane and LOX fueled high bypass turbo-ramjet ( combined cycle ) engines – housed under each wing – where bays run 40-feet thereunder, terminating at the trailing edge of the wing.

SR-75 Penetrator Pulse Wave Detonation engines ( 2 ) push speeds above Mach 5 – now reported Mach 7+ or 4,500-mph ( miles per hour ) with now new engine modifications. Although this plane has been sighted on numerous occasions, picked up on military radar, the pulse wave detonation contrail has been seen, but the Air Force vehemently denies its existence.

SR-75 large Pulse Wave Detonation engine bay inlets ( located under each wing of the black mother ship – hang downward 7-feet under the wings ) – are 12-feet wide.

SR-71 Blackbird, SR-75 Penetrator ( black mothership ), and its SR-74 daughter ship SR-74 ( Scramp ) were all built by LOCKHEED Advanced Development Company ( Skunk-Works ).

SR-74 Scramp, daughtership of the SR-75, is a ‘drone’ launched from ‘under’ the SR-75 black mothership fuselage.

SR-74 Scramp, after launch, utilizes a supersonic combustion ram-jet engine ( Scramjet ).

Jerald witnessed the flight of the big black Air Force SR-75 carrying the little unmanned SR-74 while inside Area 51 where it was initially positioned piggyback ( on its upper raised platform ) atop the SR-75 Penetrator.

[ photo ( above ) LOCKHEED YF-12-A / SR-71 Blackbird drone: D-21 ( drone ) ( click to enlarge ) ]

Remember, the SR-74 Scramp can ‘not’ launch itself from the ground.

SR-75 talk, was heard by me, as far back as the late 1970s when I was at Groom [ Groom Lake ], and I’ve 2 additional friends who saw the SR-75 at Groom Lake, Nevada.

SR-74 Scramp, from its SR-75 mother ship, can only launch at an altitude above 100,000-feet + from where it can then attain orbital altitudes over 800,000-feet ( 151-miles + ).

The U.S. Air Force SR-74 Scramp is for launching small highly classified ‘ferret satellites’ for the U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ). SR-74 Scramp, can launch at least two ( 2 ) 1,000-pound satellites measuring 6-feet by 5-feet.

SR-74 Scramp is roughly the equivalent size and weight of a F-16 fighter.

SR-74, can easily attain speeds of Mach 15, or a little less than 10,000 miles per hour. NASA Space Shuttle is ‘technologically antique’ by comparison – taxpayer joke.

If you think these rumors are far-fetched, look at the YB-49 and XB-70 flown in 1948 and 1964 respectively, then look at the SR-75 that has been spotted numerous times.

Some say, “The government cannot keep a secret,” wrong statement if some think the government can’t.

There are new rumors that the U.S. placed two ( 2 ) new vehicles in permanent orbit. One of these, being the Space Orbital Nuclear – Service Intercept Vehicle ( SON-SIV ) code name LOCUST.

The SR-74 SCRAMP and the TR-3B [ TIER III B ] can deliver Spare Replacement Units ( SRU ), service fuels, fluids and chemicals to the SON-SIV.

SON-SIV robotic uses those deliverables to service, calibrate, repair and replace parts on the newer NSA, CIA and NRO ( National Reconnaissance Office ) satellites built to be maintained ‘in space’.

Finally, I’ve saved the best for last. The Operational model of the TR-3B [ TIER III B ].

The early information I gathered from interviewing my contacts and their closest friends who worked black programs resulted in the basic specifications of the TR-3B [ TIER III B ] Flying Triangle. I had this simple drawing by late 1990.

On the night of March 30, 1990 a Captain of the Belgium ( Belgique ) National Police decided to pursue incoming reports about a ‘triangular’ shape UFO. Two ( 2 ) radar installations, one a NATO defense group and the other a Belgium ( Belgique ) civilian and military radar verified the triangle UFO.

Excellent atmospheric conditions prevailed, and there was no possibility of false echoes due to temperature inversions. At 5 AM in the morning, 2 dispatched F-16 fighters spotted the Triangle on their radar screens that had locked onto the target.

Six seconds later the object speeded up from an initial velocity of 280 kilometers per hour to 1,800 kilometers per hour; at the same time descending from an altitude of 3,000 meters to 1,700 meters, then down to 200-meters, causing the F-16 radars to lose lock-on. This maneuver happened all in a matter of 1-second. The 40 G acceleration of the Triangle was some 32 gravitational forces higher than what a human pilot can stand.

Contrary to normal aeronautical expectations, no sonic boom was heard. This phenomenal game of hide and seek was observed by twenty [ 20 ] Belgium National Policemen and hundreds of other witnesses who all saw the Triangular vehicle and the F-16 fighters. The chase was repeated twice more during the next hour.

Belgians have made all information of this event public, unlike our U.S. government that only admits nothing and denies everything to do with UFOs – even when some are ours.

[ photo ( above ) another Triangle craft believed over Turkey enroute to Iraq ( click to enlarge ) ]

The TR-3B original photo was taken with a digital camera carried aboard, a special black operations C-130 cargo plane, by a U.S. Air Force Special Operations sergeant who took the picture from aboard the C-130 flying mission support for the TR-3B.

I’ve seen this picture personally and have interviewed several people who worked on the program. I’m sure of my facts and specifications.

You can see for yourselves, that from the Belgium pictures, a computer generated software composite rendition – resulting from the Europe sightings, plus my original schematic – taken from interviews – that this ‘is an accurate rendition’ of the TR-3 [ TIER III ].

From the ‘original digital photograph’ of the TR-3B, a ‘computer graphic enhanced representation’ – made using 3D graphic rendered software – hangs on the wall inside a ‘black vault’ at the AURORA Program Office. I am not at liberty to divulge further details about the digital picture except to say a friend took a great career risk taking it and showing it to me.

We have used these highly accurate computer graphic pictures of the Prototype and Operational models of the TR-3B to get further verification of their accuracy. You will not get a clearer picture of what the Flying Triangles are until one lands amidst ‘public domain’ and is captured by CNN or other news media.

Jerald said he would never forget the sight of the alien looking TR-3B based at Papoose Lake, Nevada where the pitch black triangular shaped craft was rarely mentioned – and then only in hushed whispers – at the Groom Lake facility where he worked.

TR3B [ TIER 3 B ] flew over the Groom Lake runway in complete silence, and magically stopped above Area S-4 where t hovered ( silently for about 10-minutes ) silently in the same position before gently settling vertically to the tarmac.

At times a corona of silver blue light glowed around the circumference of the massive TR-3B. The operational model of the TR3-B is 600-feet across.

TR3B ‘prototype’ ( 200-foot ) and TR3B ‘operational’ ( 600-foot ) version crafts are code named ASTRA.

TR3B tactical reconnaissance version first [ 1st ] ‘operational flight’ was in the early 1990s.

TR-3A Manta [ TIER III A Manta ] is a subsonic reconnaissance vehicle shaped like a bat wing and is in no way related to the TR-3B.

The nomenclature for the TR-3B is unconventional and named thusly to confuse those tracking black budget Programs, Projects and rumors leaked to be purposefully confusing as most are in the aerospace industry where one would think there ‘must be a relationship’ between the TR-3A and the TR-3B, although there is ‘no relationship’.

TR3B triangular shaped nuclear powered aerospace platform was developed under the Top Secret AURORA Program with SDI ( Strategic Defense Initiative – Star Wars ) and black budget monies. At least three [ 3 ] TR3B, $1,000,000,000 billion dollar +, were flying by 1994.

AURORA is the most classified aerospace development program in existence – with its TR-3B being the most exotic vehicle created from the AURORA Program – funded and operationally tasked by the National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO ), NSA, and CIA.

TR-3B flying triangle is ‘not fiction’ and was built with technology available in the mid 1980s and uses more reversed alien technology than any vehicle ever before, but ‘not’ “every” UFO spotted is one of theirs.

TR-3B vehicle outer coating is electro-chemical reactive, that can fluctuate from radar electrical frequency ( EF ) stimulation, causing reflective color spectrum changes from radar absorption.

TR3B is the first [ 1st ] U.S. aerospace vehicle employing quasi-crystals within its polymer skin used in conjunction with TR-3B Electronic Counter Measures ( ECCM ) that can make the vehicle look like a ‘small aircraft’ or ‘flying cylinder’ that also fools radar receivers into falsely detecting a either a ‘variety of aircraft’, ‘no aircraft’ or ‘several aircraft placed in various locations’.

Electro-chromatic polymer skins can be uncovered performing research that points to stealth material properties.

A couple in Ohio spotted the Triangle in early 1995, was first spotted by a man indicating its orange ball of light and then triangle shape with three [ 3 ] bright spots at each corner. As it moved slowly southward they were awestruck by the enormous size. “The damn thing is real,” he exclaimed to his wife, “It’s the flying triangle.” The man said it was the size of “two [ 2 ] football fields” – making it 200 yards or 600-feet across – same as the TR3B operational version craft.

From the collection of pictures, analysis and further refinement we now have a better schematic layout of the Top Secret USAF Flying Triangle [ TR 3 B ] seen by thousands that the U.S.  Department of Defense ( DOD ) and U.S. government claims ‘does not exist’.

A circular, plasma filled accelerator ring called the Magnetic Field Disrupter, surrounds the rotatable crew compartment, far ahead of any imaginable technology.

Sandia & Livermore U.S. National Laboratories developed reverse engineered MFD technology

The government will go to any lengths to protect this technology. The plasma, mercury based, is pressurized at 250,000 atmospheres at a temperature of 150 degrees Kelvin, and accelerated to 50,000 rpm to create a super-conductive plasma with the resulting gravity disruption.

MFD generates a magnetic vortex field, which disrupts or neutralizes the effects of gravity on mass within proximity, by 89 percent. Do not misunderstand. This is ‘not’ anti-gravity. Anti-gravity provides a ‘repulsive force’ that can be ‘used for propulsion’.

The MFD creates a disruption – of the ‘Earth gravitational field’ – upon the mass within the circular accelerator.

The mass of the circular accelerator and all mass within the accelerator, such as the crew capsule, avionics, MFD systems, fuels, crew environmental systems, and the nuclear reactor, are reduced by 89%.

A side note to the Magnetic Field Disruptor development; one source that worked at GD Convair Division in the mid 1960s described a mercury based plasma that was cooled to super-conductive temperatures, rotated at 45,000-rpm and pressurized at thousands of atmospheres. This would be considered state-of-the-art technology even by today’s standards, some 30 years after he worked this project.

He related that the project achieved its objective. Instruments and test objects within the center of the accelerator showed a 50 percent loss of weight, attributed to a reduction in the gravitational field. He had worked on MFD as far back as 1965 and was told by a senior scientist that the research had been going on for a decade. See: Convair, notes from Gravitics research and Gravity RAND article.

The current MFD in the TR-3B causes the effect of making the vehicle extremely light, and able to outperform and outmaneuver any craft yet constructed, except of course, the UFOs we did not build.

The TR-3B is a high altitude, stealth, reconnaissance platform with an indefinite loiter time. Once you get it up there at speed, it doesn’t take much propulsion to maintain altitude.

At Groom Lake there have been whispered rumors of a new element that acts as a catalyst to the plasma.

Recently NASA and Russia have admitted breakthroughs in technology that would use a plasma shield for exotic aerospace vehicles. If you know anything about the history of classified black programs, you know that by the time NASA starts researching something, it’s either proven or old technology. They are the poor stepchildren when it comes to research and development technology and funding.

With the vehicle mass reduced by 89% the craft can travel at Mach 9, vertically or horizontally. My sources say the performance is limited only the stresses that the human pilots can endure. Which is a lot, really, considering along with the 89% reduction in mass, the G forces are also reduced by 89%.

The crew of the TR-3B should be able to comfortable take up to 40Gs. The same flight characteristics described in the Belgium sightings and many other sightings. Reduced by 89%, the occupants would feel about 4.2 Gs.

The TR-3Bs propulsion is provided by 3 multimode thrusters mounted at each bottom corner of the triangular platform. The TR-3 is a sub-Mach 9 vehicle until it reaches altitudes above 120,000 feet – then who knows how fast it can go.

The three [ 3 ] multimode rocket engines mounted under each corner of the craft use hydrogen or methane and oxygen as a propellant. In a liquid oxygen / hydrogen rocket system, 85% of the propellant mass is oxygen.

The nuclear thermal rocket engine uses a hydrogen propellant, augmented with oxygen for additional thrust.

The reactor heats the liquid hydrogen and injects liquid oxygen in the supersonic nozzle, so that the hydrogen burns concurrently in the liquid oxygen afterburner.

The multimode propulsion system can operate in the atmosphere, with thrust provided by the nuclear reactor, in the upper atmosphere, with hydrogen propulsion, and in orbit, with the combined hydrogen\ oxygen propulsion.

What you have to remember is that the 3 multi-mode rocket engines only have to propel 11% of the mass of the Top Secret TR-3B. Rockwell reportedly builds the engines.

From the evolution of exotic materials, advanced avionics, and newer propulsion engines the stealth aircraft were born. Leaps in technology have been obtained with reverse engineering of Alien Artifacts as described in the newly released MJ-12 Revised Charter, signed during the Reagan [ Ronald Reagan ] Administration.

According to Jerald’s account, the technology developed at Papoose far exceeded any known within the world scientific community. Jerald was in his late 50s when I first met him in LV. He had actually spoken to scientists who analyzed the Roswell vehicle and technology–technology that we can assuredly assume was developed from reverse engineering of recovered alien artifacts. The control of all Alien Artifacts, i.e. the research, the reverse engineering, and analysis of the Extraterrestrial Biological Entities (aka) EBE, were transferred to the super-secret laboratory, called the Defense Advanced Research Center ( DARC ), in Area S-4.

Many sightings of triangular UFOs are not alien vehicles but the top secret TR-3B. The NSA, NRO, CIA, and USAF have been playing a shell game with aircraft nomenclature.

Creating the TR-3, modified to the TR-3A, the TR-3B, and the Tier 2, 3, and 4, with suffixes like Plus or Minus added on to confuse even further the fact that each of these designators is a different [ Unmanned Aerial vehicle ( UAV ) ] aircraft, and not the same aerospace vehicle. [ See, e.g. “ DARPA Photos ” on this website for more on UAV and UCAV with Tier designations provided. ]

A TR-3B is as different from a TR-3A as a banana is from a grape. Some of these vehicles are manned and others are unmanned.

Before Jerald died, we had a long conversation. He was sure he had documentation that would prove the existence of the MJ-12 committee and our using crashed alien vehicles to reverse engineer their technology. I told him that I did not want any classified documents in my possession. I never found out what happened to them.

I also believe the recently deceased Colonel Corso, who discloses the government’s involvement with alien technology, was an honest and honorable man. I believe he was on the inside of administering alien artifact protocol for the Army, and he might have embellished the depth of his involvement.

I don’t have time to go into the two [ 2 ] unique MJ-12 documents that I acquired.

The characters in [ my book ] Alien Rapture are fictional, but the facts of the covert government agenda to suppress alien artifacts, reverse engineering of alien [ ExtraTerrestrial ] technology, and the details of Black Programs are absolutely true.

Part of our agreement was that every one of my close five friends would get a chance to look at the manuscript before I sent it to any Literary Agents.

Dale discussed the Alien Rapture manuscript with his father, who worked high up in the NSA for over 20-years. His father asked him how much he trusted me, and Dale told him ‘completely’.

Dale’s father provided him with two MJ-12 documents, and told him to retype them, and send them to me with the understanding that I would not ever reveal the source of them.

The documents that Dale retyped had most the names and dates blacked out. This is how I received these documents, and I was so naive that I didn’t even know what the histories of the MJ-12 documents were.

From as far back as the Viet Nam conflict [ war ], I knew Dale and that he was as close to his father as a son can get. I do not feel that his father used him for distributing disinformation. Whether his father was duped, I have no idea. From my personal opinion, I believe the MJ-12 committee was real, and still exists in some form.

The TR-3B’s anti-gravity physics is explained, insofar as the theory of general relativity can be considered as an explanation for anti-gravity flight anomalies.

Edgar Fouché describes (above) the TR-3B’s propulsion system as follows: “A circular, plasma filled accelerator ring called the Magnetic Field Disrupter, surrounds the rotatable crew compartment and is far ahead of any imaginable technology…

The plasma, mercury based, is pressurized at 250,000 atmospheres at a temperature of 150 degrees Kelvin, and accelerated to 50,000 rpm to create a super-conductive plasma with the resulting gravity disruption.

The MFD generates a magnetic vortex field, which disrupts or neutralizes the effects of gravity on mass within proximity, by 89%…

The current MFD in the TR-3B causes the effect of making the vehicle extremely light, and able to outperform and outmaneuver any craft yet …My sources say the performance is limited only the stresses that the human pilots can endure. Which is a lot, really, considering along with the 89% reduction in mass, the G forces are also reduced by 89%.

The crew of the TR-3B should be able to comfortable take up to 40Gs… Reduced by 89%, the occupants would feel about 4.2 Gs.

The TR-3Bs propulsion is provided by 3 multimode thrusters mounted at each bottom corner of the triangular platform. The TR-3 is claimed by some to be either a sub-Mach-9 up to a Mach 25+ lenticular-shaped vehicle until it reaches altitudes above 120,000 feet. No one knows really how fast it can go.

Many have been skeptical of Mr. Fouché’s claims however, in an interesting scientific article another claim is made that, the charged particles of plasma don’t just spin uniformly around in a ring, but tend to take up a synchronized, tightly pitched, helical or screw-thread motion as they move around the ring. This can be understood in a general way, where the charged particles moving around the ring act as a current that in turn sets up a magnetic field around the ring.

It is a well-known fact that electrons ( or ions ) tend to move in a helical fashion around magnetic field lines. Although it is a highly complex interaction, it only requires a small leap of faith to believe that the end result of these interactions between the moving charged particles ( current ) and associated magnetic fields results in the helical motion described above. In other words, the charged particles end up moving in very much the same pattern as the current on a wire tightly wound around a toroidal core.

In an article entitled, “Guidelines to Antigravity” by Dr. Robert Forward, written in 1962 ( available at: http://www.whidbey.com/forward/pdf/tp007.pdf ) Dr. Forward describes several little known aspects – of Einstein’s general relativity theory – indicating how moving matter can create unusual gravitational effects. Figure 5, indicates how the moving matter pattern describes what’s necessary to generate a gravitational dipole which was exactly the same as the plasma ring pattern described in the physics article discussed above.

If Fouche’s description is even close to correct, then the TR-3B utilizes this little known loophole in the General Relativity Theory to create it’s antigravity effects. Even though the TR-3B can only supposedly cancel 89% of gravity (and inertia) today, there is no reason why the technology can’t be improved to exceed 100% and achieve true antigravity capability.

In theory, this same moving matter pattern could be mechanically reproduced by mounting a bunch of small gyroscopes – all around the larger ring – with their axis on the larger ring, and then spinning both the gyroscopes and the ring at high speeds, however as Dr. Forward points out any such mechanical system would probably fly apart before any significant anti-gravity effects could be generated. However, as Dr. Forward states, “By using electromagnetic forces to contain rotating systems, it would be possible for the masses to reach relativistic velocities; thus a comparatively small amount of matter, if dense enough and moving fast enough, could produce usable gravitational effects.”

The requirement for a dense material moving at relativistic speeds would explain the use of Mercury plasma (heavy ions). If the plasma really spins at 50,000 RPM and the mercury ions are also moving in a tight pitched spiral, then the individual ions would be moving probably hundreds, perhaps thousands of times faster than the bulk plasma spin, in order to execute their “screw thread” motions. It is quite conceivable that the ions could be accelerated to relativistic speeds in this manner. I am guessing that you would probably want to strip the free electrons from the plasma, making a positively charged plasma, since the free electrons would tend to counter rotate and reduce the efficiency of the antigravity device.

One of Einstein’s postulates of the Theory of General Relativity says that gravitational mass and inertial mass are equivalent. This is consistent with Mr. Fouche’s claim that inertial mass within the plasma ring is also reduced by 89%. This would also explain ‘why the vehicle is triangular’ shaped. Since it still requires conventional thrusters for propulsion, the thrusters would need to be located outside of the “mass reduction zone” or else the mass of the thruster’s reaction material would also be reduced, making them terribly inefficient. Since it requires a minimum of three [ 3 ] legs to have a stable stool, it follows that they would need a minimum of three [ 3 ] thrusters to have a stable aerospace platform. Three [ 3 ] thrusters – located outside of the plasma ring – plus appropriate structural support would naturally lead to a triangular shape for the vehicle.

Some remain skeptical of the claimed size for the TR-3B at being approximately 500 to 600-feet across. Why would anyone build a tactical reconnaissance vehicle almost two ( 2 ) football fields long? However, the answer to this may also be found in Dr. Forward’s paper. As Dr. Forward’s puts it, “…even the most optimistic calculations indicate that very large devices will be required to create usable gravitational forces. Antigravity…like all modern sciences will require special projects involving large sums of money, men and energy.” Dr. Forward has also written a number of other articles, at: http://www.whidbey.com/forward/TechPubs.html

The TR3-B was spotted by U.S. military personnel as the “initial penetration bomb delivery vehicle” prior to the follow-up work done by the F-117 stealth fighters and B-2B bomber mop-up crews and not what Americans were told by the media were the initial strike penetration vehicles used during the Persian Gulf War air strikes inside Iraq airspace.

Recent sightings in December of 2000 has the TR3-B flying south from Utah across the mountain regions near a National Monument valley of Taos, New Mexico. For more information and images, See, e.g. ” UFO & ETT Pics ” on this X-CIA Files website.

Aerial vehicles, such as this ( below ), appears to have been around for decades

[ photo ( above ) VRIL VII Manned Combat Aerial Vehicle ( MCAV ) Circa: 1941 ( East Germany ) ]

November 9, 2001

The Old Technology

Reverse-engineered information production, although rarely used due to time consumption, may be utilized to uncover data previously gathered but somehow overlooked is a methodology rarely used by some of the most sophisticated intelligence gathering agencies in the World.

The concept is not ‘new’ but is the most feared form of information assimilation that tears down the walls of classification and censorship as to how things are or were previously perceived as fundamental beliefs. Little known and forgotten about practices and methodologies can easily circumvent new technologies by using the “Old Technology”.

An example of “Old Technology” was demonstrated in early-1970s era Soviet MIG defense aircraft using avionics that the West once saw used in 1950s-era television (TV) sets, i.e. electron vacuum tubes. During the 1970s, the West – sitting smug with transistorized miniature circuits in their fighter aircraft avionics – laughed at Soviet defense aircraft use of electron vacuum tube technology in these 1970s era advanced fighter jet aircraft being utterly outdated technology.

Years later, however the West discovered that Soviet defense aircraft avionics equipped with electron vacuum tube-type technology conquered EMP (elector-magnetic pulse) radiation (produced during above-ground Nuclear detonations) transistor micro circuit technology disruption. EMP wreaked havoc on Western ‘new technology’ electronics at great distances (sometimes, hundreds of miles) away from a ground zero nuclear blast or airburst electronic bombs or e-bombs.

Old “TV tube” technology was actually “higher technology” than what the West used for military defense fighter aircraft during the 1970s. The West was forced to develop other technology strategies, one of which was actually based on an even older technology, the Faraday Cage, a defense used against e-bombs.

That hurdle and yet another were to be eventually conquered, even better once again, with an ‘old technology school-of-thought’. The West found that the age-old adage of ‘fighting fire with fire’ would apply to protecting communication and electronic devices by, simply bombarding its “pre-production material’s structures” with gamma particle radiation. Thus the term, “rad-hard” or, “radiation hardened”, was coined.

In order to prevent EMP telecommunication disruption, fiber-optic communication cables using light-waves to transmit communications were bombarded (before installation) with ‘gamma radiation particles’ that provides a gamma-to-gamma resistance or vaccination against EMP telecommunication disruption, a “rad-hard technique” incorporated for years within U.S. defense Command, Control, Communication, and Computer Intelligence (C4I).

Old Technology, i.e. electron vacuum tubes, solid-state, analog, and arithmetic calculations, once thought to be old technology is still considered sensitive and continuing to be classified by the U.S. government. On the other hand, Extra-Terrestrial Technology (ETT) has brought unusual products into the consumer marketplace, which many take for granted. “Smart Structures” such as “Hybrid Composites” and “Smart Materials” such as “Shape Memory Alloys”, the later of which is now in the public domain and found in new technology ‘eyewear frames’ that will reshape back to their original form – after being bent out of shape – when water is poured over the frames.

Some believe that “cellphone technology” is a form of ETT, nevertheless more ETT products are coming our way, however what is “not” coming our way is the background information we should be focusing on, and for this reason, the following information is revealed.

Research and development on ETT materials was decompartmentalized into un-recognizable facilities after Area 51 began receiving so much publicity. Highly classified material and research projects began being conducted off government installations in universities and private firm research facilities around the world.

Initially, material pieces and sections of covertly held extra-terrestrial spacecraft began undergoing research studies at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base General Electric Research and Development Division in Ohio, the Nellis Air Force Base test range sites at S-4 and Area 51 near Groom Lake in Nevada, and on a U.S. Army base in Dugway, Utah.

The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A.), U.S. National Security Agency (N.S.A.), and U.S. National Reconnaissance Office (N.R.O.) didn’t feel they had enough real estate space at Nellis Air Force Base (A.F.B.) to sufficiently “test” alien technology or ETT spacecraft insofaras their reverse-engineering programs went so, they went about an ingenious way of slowly but surely expanding their real estate property coverage area, which served to keep sensitive information even further hidden from the prying eyes of the outside World.

Additional funds were also used to bunkerize ETT-developed U.S. defense air, sea and even the new land-tunneling vehicular programs where most of the extremely sensitive and larger programs went literally underground from even the ever so watchful eyes of not only our own un-controllable and subverted satellites but, friendly foreigns as well as, enemy-based borns too. With everything in-place, the Government could move forward.

– – – –

Area 51 Law Suits – 1995 thru 2000

Lack of oversight creates opportunities for violations of environmental law to go undetected and unpunished. Some have charged that the Department of Defense, as recently as 1993, used secrecy as a cover for violations of environmental law. Recent lawsuits against the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allege that:

(1) Illegal open-air burning of toxic wastes took place at a secret Air Force facility near Groom Lake, Nevada; and,

(2) EPA has not exercised its required environmental oversight responsibilities for this facility.

Responding to the second (2nd) of these lawsuits, the EPA reported that in early 1995 it had seven (7) regulators on staff with Special Access [access to “Black Programs”] clearance that inspected the Groom Lake facility regarding “unknown health dangers” suffered by U.S. government contractors whom worked at the U.S. Nellis Air Force Base (AFB) experimental testing range near Groom Lake, Nevada known as “Area 51″.

The U.S. government would not release information to the victims or their professional advisors (medical and legal) as to the exact nature of “what” those workers had been exposed to, and consequently lawsuits were filed against the U.S. government.

What the public wasn’t aware of was, what occurred ‘before’ a U.S. Presidential directive in 2000.

What Happened In 1995:

In a federal 9th Circuit Court of Appeals case, these same injured government workers – from Area 51 – were battling for the release of U.S. government information. In one such instance, the U.S. Air Force base “Nellis AFB Nevada” claimed one (1) of their “manuals” – an “unclassified manual” in its entirety – should be considered a “classified” manual by the federal court. [It is suspected that because the particular “unclassified” manual was simply “found to be at Area 51” that it automatically became “classified” by reason of its “location”. See, e.g. Declaration of Sheila E. Widnall (below)]. Hence, the 9th circuit court of appeals ruled in favor of the government, and prohibiting government worker Plaintiffs from pursuing their case further through any other court.

Interesting information on this was revealed by, an official of the United States Air Force during the federal hearings. (See Immediately Below)

UNCLASSIFIED DECLARATION AND CLAIM OF MILITARY AND STATE SECRETS PRIVILEGE OF:

SHEILA E. WIDNALL, SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE

I, SHEILA E. WIDNALL, HEREBY DECLARE THE FOLLOWING TO BE TRUE AND CORRECT:

1. Official Duties: I am the Secretary of the United States Air Force and the head of the Department of the Air Force. In that capacity, I exercise the statutory functions specified in section 8013 of Title 10, U.S. Code. I am responsible for the formulation of Air Force policies and programs that are fully consistent with the national security directives of the President and the Secretary of Defense, including those that protect national security information relating to the defense and foreign relations of the United States. As the Secretary of the Air Force, I exercise authority over the operating location near Groom Lake, Nevada, and the information associated with that operating location. As the head of an agency with control over the information associated with the operating location near Groom Lake, I am the proper person to assert the military and state secrets privilege with regard to that information. Under Executive Order 12356, I exercise original TOP SECRET classification authority, which permits me to determine the proper classification of national security information on behalf of the United States. Executive Order No. 12356, Sec. 1.2, 47 Fed. Reg. 20,105 (1982), reprinted in 50 U.S. Code Section 401 (1991); Presidential Order of May 7, 1982, Officials Designated to Classify National Security Information, 50 U.S. Code Section 401 (1991).

2. Purpose: This Declaration is made for the purpose of advising the court of the national security interests in and the security classification of information that may be relevant to the above captioned lawsuits. The statements made herein are based on (a) my personal consideration of the matter, (b) my personal knowledge; and (c) my evaluation of information made available to me in my official capacity. I have concluded that release of certain information relevant to these lawsuits would necessitate disclosure of properly classified information about the Air Force operating location near Groom Lake, Nevada. I am satisfied that the information described in the classified Declaration is properly classified. I have further determined that the information described in the classified Declaration, if released to the public, could reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security. It is not possible to discuss publicly the majority of information at issue without risking the very harm to the national security that protection of the information is intended to prevent.

3. Security Classification: Under Information Security Oversight Office guidance, “[certain information that would otherwise be unclassified may require classification when combined or associated with other unclassified information.” (32 CFR 2001.3(a)) Protection through classification is required if the combination of unclassified items of information provides an added factor that warrants protection of the information taken as a whole. This theory of classification is commonly known as the mosaic or compilation theory. The mosaic theory of classification applies to some of the information associated with the operating location near Groom Lake. Although the operating location near Groom Lake has no official name, it is sometimes referred to by the name or names of programs that have been conducted there. The names of some programs are classified; all program names are classified when they are associated with the specific location or with other classified programs. Consequently, the release of any such names would disclose classified information.

4. National Security Information: As the head of the agency responsible for information regarding the operating location near Groom Lake, I have determined that information that concerns this operating location and that falls into any of the following categories, is validly classified:

a. Program(s) name(s); b. Mission(s); c. Capabilities; d. Military plans, weapons, or operations; e. Intelligence sources and methods; f. Scientific or technological matters; g. Certain physical characteristics; h. Budget, finance, and contracting relationships; i. Personnel matters; and, j. Security sensitive environmental data.

The following are examples of why certain environmental data is sensitive to the national security. Collection of information regarding the air, water, and soil is a classic foreign intelligence practice, because analysis of these samples can result in the identification of military operations and capabilities. The presence of certain chemicals or chemical compounds, either alone or in conjunction with other chemicals and compounds, can reveal military operational capabilities or the nature and scope of classified operations. Similarly, the absence of certain chemicals or chemical compounds can be used to rule out operations and capabilities. Revealing the composition of the chemical waste stream provides the same kind of exploitable information as does publishing a list of the chemicals used and consumed. Analysis of waste material can provide critical information on the makeup as well as the vulnerabilities of the material analyzed. Disclosure of such information increases the risk to the lives of United States personnel and decreases the probability of successful mission accomplishment.

5. Role of State and Federal-Environmental Agencies: Since 1990, appropriately cleared representatives of Nevada’s Department of Conservation and Natural Resources have been authorized access to the operating location near Groom Lake. The state representative’s role is and has been to monitor and enforce compliance with environmental laws and regulations and to advise on remedial efforts, if required. Appropriately cleared officers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were recently granted access to the operating location near Groom Lake for inspection and enforcement of environmental laws. Federal inspectors from the Environmental Protection Agency commenced an inspection pursuant to the Solid Waste Disposal Act, commonly referred to as a “RCRA inspection,” at the operating location near Groom Lake, Nevada on December 6, 1994.

[EDITOR’S NOTE: Groom Lake: On May 19, 1995, the Director of the FFEO and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Air Force signed a memorandum of agreement ensuring that EPA has continued access to the operating location near Groom Lake for administering environmental laws. Moreover, due to national security concerns, the Air Force agreed to provide reasonable logistical assistance to EPA. Finally, EPA agreed that any classified information obtained by EPA would be treated in accordance with applicable laws and executive orders regarding classified materials.]

The Air Force has taken these steps to ensure full compliance with all applicable environmental laws. At the same time that the operating location near Groom Lake is being inspected for environmental compliance, it is essential to the national security that steps also be taken to prevent the disclosure of classified information.

6. Invoking Military and State Secrets Privilege: It is my judgment, after personal consideration of the matter, that the national security information described in this Declaration and in the classified Declaration, concerning activities at the U.S. Air Force operating location near Groom Lake, Nevada, constitutes military and state secrets. As a result, disclosure of this information in documentary or testimonial evidence must be barred in the interests of national security of the United States. Pursuant to the authority vested in me as Secretary of the Air Force, I hereby invoke a formal claim of military and state secrets privilege with respect to the disclosure of the national security information listed in paragraph four of this Declaration and more fully discussed in the classified Declaration, whether through documentary or testimonial evidence.

7. Environmental Compliance: Although I have found it necessary to invoke the military and state secrets privilege, I believe it important to comment on the Air Force’s commitment to full compliance with the environmental laws of the United States. Our goal is to be the best possible environmental steward of the lands comprising the Nellis Range. To meet that goal we are cooperating and will continue to cooperate with both federal and state environmental agencies.

8. Under penalty of perjury, and pursuant to section 1746 of Title 28, U.S. Code, I certify and declare that the foregoing statements are true and correct.

Executed this 21st day of February 1995 at Arlington, Virginia.

Sheila E. Widnall Secretary of the Air Force

What Happened In 2000:

The outcome – five (5) years later – was that before President Clinton left office, he signed a document sealing the lid on the secret, once and for all, which also sealed the U.S. Government workers fate. Interests of “national security” were cited.

Below, is an exact copy of the document signed by the U.S. President.

THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary

For Immediate Release February 1, 2000

TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES:

Consistent with section 6001(a) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) (the “Act”), as amended, 42 U.S.C. 6961(a), notification is hereby given that on September 20, 1999, I issued Presidential Determination 99-37 (copy enclosed) and thereby exercised the authority to grant certain exemptions under section 6001(a) of the Act.

Presidential Determination 99-37 exempted the United States Air Force’s operating location near Groom Lake, Nevada from any Federal, State, interstate, or local hazardous or solid waste laws that might require the disclosure of classified information concerning that operating location to unauthorized persons.

Information concerning activities at the operating location near Groom Lake has been properly determined to be classified, and its disclosure would be harmful to national security. Continued protection of this information is, therefore, in the paramount interest of the United States.

The determination was not intended to imply that in the absence of a Presidential exemption, RCRA or any other provision of law permits or requires the disclosure of classified information to unauthorized persons. The determination also was not intended to limit the applicability or enforcement of any requirement of law applicable to the Air Force’s operating location near Groom Lake except those provisions, if any, that would require the disclosure of classified information.

WILLIAM J. CLINTON

THE WHITE HOUSE,

January 31, 2000

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Submitted for review and commentary by,

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