Vatican Observatory Intelligence

Vatican Observatory Intelligence

supernovae-smbh-uhecr-cherenkov-muon-grb-tau-air-shower2.jpg
[ IMAGE ( above ): Tau Air-Showers exhibiting Thomson scatter patterned Cherenkov muon light ‘multi-mesenger’ (  ‘atomic’ photon oxygen molecule vaporizors carried with ‘subatomic’ neutrino ground penetrators ) astroparticles of Very-High Energy ( VHE ) to Ultra-High Energy ( UHE ) Gamma-Ray Burst ( GRB ) jet streams known to be “Planetary Atmosphere Killers” when they are even as far-away as 1,000 lightyears from a planet. ( Click on image to enlarge ). ]

[ IMAGE ( above ) : X-Ray imaging composite photograph extragalactic view of  a multi-streaming Ultra-High-Energy ( UHE ) Gamma-Ray Burst ( GRB ) of Cherenkov muon light radiation emminating out-of the accretion disk from within a Supermassive Black-Hole ( SmBH ) near Centaurus A ( Cen-A ) at NGC 5128 within the Virgo A constellation near the Galactic Center of our Universe ( Click on image to enlarge ). ]

[ IMAGE ( above ) : Closer view of Very-High-Energy ( VHE ) Gamma-Ray Photons seen here as not only globules of blue-white light but also a ‘highly concentrated bursted stream of blue-white energetic particles’ leaving from the Centaurus A region near the Galactic Center of our Universe ( Click on image to enlarge ). ]

Vatican Observatory Intelligence by, Concept Activity Research Vault

September 18, 2012 21:42:08 ( PST ) Updated ( Originally Published: June 8, 2011 )

ARIZONA, Tucson – September 18, 2012 – Emanating from deep space, appearing through the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ), CHANDRA and more are certain galaxies referred to as ”Blue Galaxies”  emitting what only appear to be blue flashes of light believed Cerenkov radiation containing Very High-Energy gamma ray photons killing planetary atmosphere.

[ VIDEO ( above ): Click on image ( above ) – to play this ‘official color video clip’. ]

Blue Galaxies

Photon Blue-White Pinprick Scatterings Killing Planetary Atmospheres

Within the Virgo A cluster of Scorpius-Centaur, Centaurus A ( CenA, NGC 5128, PKS 1322-427 ) emits a seriously significant Cherenkov ( Cerenkov ) Gamma-Ray Burst ( GRB ) streaming blazar jet beam created by two ( 2 ) galaxies that collided eons ago in a rare ‘dual Supernova’ ( “Supernovae” ) explosion and implosion creating a Supermassive Black-Hole ( SmBH ) eequipped with an incredibly powerful engine force wherein the core engine weighs heavier than 3-billion of our Suns and compressed down into only a small diameter – the size of our solar system. This streaming jet blazar of Ultra High-Energy grew in length from 5,000-lightyears long to 14,000,000 lightyears long within only ’8-years Earth time’ ( from 2000 to 2008 ) and is travelling at six ( 6 ) times faster than lightspeed.

This extrelely hot bright blue-white beam is uniquely closer to Earth than anything like it in our galactic universe, but there is a far greater threat than this dangerous ray beam that is secretly known as a “Planetary Atmosphere Killer” easily capable of ‘instantly burning-up all oxygen molecules’ when it reaches 1,000 light-years from Earth.

The best way to describe the Centaurus A streaming GRB jet blue-white blazar light burst, which is brighter than 100 of our Sun’s luminosity approaching Earth, was what astronomer Bruce Balick, wrote descriptively:

“Here on Earth, we’ll feel the wind of the ejected gases, sweeping past slowly – at first ( a mere 5-miles per second ) – and then picking up speed as the spasms continue to eventually reach 1,000-miles per second. The remnant Sun will rise as a dot ( no larger than Venus ) of intensely ( more brilliant than 100 present-Suns ) hot ( hotter than any welder’s torch ) light colored ‘blue-white’. Light, from this ‘fiendish blue pinprick’, will braise the Earth and ‘tear apart its surface molecules and atoms’. A ‘new but very thin atmosphere’ ( of ‘free electrons’ ) will form, as the Earth’s surface turns to dust.”

[ IMAGE ( above ): AMS-02 space-based monitoring Very-High-Energy ( VHE ) Gamma-Ray Photon Particles ( “Cosmic Rays” – invisible  to the naked eye ) pulse out-of Blue Galaxies across space as ‘bright blue-white pin-pricks of light’ that are ‘planetary atmosphere killers’ that scatter enroute  to a planetary surface like Earth’s ( Click on image to enlarge ). ]

[ IMAGE ( above ): Galactic Center depicting Centaurus A and more. Click on image to enlarge. ]

Looking Through Different Glasses

Early Vatican Telescopes ( also known as )  “Lookers”

Vatican Observatories

The world’s oldest and largest astrological telescope ( above ) was operated from the Vatican Observatory within the Vatican summer home (  in Castel Gandolfo, Italy – below ) for all Holy Roman Catholic Church Popes.

Earliest Vatican Astrological Observatory

[ IMAGE ( above ): Color image of earliest Vatican Observatory ( Castel Gandolfo, Italy ) plus black and white image of its Specola Tower section. ( Click on images to enlarge ) ]

Current Vatican Astronomical Observatory & LUCIFER Telescope

Vatican Cosmic Secret

The Vatican has several observatory telescopes, the most of which is depicted ( immediately above ), the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) is world renowned for having installed the first L.U.C.I.F.E.R. ( LUCIFER ) mirror prototype in its observatory atop Mt. Graham in Arizona ( USA ) adjacent to Steward Observatory Telescope housing the ’other’ “Large binocular telescope near-infrared Utility with camera and Integral Field unit for Extragalactic Research” ( LUCIFER ), a twin horned mirror system believed monitoring a deep-space advanced program secret, believed to be the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS-02 ) – recently placed permanently outside the International Space Station ( ISS ) in connection with the ground-based CERN project in Europe.

What deep space project could possibly be so important requiring billions during a global econ0mic crisis?

Why deep space project requires so much secrecy too surrounding what exactly observatory telescope mirrors are all working on?

Why are two ( 2 ) observatories, located right next to each other ( on the same mountain top ), looking into deep space?

Why the Vatican? Why use multiple millions of dollars taken from parishoner money donations to feed the poor and homeless around the world and instead fund a deep space observatory telescope looking into thin air at something we on Earth are helpless to do anything about while people are starving to death around the world? Sound cruel?

Why the U.S. government? Why use multiple millions of American citizen taxpayer monies to do the same thing the Vatican is doing when people are living in unsanitary conditions, lack medical supplies and dying from disease around the world, but who is feeding whom?

For what or whose end purpose is this serving? The ‘people’s? God’s? Alien’s? Come on, get real. Things like this do not occur – unless there is an Earth shattering global reason for doing this so, what is the public ‘not being told about’ ?

Why are ‘both deep-space astronomical observatory telescopes’  shrouded in secrecy?

What do they call ‘taking billions in monies from investors without informing shareholders what their money is being used-for’ considered?

What are the facts?

[ PHOTO ( above ) : Same position but using ‘optical imaging’ one can still see the Very-High-Energy ( VHE ) gamma-ray photons streaming out of Galactic Center of Universe near Centaurus A, but is this VHE gamma-ray photon burst ‘killer of atmospheres’ headed toward Earth? If so, when will it arrive on Earth? ( Click on image to enlarge ) ]

Deep Space Observatory Telescope FACT

The Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescope Array ( CTA ) [ NOTE: begun in 1992, as the HEGRA Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope System ] is designated a large ground-based telescope array for deep space projects detecting ‘blue flashes of Cerenkov radiation’ caused by ‘Very-High-Energy’ ( VHE ) ’gamma-ray photons’, that kill planetary atmosphere, from certain distant galaxies.

The Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System [ AGIS ], U.S. version, was considered too expensive ( more than $400,000,000 million ) so, the U.S. was to share costs and operations of CTA designed to explore a wide variety of particle accelerators in the Universe, from nearby :

Galaxies ( clusters ); Gamma Ray ( bursts ); Galactic Nuclei ( active ); Stellar Winds; Pulsars; Supernova; and, Micro – Quasars.

[ IMAGE ( above ): Astroparticle Physics – Very High Energy ( VHE ) gamma-ray photon particle atmosphere killers and gravitational wave messenger deflector arrays. Click on image to enlarge ). ]

The FACT Project

In 2010, FACT consisted of a new technology camera mounted at the focus of one ( 1 ) of the former HEGRA telescopes so, the Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescope Array ( CTA ) is becoming an Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope ( IACT ).

G-APDs [ Geiger-mode Avalanche PhotoDiodes ] have more robust efficiency detecting photons coming from galaxies, and the first G-APD [ Geiger-mode Avalanche PhotoDiodes ] Cherenkov Telescope ( FACT ) is a joint effort of two ( 2 ) countries ( e.g. Switzerland and Germany ) with contributions from a variety of institutes, including:

ETH Zürich; TU Dortmund; ISDC ( INTEGRAL Science Data Centre for Astrophysics – Versoix, Switzerland ); EPFL; Humboldt-Universität Berlin; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Technische Universität Dortmund; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Universität Hamburg; MPI für Kernphysik, Heidelberg; Landessternwarte Heidelberg; MPI für Physik, München; Universität Potsdam; Universität Tübingen; Universität Würzburg; and, Deutsches-Elektronen-Synchrotron ( DESY ) Zeuthen ( Hamburg, Germany ); and, More

Deep space observations trigger follow-up ‘observations of extragalactic blue flares’ from telescopes with ‘higher sensitivity’, e.g. MAGIC, VERITAS, and HESS.

[ PHOTO ( above ) : Vatican Observatory (also known as ) Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) near Safford, Arizona, USA. ]

VATT

The Holy Roman Catholic Church Vatican placed its U.S. based astronomical observatory telescope – known as the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) – near Safford, Arizona high atop Mount Graham off highway State Route 366 ( SR 366 ) in the middle of the desert ( see photo above ). While VATT saw some U.S. controversy, even more questions now are beginning to surface.

Vatican Observatory History –

[ PHOTO ( above ) : Vatican Observatory ( near Castel Gandolfo, Italy – the Summer residence of Popes for decades ). ]

Directed by the Jesuits, the Holy Roman Catholic Church ‘astronomical telescope observatory’ had been ‘headquartered’ near the ‘Summer residence of the Popes’ at Castel Gandolfo, Italy where the Vatican Observatory has remained one of the ‘oldest astronomical research institutions in the World’, however today – according to Vatican officials – it now remains only a “historical point of Vatican astronomical investigation reference.”

[ IMAGE ( above ): Vatican Observatory at Papal Gardens, 1-mile south of Castel Gondolfo, Italy ( click to enlarge ) ]

Vatican Observatory New Headquarters Center –

In 2009, about 1-mile ‘south’ of the Summer residence of the Popes ( Castel Gandolfo, Italy ), the Holy Roman Catholic Church publicly announced its ‘new center’, providing:

– Jesuit community space separate from students and researchers; – Library; – Conference room; and, – More classrooms.

The Papal Gardens ( 1-mile south of Castel Gandolfo, Italy ) is where another Vatican Observatory is located. The dome ( image immediately above – on left ) is where the 26-inch ( 65 centimeter ) diameter f/3.7 Schmidt telescope is located, and the other dome ( image immediately above – on right ) is where the Carte du Ciel telescope is located.

[ PHOTO ( above ): Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) Observatory atop Mt. Graham near Safford, Arizona, USA. ]

Vatican Observatory USA

The Holy Roman Catholic Church Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ), is located in yet another Vatican Observatory and this one is located in the United States desert region near Safford, Arizona atop the wintertime snow capped peak known as Mount Graham ( Mt. Graham ) whereon it additionally hosts the Steward Observatory.

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Source: UA News – University of Arizona ( Tucson, Arizona, USA )

Cardinal Who Oversees The Vatican Observatory Will Visit Tucson by, Lori Stiles ( Office of Communications – University of Arizona )

January 28, 2009

Catholic church Cardinal Lajolo will visit Vatican astronomers at the University of Arizona. His Eminence Giovanni Lajolo – president of the Pontifical Commission for the Vatican State city in Italy – will visit the offices of the Vatican Observatory Research Group ( VORG ) at the University of Arizona ( UA ) Steward Observatory while in Tucson, Arizona next month ( February 2009 ). Being the executive in charge, of day-to-day running of the Vatican City, Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo reports about the Vatican Observatory directly to His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI.

Vatican astronomers announced his ( Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo ) visit, which will occur February 26, 2009 through February 28, 2009. While in Tucson, Cardinal Lajolo is set to visit the University of Arizona ( UA ) on February 26, 2009. Cardinal Lajolo will also attend the Vatican Observatory Foundation Board meeting, annual seminar and awards dinner during his stay, said Vatican astronomers.

Cardinal Lajolo’s visit coincides with the International Year of Astronomy 2009, and “signifies the unique interest which the Holy See has towards its scientific research institute” based in Tucson, Arizona,” Vatican Observatory Director José Funes, S.J. ( Society of Jesus / a Jesuit priest ) and Vatican Observatory Public Relations Coordinator Guy Consolmagno, S.J. ( Society of Jesus / a Jesuit priest ), said in a news announcement.

“We have enjoyed an extremely productive collaboration with the Vatican Observatory in astronomical research and education for almost 30-years,” said Steward Observatory director Peter Strittmatter – professor of astronomy for the University of Arizona Regents.

Peter Strittmatter additionally noted that Steward Observatory University of Arizona faculty members have participated in the Vatican Observatory Summer Schools and that Vatican Observatory astronomers contribute to the University of Arizona astronomy education program. “We are delighted that Cardinal Lajolo will be visiting the UA campus to see for himself the excellent research environment which the Vatican Observatory Research Group ( VORG ) enjoys at Steward Observatory,” Strittmatter said.

In 1582, the era of Pope Gregory who reformed the calendar, the origin of the Vatican Observatory has been traced back that far as ‘one of the oldest astronomical observatories in the world’.

In 1935, the Vatican Observatory was headquartered at all Pope’s summer home in Castel Gandolfo, Italy.

In 1980, the Vatican Observatory opened its ‘dependent research center’ known as the Vatican Observatory Research Group ( VORG ) to take advantage of the world renowned astronomical facilities in southern Arizona ( USA ) where VORG is based at Steward Observatory ( part of the University of Arizona ).

In 1986, the University of Arizona astronomy faculty began helping teach many Vatican Observatory summer schools ( Castel Gandolfo, Italy ).

In 1993, Vatican astronomers inaugurated the Lennon Telescope ( 1.8 meters in diameter ) in southeastern Arizona with the Vatican adjoining Thomas J. Bannan Astrophysics Facility – altogether known as the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) located within the Mount Graham International Observatory ( MGIO ) complex.

The Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) is a major Vatican astronomical tool used to study planetary sciences, stellar astronomy, extragalactic astronomy and cosmology.

The Steward Observatory Mirror Laboratory ( Tucson, Arizona ) giant rotating furnace casted and polished ( using ‘stressed lap technology’ ) the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) observatory mirror, that was the ‘L.U.C.I.F.E.R. mirror prototype’ for the Large Binocular Telescope ( LBT ) as well as other world class telescopes.

Jusuit priests Jose Funes and Guy Consolmagno said that during the Cardinal Lajolo ( who speaks Italian, German, English and French ) visit to the U.S., he will meet with the University of Arizona ‘technical staff responsible for developing’ the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ), and then will later travel to Washington, D.C. where on March 2, 2009 – at the Apostolic Nunciature – he will attend a reception hosted by the Vatican ambassador ( i.e. Papal Nuncio ) to the United States of America.

The Vatican Observatory ( also known as ) “Specola Vaticana” is organizing special events during the 2009 International Year of Astronomy, and one ( 1 ) event involves several University of Arizona astronomy faculty members in June 2009 for a 1-week long international symposium attracting past participants and alumni of Vatican Observatory summer schools ( Castel Gandolfo, Italy ) to discuss 21st Century roles of astronomers, astronomy and ongoing research projects.

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[ PHOTO ( above ): “Large binocular telescope near-infrared Utility with camera and Integral Field unit for Extragalactic Research” ( LUCIFER ) twin horned mirrors ( Top View ) inside the Large Binocular Telescope ( LBT ) at Steward Observatory ( click to enlarge ) ]

[ PHOTO ( above ): “Large binocular telescope near-infrared Utility with camera and Integral Field unit for Extragalactic Research” ( LUCIFER ) twin horned mirrors ( Side View ) for the Large Binocular Telescope ( LBT ) at Steward Observatory ( click to enlarge ) ]

Mt. Graham LUCIFER Mirrors –

On April 22, 2010 Steward Observatory conducted a ‘press tour’ allowing only a select few people ’inside’ to view the ‘red color twin horn mounted’ high-technology telescope mirrors curiously named, the: ”Large binocular telescope near-infrared Utility with camera and Integral Field unit for Extragalactic Research” ( also known as ) ”LUCIFER” ( also known as ) ”Large Binocular Telescope” ( LBT ).

Upon Steward Observatory press guests being escorted ‘outside’ and up a hill to a key ’observation point’ overlooking a picturesque landscape looking downward just beyond and a little to the left of Steward Observatory ( with LUCIFER inside ), just above tree-top level appears an arch that glistens like silver under Sun whereupon the Steward Observatory guide asked the press group if they had any questions.

One press guest woman asked, “Do you see that archway there?”

The Steward Observatory press guide replied, “That silver thing? ( followed by a short delay ) That’s the Vatican telescope.”

Beginning at approximately 1-minute and 35-seconds into an official Steward Observatory Large Binocular Telescope ( LBT ) color video clip ( immediately below ) of the aforementioned press tour, the aforementioned question and answer is heard in-addition to visual film footage documentation of the location and proximity of the Vatican Observatory in relationship to its LUCIFER mirror LBT information sharing neighbor of the Steward Observatory ( see immediately below ):

[ VIDEO ( above ): Click on image ( above ) to start playing ‘this official color video clip’. ]

Cloaked under the Thomas J. Bannan Astrophysics Facility named ”Mount Graham International Observatory” ( MGIO ), the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) is a 1.8-meter telescope located inside this Mt. Graham mountain Vatican Observatory near Safford, Arizona.

Extragalactic Research –

[ IMAGE ( above ): Gravitational Lensing – Color Diagramatic ( click to enlarge ) ]

Mount Graham International Observatory ( MGIO ) –

America’s southwest State of Arizona Coronado National Forest Pinaleño Mountains highest peak is known as “Mount Graham” ( also known as ) “High Peak” reaching an elevation of 10,720 feet ( 3,267 meters ) within the County of Graham. Mt. Graham summits are headwaters for numerous perennial streams running through five ( 5 ) major botanical zones.

In 1988, the U.S. Congress authorized construction of astronomical telescope observatories on Mt. Graham where some of the clearest skies in the world exist and precisely where the Mount Graham International Observatory ( MGIO ) exists, e.g. Vatican Observatory – Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ), Steward Observatory – Large Binocular Telescope ( LBT – LUCIFER ) and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope – LSST, Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope ( HHST ),  and where multiple organizations have also set up large astronomical telescopes in a few separate observatories that were authorized by a U.S. Congress ‘rare peace time waiver of United States environmental laws’.

Mount Graham International Observatory ( MGIO ) is opposed by environmental groups, including the Sierra Club, because Mt. Graham higher elevations are considered the last remaining habitat for the endangered species known as the Mount Graham Red squirrel. Mt. Graham was biologically isolated for thousands of years with its higher elevation providing refuge for surviving populations of plants and animals with adaptive root strategies dating back to environmental conditions of the Pleistocene Ice Age ( 2,000,000 million years ago ) where today there still exists old growth forest stands of the oldest conifer trees in the southwest United States as well as associated habitats for threatened and endangered species.

In 1993, at the base of Mt. Graham, St. Paisius Orthodox Monastery was founded.

There has also been outcry from four ( 4 ) federally recognized Native American indian tribes of the Western Apache Nation and other Native American groups whom consider the site of Mt. Graham to be sacred. Mt. Graham is near the northern limit of the Chiricahua Apache Native American homeland and southern margins of Western Apache territory, the range is one of the Western Apache’s four ( 4 ) holiest mountains – considered sacred by all regional Native people. Mt. Graham is located between the southern Rocky Mountain range of America and the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range of Mexico.

Steward Observatory – Astronomy Observatory Gatekeeper –

Steward Observatory, however hosts the “Vatican Observatory Research Group” at the University of Arizona ( UofA ), in-addition to other Arizona astronomical observatories that, include:

– Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) at Vatican Observatory ( Arizona, USA ); – Large Binocular Telescope Observatory ( LBT ) at Steward Observatory ( Arizona, USA ); – Large Synoptic Survey Telescope ( LSST ) at Steward Observatory ( Arizona, USA ); – Multiple Mirror Telescope Observatory ( MMT ) at MMT Observatory ( Arizona, USA ); and, – Kitt Peak National Observatory ( Arizona, USA ).

Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope ( VATT ) telescope mirrors were fabricated in Germany based on information supplied from the Steward Observatory Mirror Laboratory in Arizona, USA and elsewhere.

Steward Observatory hosts the ‘twin’ LUCIFER mirrors referred to as the observatory of the World famous Large Binocular Telescope ( LBT ) consisting of two ( 2 ) 8.4 meter ( 27.6 foot ) diameter mirror telescopes brought into existence by the LARGE BINOCULAR TELESCOPE CORPORATION list of sponsors ( below ):

– RESEARCH CORPORATION FOR SCIENCE ADVANCEMENT ( Ohio, USA ); – LANDENSTERNWARTE ( Heidelberg, GERMANY ); – LBT Beteiligungsgesellschaft ( GERMANY ); – Max Planck Institut fur Astronomie ( Heidelberg, GERMANY ); – Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam ( GERMANY ); – Max Planck Institut fur Extraterrestriche Physik ( Munich, GERMANY ); – Max Planck Institut fur Radioastronomie ( Bonn, GERMANY ); – Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( ITALY ); – University of Ohio ( Ohio, USA ); – University of Virginia ( Virginia, USA ); – University of Notre Dame ( Indiana, USA ); – University of Minnesota ( Minnesota, USA ); – University of Arizona ( Arizona, USA ); – Arizona State University ( Arizona, USA ); and, – Northern Arizona University ( Arizona, USA ).

LUCIFER telescope mirror cameras are, for:

– Direct Imaging ( DI ); – Long Slit Spectroscopy ( LSS ); and, – Multi-Object Spectroscopy ( MOS ).

Vatican Observatory LUCIFER Telescope Worries Confused Catholics –

Holy Roman Catholic Church faith may be slowly redefining its postion on ’extraterrestrial life forms’ ( alien beings / biological entities ) as God’s children too, according to Jesuit priests studying Vatican Observatory information on the Universe, now surfacing into what has become an international religious controversy.

For centuries Catholics, led by priests teaching, parishoners were taught ‘they were the only children in the Universe put on Earth by God’, however now with the Vatican recognizing that just 10-years ago ( 1999 ) the Universe for some unknown reason is ‘expanding’ are considering there may be ’other life forms’ ( alien beings ) as well as Earthling human beings sprinkled throughout the Universe from God. ( see video clips below ):

Vatican Chief Astronomer Catholic Jesuit Father Jose Gabriel Funes ( below ):

Vatican Catholic Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo ( below ):

Vatican Curia ( Governing Body ) Catholic Monsignor Corrado Balducci ( below ):

Vatican expert and noted author Catholic Father Malachi Martin ( below ):

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Vatican Official Declares On National Television: Extraterrestrial Contact Is Real by, Richard Boylan, Ph.D.

June, 1999

Monsignor Corrado Balducci ( seen in video immediately above ), a theologian member of the Vatican Curia ( governing body ), and an insider close to the Pope, has gone on Italy national television five ( 5 ) times, including recent months, to proclaim that extraterrestrial contact is a real phenomenon.

Monsignor Balducci provided an analysis of extraterrestrials that he feels is consistent with the Catholic Church understanding of theology, emphasizing that extraterrestrial encounters “are NOT demonic, they are not due to psychological impairment, they are not a case of entity attachment, but these encounters deserve to be studied carefully.”

Since Monsignor Balducci is a demonology expert and consultant to the Vatican, and since the Catholic Church has historically demonized many new phenomena that were poorly understood, Balducci’s stating the Church does not censure these encounters is all the more remarkable.

Corrado Balducci revealed to a visiting professional from America that the Vatican is closely following this phenomenon quietly.

Speculation originally surmised the Vatican was receiving much information about extraterrestrials and their contacts with humans from its Nunciatures ( embassies ) in various countries, however subsequent information indicates Monsignor Corrado Balducci received his cases from other sources.

Monsignor Balducci is a member of a group acting as consultants to the Vatican on various matters concerning humans in possible contact with supernatural beings, and as such, the matter of extraterrestrial encounters would fall within their purview, and possibly as well the spiritual significance of the emerging general realization of extraterrestrial contact.

Parallel information from National Security Council ( NSC ) scientist Dr. Michael Wolf, a member of the NSC’s SSG subcommittee for managing the UFO phenomenon, as well as from noted author and Vatican expert Father Malachi Martin, suggests the Vatican is concerned it will have a major doctrinal updating situation on its hands when extraterrestrial contact becomes authoritatively announced by world governments over the next several years.

Parenthetically, it can be observed the Vatican Curia member declarations on Italy national television represent technically the first ( 1st ) declaration by an official of a major power government ( Vatican ), even if “speaking as an individual”, that extraterrestrial contact is real and happening – deserves serious study.

Whitley Strieber has just come out with a new book, “Confirmation”, which features an interview, in which Monsignor Balducci makes additional striking comments about the extraterrestrials as probably superior spiritual beings.

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According to a recent Steward Observatory ( Safford, Arizona, USA ) film, the Universe was only 10-years ago just discovered to be “expanding” in 1999.

In 1999, Jesuit Priest Malachi Martin, a 30-year Vatican commentator and advisor of three ( 3 ) Popes was interviewed and asked ‘why’ The Holy Roman Catholic Church Vatican built a multi-million dollar astronomy observatory in Arizona – in connection with the University of Arizona ( UofA ). Rev. Fr. Malachi Martin said, “The mentality, amongst those who are at the higher level, of Vatican Administration know that now the knowledge of what’s going on in space – and what’s approaching us – could be of great importance in the next five ( 5 ) to ten ( 10 ) years ( i.e. 2004 to 2010 ).

What was ‘it’ that theVaticanbegan preparing for 10-years ago in 1999?

Why is much of the Vatican Observatory prohibited from access?

Why is the University of Arizona ( UofA ) being allowed to be used by the Vatican?

Theories abound with speculation over several mysteries. From recent revelations to the public from Jesuit priests speaking about extraterrestrial matters to the relatively new Vatican Observatory information being fed through the Steward Observatory red-colored twin horned mirrors named LUCIFER atop the same mountain inArizonawhere they both are located.

There are more people growing convinced each day, based on new revelations, this all has something to do with an “Earth Event” coming that is being kept quiet from the public by governments. People that are rich and educated to those poor with little education are labeled by governments as being ”conspiracy theorists” and/or “doomsday sayers.”

You be the judge ( color video clip samples below ):

Multiplex Technology – used in the LUCIFER mirrors of the Large Binocular Telescope ( LBT ) inside the Steward Observatory – was ‘developed’ at Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics ( Munich, GERMANY ), and these specially designed mirrors possess an inherent adapatability design feature allowing the mirrors to ‘grow’ even-more technologically advanced than they already are today.

In early 2011, an Adaptive Optic Secondary Mirror System ( AOSMS ) instrument for a 36-inch diameter by ( x ) 1.6 millimeter thick mirror for use on ”defraction-limited” cases was to be added at Steward Observatory.

New Catholic “Scientific-Religion” or Vatican Style Scientology?

In 1990, the Vatican Observatory ( VO ) together with its 25-year old Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences ( CTNS ) co-sponsored a series of international research ventures in a Joint Program known as its Scientific Perspectives on Divine Action ( SPDA ) that began engaging relationships with some of the most respected and well-known research on “theology” and “natural sciences,” however the Vatican Observatory and CTNS continued their Scientific Perspectives on Divine Action ( SPDA ) Program mission through another CTNS-VO collaboration project that was ‘moving behind and prior-to’ their already widely discussed problem of theodicy – namely within the context of “moral evil” they now cite as having somehow been “routinely overlooked” so, they are now identifying “natural evil,” as:

– Suffering; – Disease; – Death; – Extinction; and, – More.

The Vatican Observatory ( VO ) and Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences ( CTNS ) feel ‘these aforementioned problems’ are targeted better at the level of ‘physics’ and ‘cosmology’ where CTNS-VO now cites “natural evil” as being the ‘refiguration-of’ and ‘precondition-for’ being the “moral evil” underlying the structures within the ‘fundamental laws of nature’ they now predict is ‘moving into’ “evolution” and “genetics” as being “biological roots of moral evil.”

“Science” and “Religion” separately no more, according to the Vatican Observatory ( VO ) a “Science-Religion” has been developed by its Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences ( CTNS ) continually attracting ‘theologians’, ‘religious scholars’, ‘ethicists’, ‘philosophers’, ‘historians’ and ‘natural scientists’ in discussions the Vatican Observatory ( VO ) believes is fostering a ‘new legacy of mutually enriching scholarship’ with the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences ( CTNS ) to continually serve as the ‘foundation’ for a “Science-Religion.”

[ IMAGE ( above ): Galileo Galilei. ]

Galileo Galilei, the 17th century Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution, scored achievements including improvements to the ‘telescope’ and consequential astronomical observations. Galileo also supported Copernicanism ( Copernicus ).

Galileo was called the “father of modern observational astronomy”, the “father of modern physics”, the “father of science”, and “the father of modern science.” After 1610, however Galileo began publicly supporting the view of ‘heliocentricism’ – placing the Sun at the center of the Universe – and that met with bitter opposition from members of the Catholic Church clergy whom denounced Galileo during the Roman Inquisition in early 1615. In February 1616, the Catholic Church condemned Galileo as being “false and contrary to Scripture.” Galileo defended his heliocentric viewpoint by publishing ( 1632 ) his “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems,” which the Roman Inquisition tried Galileo for. Galileo was found “vehemently suspect of heresy” and Galileo was sentenced to life imprisonment under house arrest.

The new Catholic science-religion appears still shrouded in secrecy, with speculation about its new name or just where it plans on taking the rest of Catholicism. Some suggest the new Catholic identifier may become known as Cathocosmologists, Cathoastrophysicists, but more outcry will surface as Papal authorities lean toward cannonizing Saint Galileo.

Some believe the Catholic Church will begin baptizing its ‘New Order’ sect – undoubtedly selected ‘highly-esteemed professional science-religionologists’ that will become known as Catho-AstroPhysicists, Catho-BioGeneticists, et al.

The Catholic Church radical departure away from traditional Roman Catholicism is a trend cleverly and subtly designed to lead followers away from their belief that “God is the center of the Universe.”

Many in the world today are eyeing all this very suspiciously and vowing ‘not’ to be caught, as the Vatican Observatory cites, ‘somehow overlooking’ any ‘moral evil’ albeit pontificated by the Vatican or any other global government of decisionmakers.

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Concept Activity Research Vault E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

References

http://newsinfo.nd.edu/news/19059-large-binocular-telescope-director-speaks-on-latest-astronomy-research/ http://www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de/news/lbt-comm.php?lang=en http://baryon.as.arizona.edu/ http://erc.nd.edu/blogs/krueff/2010/03/ http://www.lbto.org http://www.mmto.org http://www.noao.edu/kpno/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Graham http://www.greatdreams.com/ufos/vatican.htm http://uanews.org/node/23655 http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1000015.htm http://www.ctns.org/research.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei

Earth Event Alerts

Earth Event Alerts

[ IMAGE ( above ): IBM Stratus and Cirrus supercomputers analyze Global Environmental Intelligence ( click to enlarge ) ]

Earth Event Alerts

by, Kentron Intellect Research Vault [ E-MAIL: KentronIntellectResearchVault@Gmail.Com ]

August 17, 2012 19:00:42 ( PST ) Updated ( Originally Published: March 23, 2011 )

MARYLAND, Fort George G. Meade – August 17, 2012 – IBM Stratus and IBM Cirrus supercomputers as well as CRAY XK6m and CRAY XT5 ( Jaguar ) massive parallel supercomputers and vector supercomputers are securely controlled via the U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) for analyzing Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) data extracted from ground-based ( terrestrial ) monitoring stations and space-based ( extraterrestrial ) spaceborne platforms studying Earth Event ( Space Weather ) effects via High-Performance Computing ( HPC ) as well as, for:

– Weather Forecasting ( including: Space Weather ); – U.S. Government Classified Projects; – Scientific Research; – Design Engineering; and, – Other Research.

[ IMAGE ( above ): CRAY XK6m supercomputers analyze Global Environmental Intelligence ( click to enlarge ) ]

CRAY INC. largest customers are U.S. government agencies, e.g. the U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) and the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) Oak Ridge National Laboratory ( ORNL ), which accounts for about 3/4 of revenue for CRAY INC. – as well as other supercomputers used worldwide by academic institutions ( universities ) and industrial companies ( private-sector firms ).

CRAY INC. additionally provides maintenance, support services and sells data storage products from partners ( e.g. BlueArc, LSI and Quantum ).

Supercomputer competitors, of CRAY INC., are:

– IBM; – HEWLETT-PACKARD; and, – DELL.

On May 24, 2011 CRAY INC. announced its new CRAY XK6 supercomputer, a hybrid supercomputing system combining its Gemini InterConnect, AMD Opteron™ 6200 Series processors ( code-named: InterLagos ) and NVIDIA Tesla 20 Series GPUs into a tightly integrated upgradeable supercomputing system capable of more than 50 petaflops ( i.e. ‘quadrillions of computing operations’ per ‘second’ ), a multi-purpose supercomputer designed for the next-generation of many-core High Performance Computing ( HPC ) applications.

The SWISS NATIONAL SUPERCOMPUTING CENTRE ( CSCS ) – located in Manno, Switzerland – is the CRAY INC. first ( 1st ) customer for the new CRAY XK6 system. CSCS ( Manno, Switzerland ) promotes and develops technical and scientific services in the field of High-Performance Computing ( HPC ) for the Swiss research community, and is upgrading its CRAY XE6m system ( nick-named: Piz Palu ) into a multiple cabinet new CRAY XK6 supercomputer. The SWISS NATIONAL SUPERCOMPUTING CENTRE ( CSCS ) supports scientists working, in:

– Weather Forecasting; – Physics; – Climatology; – Geology; – Astronomy; – Mathematics; – Computer Sciences; – Material Sciences; – Chemistry; – Biology; – Genetics; and, – Experimental Medicine.

Data additionally analyzed by these supercomputers, include:

– Ultra-Deep Sea Volcanoes located in continental plate fracture zones several miles beneath ocean basin areas ( e.g. Asia-Pacific Rim also known as the “Pacific Ring of Fire” where a circum-Pacific seismic belt of earthquakes frequently impact areas far across the Pacific Ocean in the Americas ).

Global geoscience realizes Earth ‘ground movement shaking’ earthquakes hide alot, of what people are actually walking on-top-of, large geographic land mass areas known as ‘continental shelves’ or “continental plates” that move ( tectonics ) because of superheated pressurized extrasuperconducting magnetic energy properties released from within molten magma material violently exploding beneath the surface of the Earth down in ultra-deep seas.

[ IMAGE ( above ): Global Tectonic Plate Boundaries & Major Volcano HotSpots ( click to enlarge ) ]

Significant volcanoes are positioned like dots along this global 25,000-mile circular region known as the “Pacific Ring of Fire” extending from south of Australia up the ‘entire eastcoast’ of Japan, China and the Kamchatka Pennisula of Russia to across the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and then south down the ‘entire westcoast’ of North America and Latin America.

[ IMAGE ( above ): Ultra-Deep Sea Pacific Ocean Basin ( click to enlarge ) ]

March 11, 2011 Tohoku-chiho Taiheiyo-oki Japan 9.0 earthquake held several secrets, including U.S. government contractors simultaneously monitoring a significant ”moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) Earth Event occurring parallel to the eastcoast of Japan beneath the Western Pacific Ocean where an entire suboceanic mountain range was being split in-half ( south to north ) 310-miles long and split open 100-feet wide ( east to west ), which the public was unaware of nor were they told details about.

Interestingly, the March 11, 2011 Japan island earthquakes have not yet stopped, as the swarm of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 Richter scale earthquakes continue as a direct and proximate cause of erupting ‘suboceanic volcanoes‘ moving these large “plates” beginning to force yet others to slam into one another thousands of miles away.

Japan’s Western Pacific Ocean ‘eastcoast’ has a ’continental plate’ slamming point meeting the ’westcoast’ of North America near the Cascade mountain range ‘plate’ reacting in one ( 1 ) of two ( 2 ) ways, i.e. ’seaward’ ( plate thrusting toward Japan ) or ‘landward’ ( plate thrusting toward the Pacific Northwest ) of the United States and/or Canada.

What The Public Never Knew

Government leadership, globally, is acutely familiar with these aforementioned types of major Earth Events, including ‘monstrous plate tectonic pushing matches’, which usually collapse one or more ‘national infrastructures’ and typically spells ‘death’ and ‘serious injuries’ for populations in developed areas.

Extremely familiar with mass public panic resulting from Earth Event catastrophes, government ‘contingency actions’ pre-approved by ‘governing bodies’ and/or ‘national leadership’ Executive Order Directives, which although not advertised is a matter of public record, ‘immediately calls’ upon ‘all military forces’ to carry-out “risk reduction” ( ‘minimization of further damages and dangers’ ) through what is referred to as “mitigation” ( ‘disaster management’ ) within “National Disaster Preparedness Planning” ( ‘national contingency measures’ ) details citizens are unaware-of. Government decision-makers know a “national emergency can bring temporary suspension of Constitutional Rights and a loss of freedoms – a volatile subject few care to discuss because ’any significant natural disaster’ will result in government infringment on many civil liberties most populations are accustomed to enjoying.

Before 1-minute and 40-seconds had passed into the March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake ( Richter scale: M 9.0 ), key U.S. government decision-makers discussed the major Earth Event unfolding off Japan’s eastcoast Plate-Boundary subduction zone beneath the ultra-deep sea of the Western Pacific Ocean where Japan’s monstrous volcano mountain range had split at least 100-feet wide open and cracked 310-miles long in a northern direction headed straight for the Aleutian Islands of Alaska in the United States.

U.S. Military Contingent Standby “Red Alert” Notification

U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Communications Directorate ( A6 ) ‘provides support’ over ‘daily operations’, ‘contingency actions’ and ‘general’ Command, Control, Communication and Computer Intelligence ( C4I ) for the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) saw its 1st Weather Group ( 1ST WXG ) Directorate ready its USAFWAWXGOWS 25th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base ( Tucson, Arizona ) responsibile for conjuntive communication notification issuance of an Earth Event “Red Alert” immediately issued directly to U.S. Army Western Command ( WESTCOM ) with a “Standby-Ready” clause pausing Western Region ( CONUS ) mobilization of Active, Reserve and National Guard military forces at specific installations based on the Japan Earth Event “moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) Plate-Boundary consequential rebound expected to strike against the North America westcoast Plate-Boundary of the Cascadia Range reactionarily triggering its subduction zone into a Cascadia ‘great earthquake’.

CALTECH Public News Suppression Of Major Earth Event

Officials, attempting to diminish any clear public understanding of the facts only knowing a Richter scale level earthquake ‘magnitude’ ( never knowing or hearing about what a major Earth Event “moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) entailed ), only served-up ‘officially-designed double-speak psycho-babble terms’ unfamiliar to the public as ‘creative attention distraction’ announcing the “Japan earthquake experienced,” a:

– “Bilateral Rupture;” and,

– “Slip Distribution.”

The facts are that, the Japan ‘earthquake’ would ‘never have occurred’, ‘unless’:

1ST – “Bilateral Rupture” ( ‘suboceanic subterranean tectonic plate split wide open  ) occurred; followed by,

2ND – “Slip Distribution” ( ‘tectonic plate movement’ ); then finally,

3RD – “Ground Shaking” ( ‘earthquake’ ) response.   Officials failed the public without any notification a major Earth Event “moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) on the “Pacific Ring of Fire” ( circum-Pacific seismic belt ) in the Western Pacific Ocean had a, huge:

1. Continental Plate Break Off;

3. Undersea Plate Mountain Range Crack Wide Open; plus,

2. Mountain Range Split Open 310-Miles Long.

There are some, laying at rest, that might ‘not consider’ the aforementioned three ( 3 ) major Earth Event occurences significant, except those ‘still living’ on Earth.

Asia-Pacific Rim

This western Pacific Ocean huge ‘undersea mountain range’ moved ‘east’, crushing into the smaller portion of its tectonic plate’ toward the continent of Asia, which commenced continous streams of day and night significant earthquakes still registering 5.0 + and 6.0 + according to Richter scale levels of magnitude now and for over 12-days throughout the area surrounding Japan, the point nearest where the tectonic plate meets the continent of Asia within the western Pacific Ocean from where this ‘monstorous undersea mountain range’ suddenly split, sending the ‘eastern half’ – with the ‘tectonic plate’ broken beneath it – slamming into the continent of Asia.

Simultaneously pushed, even greater with more force outward ( note: explosives – like from out-of a cannon or from a force-shaped explosive – project blasts outward from the ‘initial explosive blast’ is blunted by a back-stop ) away-from the Asia continent, was this ‘monstorous undersea mountain range’ split-off ( 310-miles / 500-kilometers long ) ‘western half’ slammed west up against the Americas ‘western tectonic plates’ .

This ‘is’ the ‘major’ “Earth Event” that will have consequential global impact repurcussions, ‘officially minimized’ by ‘focusing public attention’ on a ‘surface’ Earth Event earthquake 9.0 Richter scale magnitude ( once ), while even further diminishing the hundreds of significant earthquakes that are still occuring 12-days after the initial earthquake.

Asia-Pacific Rim “Ring Of Fire”

Many are unaware the “Asia-Pacific Rim” is ( also known as ) the “Ring of Fire” whereunder the ”ultra-deep sea Pacific Ocean’ exists ‘numerous gigantic volatile volcanoes’ positioned in an ‘incredibly large circle’ ( “ring” ) around a ‘huge geographic land mass area’ comprised of ‘tectonic plates’ that ‘connect’ the ‘Eastern Asias’ to the ‘Western Americas’.

Yellowstone National Park Super Volcano

Many people are still wondering ‘why’ the Japan earthquakes have not yet stopped, and why they are being plagued by such a long swarm of siginificant earthquakes still to this very day nearly 60-days later. The multiple color video clips viewed ( below ) provides information on unusual earthquake swarm patterns and reversals while studying the World’s largest supervolcano in Wyoming ( USA ) located at Yellowstone National Park, a global public attraction viewing natural underground volcano steam vents known as geyser eruptions:

[ PHOTO ( above ): Major HotSpot at Yellowstone displays Half Dome cap of granite rock above unerupted volcano magma. ]

Ultra-Deep Sea Volcanoes

When huge undersea volcanoes erupt they dynamically force incredibly large geographic land mass plates to move whereupon simultaneously and consequentially movement is experienced on ‘surface land areas’ people know as ’earthquakes’ with their ’aftermath measurements’ provided in “Richter scale level” measurements that most do not understand. These Richter scale measurements are only ‘officially provided estimates’, as ’officials are never presented with totally accurate measurements’ because many of which are ‘not obtained with any great precision for up-to 2-years after the initial earthquake’.

Rarely are ‘precise measurements’ publicly provided, and at anytime during that 2-year interim the public may hear their previously reported earthquake Richter scale level measurement was either “officially upgraded” or “officially downgraded.” Often, this is apparently dependent when one sees ’many other countries contradicting U.S. public news announcements’ about the magnitude of a particularly controversial earthquake. An example of this was seen surrounding the March 12, 2011 earthquake in Japan:

– Japan 1st public announcement: 9.2 Richter scale;

– United States 1st public announcement: 8.9 Richter scale;

– United States 2nd public announcement: 9.0 Richter scale; and,

– United States 3rd public announcement: 9.1 Richter scale.

What will the March 12, 2011 Japan earthquake be officially reported as in 2-years? Who knows?

Never publicly announced, however are measurements of an earthquake ‘force strength pressure accumulation’ transmitted through suboceanic tectonic plates grinding against one another, a major Earth Event ‘geographic pushing process’, having been seen by U.S. NSA supercomputers from global ground and space-based monitoring analysis surrounding the “Asia-Pacific Rim Ring of Fire” – stretching from the ‘Eastern Asias’ to the ‘Western Americas’ and beyond.

This ‘domino plate tectonic principle’ results from combined amounts of ‘volcanic magmatic eruptive force strength’ and ‘tectonic plate accumulative pressure build-up’ against ‘adjacent tectonic plates’ causing ‘suboceanic, subterranean and surface land to move’ whereupon ‘how significant such amounts occur determines strength’ of both consequential ‘earthquakes’ and resultant ‘tsunamis’.

Waterway Tsunamis

When most of the public ‘hears about’ a “tsunami”, they ‘think’ ‘high waves’ near “ocean” coastal regions presented with significant floods over residents of cities nearby. Few realize the ‘vast majority of Earth’s population predominantly live all along ocean coastal regions. Few realize one ( 1 ) ‘gigantic tsunami’ could ‘kill vast populations living near oceans in the wake of popular beaches, a tough trade-off for some while logical others choose ‘living further inland’ – away from large bodies of water like ‘large lakes’ where ‘tide levels are also effected by the gravitational pull of the moon’ that can also can a ‘vast deep lake body’ bring a tsunami dependent on which direction tectonic plates move a ‘force directionalized earthquake’ creating a ‘tsunami’ with significant innundating floods over residents living in cities near those ‘large shoreline’ areas too.

What most of the public does not yet fully realize is that ‘large river bodies of water’, like the Mississippi River that is a ‘north’ to ‘south’ directional river’ could easily see ‘east to ‘west’ directional ‘tectonic plates’ move adjacent states – along the New Madrid Fault subduction zone – with significant ‘earthquakes’ – from tectonic plate movement easily capable of squeezing the side banks of even the Missippi River forcing huge amounts of water hurled out onto both ‘east’ and ‘west’ sides resulting in ‘seriously significant inland flooding’ over residents living in ‘low lying’ states of the Central Plains of the United States.

Japan “Pacific Ring Of Fire” Earthquakes To Americas Cascadia Fault Zone

Japan accounts, of a co-relative tsunami, suggest the Cascadia Fault rupture occurred from one ( 1 ) single earthquake triggering a 9-Mw Earth Event on January 26, 1700 where geological evidence obtained from a large number of coastal northern California ( USA ) up to southern Vancouver Island ( Canada ), plus historical records from Japan show the 1,100 kilometer length of the Cascadia Fault subduction zone ruptured ( split cauding that earthquake ) major Earth Event at that time. While the sizes of earlier Cascadia Fault earthquakes are unknown, some “ruptured adjacent segments” ( ‘adjacent tectonic plates’ ) within the Cascadia Fault subduction zone were created over periods of time – ranging from as little as ‘hours’ to ‘years’ – that has historically happened in Japan.

Over the past 20-years, scientific progress in understanding Cascadia Fault subduction zone behavior has been made, however only 15-years ago scientists were still debating whether ‘great earthquakes’ occured at ‘fault subduction zones’. Today, however most scientists realize ‘great earthquakes’ actually ‘do occur in fault subduction zone regions’.

Now, scientific discussions focus on subjects, of:

– Earth crust ‘structural changes’ when a “Plate Boundary” ruptures ( splits ) – Related tsunamis; – Seismogenic zone ( tectonic plate ‘locations’ and ‘width sizes’ ).

Japan America Earthquakes And Tsunamis Exchange

Great Cascadia earthquakes generate tsunamis, which most recently was at-least a ’32-foot high tidal wave’ onto the Pacific Ocean westcoast of Washington, Oregon, and California ( northern portion of state ), and that Cascadia earthquake tsunami sent a consequential 16-foot high todal wave onto Japan.

These Cascadia Fault subduction zone earthquake tsunamis threaten coastal communities all around the Pacific Ocean “Ring of Fire” but have their greatest impact on the United States westcoast and Canada being struck within ’15-minutes’ to ’40-minutes’ shortly ‘after’ a Cascadia Fault subduction zone earthquake occurs.

Deposits, from past Cascadia Fault earthquake tsunamis, have been identified at ‘numerous coastal sites’ in California, Oregon, Washington, and even as far ‘north’ as British Columbia ( Canada ) where distribution of these deposits – based on sophisticated computer software simulations for tsunamis – indicate many coastal communities in California, Oregon, Washington, and even as far ‘north’ as British Columbia ( Canada ) are well within flooding inundation zones of past Cascadia Fault earthquake tsunamis.

California, Oregon, Washington, and even as far ‘north’ as British Columbia ( Canada ) westcoast communities are indeed threatened by future tsunamis from Cascadia great earthquake event ‘tsunami arrival times’ are dependent on measuring the distance from the ‘point of rupture’ ( tectonic plate split, causing earthquake ) – within the Cascadia Fault subduction zone – to the westcoast “landward” side.

Cascadia Earthquake Stricken Damage Zone Data

Strong ground shaking from a “moment of magnitude” ( Mw ) “9″ Plate-Boundary earthquake will last 3-minutes or ‘more’, dominated by ‘long-periods of further earthquakes’ where ‘ground shaking movement damage’ will occur as far inland as the cities of Portland, Oregon; Seattle, Washington; and Vancouver, British Columbia ( Canada ).

Tsunami Optional Wave Patterns “Following Sea”

Large cities within 62-miles to 93-miles of the nearest point of the Cascadia Plate-Boundary zone inferred rupture, will not only experience ‘significant ground shaking’ but also experience ‘extreme duration ground shaking’ lasting far longer, in-addition to far more powerful tsunamis carrying far more seawater because of their consequential “lengthened  wave periods” ( ‘lengthier distances’ between ‘wave crests’ or ‘wave curls’ ) bringing inland akin to what fisherman describe as a deadly “following sea” ( swallowing everything within an ‘even more-so powerful waterpath’ ), the result of which inland causes ‘far more significant damage’ on many ‘tall buildings’ and ‘lengthy structures’ where ‘earthquake magnitude strength’ will be felt ‘strongest’ – all along the United States of America Pacific Ocean westcoast regional areas – experiencing ‘far more significant damage’.Data Assessments Of Reoccuring Cascadia Earthquakes

cascadia ‘great earthquakes’ “mean recurrence interval” ( ‘time period occuring between one earthquake with the next earthquake ) – specific ‘at the point’ of the Cascadia Plate-Boundary – time is between 500-years up-to 600-years, however Cascadia Fault earthquakes in the past have occurred well within the 300-year interval of even less time since the Cascadia ‘great earthquake’ of the 1700s. Time intervals, however between ‘successive great earthquakes’ only a few centuries up-to 1,000 years has little ‘well-measured data’ as to ‘reoccurance interval’ because the numbers of recorded Cascadia earthquakes have rarely measured over ‘five’ ( 5 ). Data additionally indicates Cascadia earthquake intermittancy with irregular intervals when they did occur, plus data lacks ‘random distribution’ ( ‘tectonic plate shift’ or ‘earth movement’ ) or ‘cluster’ of these Cascadia earthquakes over a lengthier period of time so ‘more accurate assessments are unavailable’ for knowning anything more about them. Hence, because Cascadia earthquake ‘recurrence pattern’ is so ‘poorly known’, knowing probabilities of the next Cascadia earthquake occurrence is unfortunately unclear with extremely sparse ‘interval information’ details.

Cascadia Plate-Boundary “Locked” And “Not Locked”

Cascadia Plate-Boundary zone is ‘currently locked’ off the U.S. westcoast shoreline where it has accumulating plate tectonic pressure build-up – from other tectonic plates crashing into it for over 300-years.

The Cascadia Fault subduction zone, at its widest point, is located northwest just off the coast of the State of Washington where the maximum area of seismogenic rupture is approximately 1,100 kilometers long and 50 kilometers up-to 150 kilometers wide. Cascadia Plate-Boundary seismogenic portion location and size data is key-critical for determining earthquake magnitude, tsunami size, and the strength of ground shaking.

Cascadia Plate-Boundary “landward limit” – of only its “locked” portion – where ‘no tectonic plate shift has yet to occur’ is located between the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate and North America tectonic plate were it came to be “locked” between Cascadia earthquakes, however this “ocked” notion has only been delineated from ‘geodetic measurements’ of ‘surface land deformation’ observations. Unfortunately, its “seaward limit” has ‘very few constraints’ up-to ‘no constraints’ for travelling – on its so-called “locked zone” portion – that could certainly move at any time.

Cascadia Plate Continues Sliding

Cascadia transition zone, separating its “locked zone” from its “continuous sliding zone” headed east into the continent of North America, is constrained ( held-back ) poorly so, Cascadia rupture may extend an unknown distance – from its now “locked zone” to its “continously sliding transition zone.”

On some Earth crust faults, near coastal regions, earthquakes may also experience ‘additional Plate-Boundary earthquakes’, ‘increased tsunami tidal wave size’ plus ‘intensification of local area ground shaking’.

Earth Event Mitigation Forces Global Money Flow

Primary ‘government purpose’ to ‘establishing international’ “risk reduction” is solely to ‘minimize global costs from damages’ associated with major magnitude Earth Events similar-to but even-greater than the what happend on March 11, 2011 all over Japan.

Historical earthquake damages assist in predictive projections of damage loss studies suggesting disastrous future losses will occur in the Pacific Northwest from a Cascadia Fault subduction ‘great earthquake’. National ‘loss mitigation efforts’ – studying ‘other seismically active regions’ plus ‘national cost-benefit studies’ indicate that ‘earthquake damage loss mitigation’ may effectively ‘reduce losses’ and ‘assist recovery’ efforts in the future. Accurate data acquired, geological and geophysical research and immediate ‘technological information transfer’ to ‘national key decision-makers’ was to reduce Pacific Northwest Cascadia Fault subduction zone additional risks to those of the Western North America coastal region.

Damage, injuries, and loss of life from the next great earthquake from the Cascadia Fault subduction zone will indeed be ‘great’, ‘widespread’ and ‘significantly ‘impact national economies’ ( Canada and United States ) for years to decades in the future, which has seen a global concerted increase, in:

– International Cooperative Research; – International Information Exchanges; – International Disaster Prepardeness; – International Damage Loss Mitigation Planning; – International Technology Applications; and, – More.

Tectonics Observatory

CALTECH Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis ( ARIA ) Project collaborative members of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), University of California Institute of Technology ( Pasadena ) Tectonics Observatory ARIA Project members, CALTECH scientists, Shengji Wei and Anthony Sladen ( of GEOAZUR ) modelled the Japan Tohoku earthquake fault zone sub-surface ( below surface ) ‘tectonic plate movement’, dervived from:

– TeleSeismic Body Waves ( long-distance observations ); and,

– Global Positioning Satellites ( GPS ) ( near-source observations ).

A 3D image of the fault moving, can be viewed in Google Earth ( internet website webpage link to that KML file is found in the “References” at the bottom of this report ) projects that fault rupture in three dimensional images, which can be viewed from any point of reference, with ‘that analysis’ depicting the rupture ( ground splitting open 100-feet ) resulting in the earthquake ( itself ) ‘triggered from 15-miles ( 24-kilometers ) beneath the ultra-deep sea of the Western Pacific Ocean, with the ‘entire island of Japan being moved east’ by 16-feet ( 5 meters ) from its ‘before earthquake location’.

[ IMAGE ( above ): NASA JPL Project ARIA Tectonic Plate Seismic Wave Direction Map ( click image to enlarge and read ) ]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) at the University of California ( Pasadena ) Institute of Technology ( also known as ) CALTECH Project Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis ( ARIA ) used GEONET RINEX data with JPL GIPSY-OASIS software to obtain kinematic “precise point positioning solutions” from a bias fixing method of a ‘single station’ matched-up to JPL orbit and clock products to produce their seismic displacement projection map details that have an inherent ’95% error-rating’ that is even an ‘estimate’, which ‘proves’ these U.S. government organization claims that ‘all they supposedly know’ ( after spending billions of dollars ) are what they are ‘only willing to publicly provide may be ‘only 5% accurate’. So much for what these U.S. government organizations ‘publicly announce’ as their “precise point positioning solutions.”

Pay Any Price?

More ‘double-speak’ and ‘psycho-babble’ serves to ‘only distract the public away from the ‘truth’ as to ‘precisely what’ U.S. taxpayer dollars are ‘actually producing’, and ‘now knowing this’ if ‘those same officials’ ever ‘worked for a small business’ they would either be ‘arrested’ for ‘fraud’ or ‘fired’ because of ‘incompetence’, however since ‘none of them’ will ever ‘admit to their own incometence’ their ‘leadership’ needs to see ‘those responsible’ virtually ‘swing from’ the end of an ‘incredibly long U.S. Department of Justice rope’.

Unfortunately, the facts surrounding all this only get worse.

[ IMAGE ( above ): Tectonic Plates ( brown color ) Sinking and Sunk On Earth Core. ]

Earthquake Prediction Falacy

Earthquake prediction will ‘never be an accomplished finite science for people to ever rely upon’, even though huge amounts of money are being wasted on ‘technology’ for ‘detection sensors’ reading “Seismic Waveforms” ( also known as ) “S Waves” that ‘can be detected and stored in computer databases’, because of a significant fact that will never be learned no matter how much money or time may be devoted to trying to solve the unsolvable problem of the Earth’s sub-crustal regions that consist primarily of ‘molten lake regions’ filled with ‘floating tectonic plates’ that are ‘moving while sinking’ that ‘cannot be tested’ for ‘rock density’ or ‘accumulated pressures’ existing ‘far beneath’ the ‘land surface tectonic plates’.

The very best, and all, that technology can ever perform for the public is to record ‘surface tectonic plates grinding aganist one another’ where ‘only that action’ ( alone ) does in-fact emit the generation of upward ‘accoustic wave form patterns’ named as being ‘seismic waves’ or ‘s-waves’ that ‘do occur’ but ‘only when tectonic plates are moving’.

While a ‘public early warning’ might be helpful for curtailing ‘vehicular traffic’ crossing an ‘interstate bridge’ that might collapse or ‘train traffic’ travel being stopped, thousands of people’s lives could be saved but it would fail to serve millions more living in buildings that collapse.

Early Warning Exclusivity

Knowing governments, using publicly unfamiliar terms, have ‘statisticly analyzed’ “international economics” related to “national infrastructure preparedness” ( ‘early warning systems’ ) – both “public” ( i.e. ‘utility companies’ via ‘government’ with ‘industrial leadership’ meetings ) and “private” ( i.e. ‘residents’ via ‘television’, ‘radio’, ‘newspaper’ and ‘internet’ only ‘commercial advertisements’ ) between which two ( 2 ) sees “national disaster mitigation” ‘primary designated provisions’ for “high density population centers” near “coastal or low-lying regions” ( ‘large bodies of ocean, lake and river water’ ) “early warning” but for only one ( 1 ) being “public” ( i.e. ‘utility companies’ via ‘government’ with ‘industrial leadership’ meetings ) “in the interest of national security” limiting ‘national economic burdens’ from any significant Earth Event impact ‘aftermath’.

In short, and without all the governmentese ‘psycho-babble’ and double-speak’, costs continue being spent on ‘high technology’ efforts to ‘perfect’ a “seismic early warning” for the “exclusive use” ( ‘national government control’ ) that “provides” ( ‘control over’ ) “all major utility company distribution points” ( facilities from where ‘electrical power is only generated’ ) able to “interrupt power” ( ‘stop the flow of electricity nationwide’ from ‘distribution stations’ ), thus “saving additional lives” from “disasterous other problems” ( ‘aftermath loss of lives and injuries’ caused by ‘nuclear fallout radiation’, ‘exploding electrical transformers’, and ‘fires associated with overloaded electrical circuits’ ).

Logically, ‘much’ – but ‘not all’ – of the aforementioned ‘makes perfect sense’, except for “John Doe” or “Jane Doe” ‘exemplified anonomously’ ( herein ) as individuals whom if ‘earlier warned’ could have ‘stopped their vehicle ‘before crossing the bridge that collapsed’ or simply ‘stepped out of the way of a huge sign falling on them’ being ‘killed’ or ‘maimed’, however one might additionally consider ‘how many more would ‘otherwise be killed or maimed’ after an ‘ensuing mass public mob panics’ by ‘receiving’ an “early warning.” Tough call for many, but few.

Earth Data Publicly Minimized

Tohoku-oki earthquake ‘seismic wave form data’ showing the Japan eastcoast tectonic plate “bilaterally ruptured” ( split in-half for a distance of over 310-miles ) was obtained from the USArray seismic stations ( United States ) was analyzed and later modelled by Caltech scientists Lingsen Meng and Jean-Paul Ampuero whom created preliminary data animation demonstrating a ‘super major’ Earth Event simultaneously occurring when the ‘major’ earthquake struck Japan.

U.S. National Security Stations Technology Systems Projects

United States Seismic Array ( USArray ) Data Management Plan Earthscope is composed of three ( 3 ) Projects:

1. Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology ( IRIS ), a National Science Foundation ( NSF ) consortium of universities, Data Management Center ( DMC ) is ‘managed’ by the “United States Seismic Array ( USArray )” Project;

2. UNAVCO INC. ‘implemented’ “Plate-Boundary Observatory ( PBO )” Project; and,

3. U.S. Geological Service ( USGS ) ‘operated’ “San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth ( SAFOD )” Project at Stanford University ( California ).

Simultaneous Earth Data Management

USArray component “Earthscope” data management plan is held by USArray IRIS DMC.

USArray consists of four ( 4 ) data generating components:

Permanent Network

Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) is a joint effort – between IRIS, USArray and USGS – to establish a ‘Permanent Network’ of approximately one-hundred ( 100 ) Earth monitoring ‘receiving stations’ ( alone ) located in the Continental United States ( CONUS ) or lowere 48 states of America, in-addition to ‘other stations’ located in the State of Alaska ( alone ).

Earth Data Multiple Other Monitors

USArray data contribution to the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) consists, of:

Nine ( 9 ) new ‘international Earth data accumulation receiving stations’ akin to the Global Seismic Network ( GSN );

Four ( 4 ) “cooperative other stations” from “Southern Methodist University” and “AFTAC”;

Twenty-six ( 26 ) ‘other receiving stations’ from the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) with ‘upgrade funding’ taken out-of the USArray Project “EarthScope;” plus,

Sixty ( 60 ) additional stations of the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) network that ‘currently exist’, ‘will be installed’ or ‘will be upgraded so that ‘data channel stream feeds’ can and ‘will be made seamlessly available’ through IRIS DMC where ‘data can be continuously recorded’ at forty ( 40 ) samples per second and where 1 sample per second can and ‘will be continously transmitted in real-time back into IRIS DMC where quality assurance is held at facilities located in ‘both’ Albuquerque, New Mexico and Golden, Colorado with ‘some’ U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) handling ‘some operational responsiblities’ thereof.

Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory ( ASL ) –

Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory ( ASL ) supports operation and maintenance of seismic networks for the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) portion of the Global Seismographic Network ( GSN ) and Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) Backbone network.

ASL runs the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) depot facility supporting the Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) networks.

ASL also maintains the PASSCAL Instrument Center ( PIC ) facility at the University of New Mexico Tech ( Socorro, New Mexico ) developing, testing, and evaluating seismology monitoring and recording equipment.

Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory ( ASL ) staff are based in ‘both’ Albuquerque, New Mexico and Golden, Colorado.

Top-Down Bottom-Up Data Building Slows Earthquake Notifications

Seismic waveform ( ‘seismic Wave form frequency’ ) data is received by the Global Seismic Network ( GSN ) and Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) network by electronic transmissions sent ‘slower than real-time’ by sending only ‘near-time data’ ( e.g. tape and compact disc recordings ) to the National Earthquake Information Center ( NEIC ) ‘station’ of the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ) ‘officially heralded’ for so-called “rapid earthquake response,”

Unbelieveably is the fact that in-addition to the aforementioned ‘slow Earth Event data delivery process’, an additional number of ‘data receiving stations’ have absolutely ‘no data streaming telemetry’ transmission capabilities whatsoever so, those station data recordings – on ‘tapes’ and ‘compact discs’ – are delivered by ‘other even more time consuming routes’ before that data can even reach the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ). In short, all the huge amounts of money being spent goes to ‘increasing computer technologies, sensors, satellites, ‘data stream channel networks’ and ‘secure facility building stations’ from the ‘top, down’ instead of building ‘monitoring stations’ and ‘recording stations’ from the ‘bottom, up’ until the entire earthquake monitoring and notification system is finally built properly. As it curreently stands, the ‘apple cart stations continue being built more and more’ while ‘apple tree stations are not receiving the proper technological nutrients’ to ‘delivery apples ( ‘data’ ) and ‘fed into notification markets’ ( ‘public’ ) where all this could do some good.

U.S. National Security Reviews Delay Already Slow Earthquake Notifications

IRIS Data Management Center ( DMC ) – after processing all incoming data streams from reporting stations around the world – then distributes seismic waveform data ‘back to’ both the Global Seismic Network ( GSN ) and Advanced National Seismic System ( ANSS ) BackBone ( BB ) network operations, but only ‘after seismic waveform data has been ‘thoroughly screened’ by what U.S. national security government Project leadership has deemed its ‘need to control all data’ by “limiting requirements” ( ‘red tape’ ) because ‘all data must undergo’ a long ardous ‘secure data clearing process’ before any data can be released’. Amusingly to some, the U.S. government – in its race to create another ‘official acronym’ of ‘double-speak’ – that national security requirement clearing process’ was ever so aptly named:

“Quality Assurance Framework” ( QUACK )

Enough said.

Let the public decide what to do with ‘those irresponsible officials’, afterall ‘only mass public lives’ are ‘swinging in the breeze’ at the very end-of a now-currently endless ‘dissinformation service rope’ being paid for by the tax-paying public.

In the meantime, while we are all ‘waiting for another Earth Event to take place far beyond, what ( besides this report ) might ‘slap the official horse’, spurring it to move quickly?

How about us? What shhould we do? Perhaps, brushing-up on a little basic knowledge might help.

Inner Earth Deeper Structure Deep Focus Earthquakes Rays And Related Anomalies

There is no substitute for knowledge, seeing information technology ( IT ) at the focal point of many new discoveries aided by supercomputing, modelling and analytics, but common sense does pretty good.

The following information, although an incredibily brief overview on such a wide variety of information topics surrounding a great deal of the in’s and out’s surrounding planet Earth, scratches more than just the surface but deep structure and deep focus impacting a multitude of generations from as far back as 700 years before the birth of Christ ( B.C. ).

Clearly referenced “Encyclopaedia Britannica” general public access information is all second-hand observations of records from other worldwide information collection sources, such as:

– Archives ( e.g. governments, institutions, public and private );

– Symposiums ( e.g. white papers );

– Journals ( professional and technical publications );

– Other information collection sources; and,

– Other information publications.

Encyclopaedias, available in a wide variety of styles and formats, are ’portable catalogs containing a large amount of basic information on a wide variety of topics’ available worldwide to billions of people for increasing their knowledge.

Encyclopedia information formats vary, and through ’volume reading’, within:

– Paper ‘books’ with either ’printed ink’ ( sighted ) or ’embossed dots’ ( Braille );

– Plastic ‘tape cartridges’ ( ‘electromagnetic’ media ) or ‘compact discs’ ( ‘optical’ media ) with ‘electronic device display’; or,

– Electron ‘internet’ ( ‘signal computing’ via ‘satellite’ or ‘telecomputing’ via ’landline’ or ‘node’ networking ) with ‘electronic device display’.

After thoroughly reviewing the Encyclopedia Britannica ‘specific compilation’, independent review found reasonable a facsimile of the original reformatted for easier public comprehension ( reproduced further below ).

Suprisingly, after that Encyclopedia Britannica ‘specific compilation’ information was reformatted for clearer reading comprehension, otherwise inner Earth ‘deep-structure’ geophysical studies formed an amazing correlation with additional factual activities within an equally amazing date chronology of man-made nuclear fracturing reformations of Earth geology geophysical – activities documented worldwide more than 1/2 century ago but somehow forgotten; either by chance or secret circumstance.

How could the Encyclopedia Britannica, or for that matter anyone else, missed something on such a grand scale that is now so obvious?

… [ TEMPORARILY EDITED-OUT FOR REVISION PURPOSES ONLY –  ] …

For more details, about the aforementioned, Click: Here!

Or,

To understand how all this relates, ‘begin with a better basic understanding’ by continuing to read the researched information ( below ):

====

Circa: March 21, 2012

Source:  Encyclopaedia Britannica

Earthquakes

Definition, Earthquake: Sudden shaking of Earth ground caused by passage of seismic waves through Earth rocks.

Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in the Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. Major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up the Earth’s crust. ( see table of major earthquakes further below )

By the early 20th Century ( 1900s ), little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology, involving scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, now yielding answers to long-standing questions as to why and how earthquakes occur.

About 50,000 earthquakes, large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments, occur every year over the entire Earth, and of these approximately one-hundred ( 100 ) are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near human habitation.

Very great earthquakes, occur on average about once a year, however over centuries these earthquakes have been responsible for millions of human life deaths and an incalculable amount of property damage.

Earthquakes A -Z

Earth’s major earthquakes occur primarily in belts coinciding with tectonic plate margins, apparent since early ( 700 B.C. ) experienced earthquake catalogs, and now more readily discernible by modern seismicity maps instrumentally depicting determined earthquake epicentres.

Most important, is the earthquake Circum-Pacific Belt affecting many populated coastal regions around the Pacific Ocean, namely:

South America;

– North America & Alaska;

Aleutian Islands;

Japan;

New Zealand; and,

New Guinea.

80% of the energy, estimated presently released in earthquakes, comes from those whose epicentres are in the Circum-Pacific Belt belt.

Seismic activity is by no means uniform throughout the belt, and there are a number of branches at various points. Because at many places the Circum-Pacific Belt is associated with volcanic activity, it has been popularly dubbed the “Pacific Ring of Fire.”

A second ( 2nd ) belt, known as the Alpide Belt, passes through the Mediterranean region eastward through Asia and joining the Circum-Pacific Belt in the East Indies where energy released in earthquakes from the Alpide Belt is about 15%of the world total.

There are also seismic activity ‘striking connected belts’, primarily along oceanic ridges including, those in the:

Arctic Ocean;

Atlantic Ocean;

Indian Ocean ( western ); and along,

East Africa rift valleys.

This global seismicity distribution is best understood in terms of its plate tectonic setting.

Forces

Earthquakes are caused by sudden releases of energy within a limited region of Earth rocks, and apparent pressure energy can be released, by:

Elastic strain;

– Gravity;

Chemical Reactions; and / or,

– Massive rock body motion.

Of all these, release of elastic rock strain is most important because this form of energy is the only kind that can be stored in sufficient quantities within the Earth to produce major ground disturbances.

Earthquakes, associated with this type of energy release, are called: Tectonic Earthquakes.

Tectonics

Tectonic plate earthquakes are explained by the so-called elastic rebound theory, formulated by the American geologist Harry Fielding Reid after the San Andreas Fault ruptured in 1906, generating the great San Francisco earthquake.

According to Reid theory of elastic rebound, a tectonic earthquake occurs when energy strains in rock masses have accumulated ( built-up ) to a point where resulting stresses exceed the strength of the rocks where then sudden fracturing results.

Fractures propagate ( travel ) rapidly ( see speeds further below ) through the rock, usually tending in the same direction and sometimes extending many kilometres along a local zone of weakness.

In 1906, for instance, the San Andreas Fault slipped along a plane 270-miles ( 430 kilometers) long, a line alongwhich ground was displaced horizontally as much as 20-feet ( 6 meters ).

As a fault rupture progresses along or up the fault, rock masses are flung in opposite directions, and thus spring back to a position where there is less strain.

At any one point this movement may take place not at-once but rather in irregular steps where these sudden slowings and restartings give rise to vibrations that propagate as seismic waves.

Such irregular properties of fault rupture are now included in ‘physical modeling” and ‘mathematical modeling’ earthquake sources.

Earthquake Focus ( Foci )

Roughnesses along the fault are referred to as asperities, and places where the rupture slows or stops are said to be fault barriers. Fault rupture starts at the earthquake focus ( foci ), a spot that ( in many cases ) is close to being from 5 kilometers to 15 kilometers ‘under the surface where the rupture propagates ( travels )’ in one ( 1 ) or both directions over the fault plane until stopped ( or slowed ) at a barrier ( boundary ).

Sometimes, instead of being stopped at the barrier, the fault rupture recommences on the far side; at other times the stresses in the rocks break the barrier, and the rupture continues.

Earthquakes have different properties depending on the type of fault slip that causes them.

The usual ‘fault model’ has a “strike” ( i.e., direction, from north, taken by a horizontal line in the fault plane ) and a “dip” ( i.e. angle from the horizontal shown by the steepest slope in the fault ).

Movement parallel to the dip is called dip-slip faulting.

In dip-slip faults, if the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block, it is called “normal” faulting; the opposite motion, with the hanging wall moving upward relative to the footwall, produces reverse or thrust faulting. The lower wall ( of an inclined fault ) is the ‘footwall’, and laying over the footwall is the hanging wall.

When rock masses slip past each other ( parallel to the strike area ) movement is known as strike-slip faulting.

Strike-slip faults are right lateral or left lateral, depending on whether the block on the opposite side of the fault from an observer has moved to the right or left.

All known faults are assumed to have been the seat of one or more earthquakes in the past, though tectonic movements along faults are often slow, and most geologically ancient faults are now a-seismic ( i.e., they no longer cause earthquakes ).

Actual faulting, associated with an earthquake, may be complex and often unclear whether in one ( 1 ) particular earthquake, where total energy, is being issued from a single ( 1 ) fault plane.

Observed geologic faults sometimes show relative displacements on the order of hundreds of kilometres over geologic time, whereas the sudden slip offsets that produce seismic waves may range from only several centimetres to tens of metres.

During the 1976 Tangshan earthquake ( for example ), a surface strike-slip of about 1 meter was observed along the causative fault east of Beijing, China, and later ( as another example ) during the 1999 Taiwan earthquake the Chelung-pu fault slipped vertically up to 8 meters.

Volcanism & Earthquake Movement

A separate type of earthquake is associated with volcano activity known as a volcanic earthquake.

Although likely, even in such cases, disturbance is officially believed resultant from sudden slip of rock masses adjacent a volcano being consequential release of elastic rock strain energy, however stored energy may be partially of hydrodynamic origin due heat provided by magma flowing movements ( tidal ) throughout underground reservoirs beneath volcanoes or releasing under pressure gas, but then there certainly is a clear corresponding distinction between geographic distribution of volcanoes and major earthquakes particularly within the Circum-Pacific Belt traversing ocean ridges.

Volcano vents, however, are generally several hundred kilometres from epicentres of most ‘major shallow earthquakes’, and it is believed ’many earthquake sources’ occur ‘nowhere near active volcanoes’.

Even in cases where earthquake focus occurs where structures are marked ’directly below volcanic vents’, officially there is probably no immediate causal connection between the two ( 2 ) activities where likely both may be resultant on same tectonic processes.

Earth Fracturing

Artificially Created Inductions

Earthquakes are sometimes caused by human activities, including:

– Nuclear Explosion ( large megaton yield ) detonations underground;

– Oil & Gas wells ( deep Earth fluid injections )

– Mining ( deep Earth excavations );

– Reservoirs ( deep Earth voids filled with incredibly heavy large bodies of water ).

In the case of deep mining, the removal of rock produces changes in the strain around the tunnels.

Slip on adjacent, preexisting faults or outward shattering of rock into where new cavities may occur.

In fluid injection, the slip is thought to be induced by premature release of elastic rock strain, as in the case of tectonic earthquakes after fault surfaces are lubricated by the liquid.

Large underground nuclear explosions have been known to produce slip on already strained faults in the vicinity of test devices.

Reservoir Induction

Of the various earthquake causing activities cited above, the filling of large reservoirs ( see China ) being most prominent.

More than 20 significant cases have been documented in which local seismicity has increased following the impounding of water behind high dams. Often, causality cannot be substantiated, because no data exists to allow comparison of earthquake occurrence before and after the reservoir was filled.

Reservoir-induction effects are most marked for reservoirs exceeding 100 metres ( 330 feet ) in depth and 1 cubic km ( 0.24 cubic mile ) in volume. Three ( 3 ) sites where such connections have very probably occurred, are the:

Hoover Dam in the United States;

Aswan High Dam in Egypt; and.

Kariba Dam on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia in Africa.

The most generally accepted explanation for earthquake occurrence in such cases assumes that rocks near the reservoir are already strained from regional tectonic forces to a point where nearby faults are almost ready to slip. Water in the reservoir adds a pressure perturbation that triggers the fault rupture. The pressure effect is perhaps enhanced by the fact that the rocks along the fault have lower strength because of increased water-pore pressure. These factors notwithstanding, the filling of most large reservoirs has not produced earthquakes large enough to be a hazard.

Specific seismic source mechanisms associated with reservoir induction have been established in a few cases. For the main shock at the Koyna Dam and Reservoir in India ( 1967 ), the evidence favours strike-slip faulting motion. At both the Kremasta Dam in Greece ( 1965 ) and the Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe-Zambia ( 1961 ), the generating mechanism was dip-slip on normal faults.

By contrast, thrust mechanisms have been determined for sources of earthquakes at the lake behind Nurek Dam in Tajikistan. More than 1,800 earthquakes occurred during the first 9-years after water was impounded in this 317 meter deep reservoir in 1972, a rate amounting to four ( 4 ) times the average number of shocks in the region prior to filling.

Nuclear Explosion Measurement Seismology Instruments

By 1958 representatives from several countries, including the United States and the Russia Soviet Union government, met to discuss the technical basis for a nuclear test-ban treaty where amongst matters considered was feasibility of developing effective means to detect underground nuclear explosions and to distinguish them seismically from earthquakes.

After that conference, much special research was directed to seismology, leading to major advances in seismic signal detection and analysis.

Recent seismological work on treaty verification has involved using high-resolution seismographs in a worldwide network, estimating the yield of explosions, studying wave attenuation in the Earth, determining wave amplitude and frequency spectra discriminants, and applying seismic arrays. The findings of such research have shown that underground nuclear explosions, compared with natural earthquakes, usually generate seismic waves through the body of the Earth that are of much larger amplitude than the surface waves. This telltale difference along with other types of seismic evidence suggest that an international monitoring network of two-hundred and seventy ( 270 ) seismographic stations could detect and locate all seismic events over the globe of magnitude 4.0 and above ( corresponding to an explosive yield of about 100 tons of TNT ).

Earthquake Effects

Earthquakes have varied effects, including changes in geologic features, damage to man-made structures, and impact on human and animal life. Most of these effects occur on solid ground, but, since most earthquake foci are actually located under the ocean bottom, severe effects are often observed along the margins of oceans.

Surface Phenomena

Earthquakes often cause dramatic geomorphological changes, including ground movements – either vertical or horizontal – along geologic fault traces; rising, dropping, and tilting of the ground surface; changes in the flow of groundwater; liquefaction of sandy ground; landslides; and mudflows. The investigation of topographic changes is aided by geodetic measurements, which are made systematically in a number of countries seriously affected by earthquakes.

Earthquakes can do significant damage to buildings, bridges, pipelines, railways, embankments, and other structures. The type and extent of damage inflicted are related to the strength of the ground motions and to the behaviour of the foundation soils. In the most intensely damaged region, called the meizoseismal area, the effects of a severe earthquake are usually complicated and depend on the topography and the nature of the surface materials. They are often more severe on soft alluvium and unconsolidated sediments than on hard rock. At distances of more than 100 km (60 miles) from the source, the main damage is caused by seismic waves traveling along the surface. In mines there is frequently little damage below depths of a few hundred metres even though the ground surface immediately above is considerably affected.

Earthquakes are frequently associated with reports of distinctive sounds and lights. The sounds are generally low-pitched and have been likened to the noise of an underground train passing through a station. The occurrence of such sounds is consistent with the passage of high-frequency seismic waves through the ground. Occasionally, luminous flashes, streamers, and bright balls have been reported in the night sky during earthquakes. These lights have been attributed to electric induction in the air along the earthquake source.

Tsunamis

Following certain earthquakes, very long-wavelength water waves in oceans or seas sweep inshore. More properly called seismic sea waves or tsunamis ( tsunami is a Japanese word for “harbour wave” ), they are commonly referred to as tidal waves, although the attractions of the Moon and Sun play no role in their formation. They sometimes come ashore to great heights—tens of metres above mean tide level—and may be extremely destructive.

The usual immediate cause of a tsunami is sudden displacement in a seabed sufficient to cause the sudden raising or lowering of a large body of water. This deformation may be the fault source of an earthquake, or it may be a submarine landslide arising from an earthquake.

Large volcanic eruptions along shorelines, such as those of Thera (c. 1580 bc) and Krakatoa (ad 1883), have also produced notable tsunamis. The most destructive tsunami ever recorded occurred on December 26, 2004, after an earthquake displaced the seabed off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. More than 200,000 people were killed by a series of waves that flooded coasts from Indonesia to Sri Lanka and even washed ashore on the Horn of Africa.

Following the initial disturbance to the sea surface, water waves spread in all directions. Their speed of travel in deep water is given by the formula (√gh), where h is the sea depth and g is the acceleration of gravity.

This speed may be considerable—100 metres per second ( 225 miles per hour ) when h is 1,000 metres ( 3,300 feet ). However, the amplitude ( i.e., the height of disturbance ) at the water surface does not exceed a few metres in deep water, and the principal wavelength may be on the order of hundreds of kilometres; correspondingly, the principal wave period—that is, the time interval between arrival of successive crests—may be on the order of tens of minutes. Because of these features, tsunami waves are not noticed by ships far out at sea.

When tsunamis approach shallow water, however, the wave amplitude increases. The waves may occasionally reach a height of 20 to 30 metres above mean sea level in U- and V-shaped harbours and inlets. They characteristically do a great deal of damage in low-lying ground around such inlets. Frequently, the wave front in the inlet is nearly vertical, as in a tidal bore, and the speed of onrush may be on the order of 10 metres per second. In some cases there are several great waves separated by intervals of several minutes or more. The first of these waves is often preceded by an extraordinary recession of water from the shore, which may commence several minutes or even half an hour beforehand.

Organizations, notably inJapan,Siberia,Alaska, andHawaii, have been set up to provide tsunami warnings. A key development is the Seismic Sea Wave Warning System, an internationally supported system designed to reduce loss of life in thePacific Ocean. Centred inHonolulu, it issues alerts based on reports of earthquakes from circum-Pacific seismographic stations.

Seiches

Seiches are rhythmic motions of water in nearly landlocked bays or lakes that are sometimes induced by earthquakes and tsunamis. Oscillations of this sort may last for hours or even for 1-day or 2-days.

The great Lisbon earthquake of 1755 caused the waters of canals and lakes in regions as far away as Scotland and Sweden to go into observable oscillations. Seiche surges in lakes in Texas, in the southwestern United States, commenced between 30 and 40 minutes after the 1964 Alaska earthquake, produced by seismic surface waves passing through the area.

A related effect is the result of seismic waves from an earthquake passing through the seawater following their refraction through the seafloor. The speed of these waves is about 1.5 km (0.9 mile) per second, the speed of sound in water. If such waves meet a ship with sufficient intensity, they give the impression that the ship has struck a submerged object. This phenomenon is called a seaquake.

Earthquake Intensity and Magnitude Scales

The violence of seismic shaking varies considerably over a single affected area. Because the entire range of observed effects is not capable of simple quantitative definition, the strength of the shaking is commonly estimated by reference to intensity scales that describe the effects in qualitative terms. Intensity scales date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before seismographs capable of accurate measurement of ground motion were developed. Since that time, the divisions in these scales have been associated with measurable accelerations of the local ground shaking. Intensity depends, however, in a complicated way not only on ground accelerations but also on the periods and other features of seismic waves, the distance of the measuring point from the source, and the local geologic structure. Furthermore, earthquake intensity, or strength, is distinct from earthquake magnitude, which is a measure of the amplitude, or size, of seismic waves as specified by a seismograph reading ( see below Earthquake magnitude )

A number of different intensity scales have been set up during the past century and applied to both current and ancient destructive earthquakes. For many years the most widely used was a 10-point scale devised in 1878 by Michele Stefano de Rossi and Franƈois-Alphonse Forel. The scale now generally employed in North America is the Mercalli scale, as modified by Harry O. Wood and Frank Neumann in 1931, in which intensity is considered to be more suitably graded.

A 12-point abridged form of the modified Mercalli scale is provided below. Modified Mercalli intensity VIII is roughly correlated with peak accelerations of about one-quarter that of gravity ( g = 9.8 metres, or 32.2 feet, per second squared ) and ground velocities of 20 cm (8 inches) per second. Alternative scales have been developed in bothJapan andEurope for local conditions.

The European ( MSK ) scale of 12 grades is similar to the abridged version of the Mercalli.

Modified Mercalli scale of earthquake intensity

  I. Not felt. Marginal and long-period effects of large earthquakes.

  II. Felt by persons at rest, on upper floors, or otherwise favourably placed to sense tremors.

  III. Felt indoors. Hanging objects swing. Vibrations are similar to those caused by the passing of light trucks. Duration can be estimated.

  IV. Vibrations are similar to those caused by the passing of heavy trucks (or a jolt similar to that caused by a heavy ball striking the walls). Standing automobiles rock. Windows, dishes, doors rattle. Glasses clink, crockery clashes. In the upper range of grade IV, wooden walls and frames creak.

  V. Felt outdoors; direction may be estimated. Sleepers awaken. Liquids are disturbed, some spilled. Small objects are displaced or upset. Doors swing, open, close. Pendulum clocks stop, start, change rate.

  VI. Felt by all; many are frightened and run outdoors. Persons walk unsteadily. Pictures fall off walls. Furniture moves or overturns. Weak plaster and masonry cracks. Small bells ring (church, school). Trees, bushes shake.

  VII. Difficult to stand. Noticed by drivers of automobiles. Hanging objects quivering. Furniture broken. Damage to weak masonry. Weak chimneys broken at roof line. Fall of plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles, cornices. Waves on ponds; water turbid with mud. Small slides and caving along sand or gravel banks. Large bells ringing. Concrete irrigation ditches damaged.

  VIII. Steering of automobiles affected. Damage to masonry; partial collapse. Some damage to reinforced masonry; none to reinforced masonry designed to resist lateral forces. Fall of stucco and some masonry walls. Twisting, fall of chimneys, factory stacks, monuments, towers, elevated tanks. Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down; loose panel walls thrown out. Decayed pilings broken off. Branches broken from trees. Changes in flow or temperature of springs and wells. Cracks in wet ground and on steep slopes.

  IX. General panic. Weak masonry destroyed; ordinary masonry heavily damaged, sometimes with complete collapse; reinforced masonry seriously damaged. Serious damage to reservoirs. Underground pipes broken. Conspicuous cracks in ground. In alluvial areas, sand and mud ejected; earthquake fountains, sand craters.

  X. Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Some well-built wooden structures and bridges destroyed. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Large landslides. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, and so on. Sand and mud shifted horizontally on beaches and flat land. Railway rails bent slightly.

  XI. Rails bent greatly. Underground pipelines completely out of service.

  XII. Damage nearly total. Large rock masses displaced. Lines of sight and level distorted. Objects thrown into air.

With the use of an intensity scale, it is possible to summarize such data for an earthquake by constructing isoseismal curves, which are lines that connect points of equal intensity. If there were complete symmetry about the vertical through the earthquake’s focus, isoseismals would be circles with the epicentre (the point at the surface of the Earth immediately above where the earthquake originated) as the centre. However, because of the many unsymmetrical geologic factors influencing intensity, the curves are often far from circular. The most probable position of the epicentre is often assumed to be at a point inside the area of highest intensity. In some cases, instrumental data verify this calculation, but not infrequently the true epicentre lies outside the area of greatest intensity.

Earthquake Magnitude

Earthquake magnitude is a measure of the “size” or amplitude of the seismic waves generated by an earthquake source and recorded by seismographs.

Types and nature of these waves are described in Seismic waves ( further below ).

Because the size of earthquakes varies enormously, it is necessary for purposes of comparison to compress the range of wave amplitudes measured on seismograms by means of a mathematical device.

In 1935, American seismologist Charles F. Richter set up a magnitude scale of earthquakes as the logarithm to base 10 of the maximum seismic wave amplitude ( in thousandths of a millimetre ) recorded on a standard seismograph ( the Wood-Anderson torsion pendulum seismograph ) at a distance of 60-miles ( 100 kilometers ) from the earthquake epicentre.

Reduction of amplitudes observed at various distances to the amplitudes expected at the standard distance of 100 kilometers ( 50-miles ) is made on the basis of empirical tables.

Richter magnitudes ML are computed on the assumption the ratio of the maximum wave amplitudes at two ( 2 ) given distances is the same for all earthquakes and is independent of azimuth.

Richter first applied his magnitude scale to shallow-focus earthquakes recorded within 600 km of the epicentre in the southern California region. Later, additional empirical tables were set up, whereby observations made at distant stations and on seismographs other than the standard type could be used. Empirical tables were extended to cover earthquakes of all significant focal depths and to enable independent magnitude estimates to be made from body- and surface-wave observations.

A current form of the Richter scale is shown in the table.

Richter scale of earthquake magnitude

magnitude level

category

effects

earthquakes per year

less than 1.0 to 2.9

micro

generally not felt by people, though recorded on local instruments

more than 100,000

3.0-3.9

minor

felt by many people; no damage

12,000-100,000

4.0-4.9

light

felt by all; minor breakage of objects

2,000-12,000

5.0-5.9

moderate

some damage to weak structures

200-2,000

6.0-6.9

strong

moderate damage in populated areas

20-200

7.0-7.9

major

serious damage over large areas; loss of life

3-20

8.0 and higher

great

severe destruction and loss of life over large areas

fewer than 3

At the present time a number of different magnitude scales are used by scientists and engineers as a measure of the relative size of an earthquake. The P-wave magnitude (Mb), for one, is defined in terms of the amplitude of the P wave recorded on a standard seismograph. Similarly, the surface-wave magnitude (Ms) is defined in terms of the logarithm of the maximum amplitude of ground motion for surface waves with a wave period of 20 seconds.

As defined, an earthquake magnitude scale has no lower or upper limit. Sensitive seismographs can record earthquakes with magnitudes of negative value and have ‘recorded magnitudes up to’ about ‘9.0’ ( 1906 San Francisco earthquake, for example, had a Richter magnitude of 8.25 ).

A scientific weakness is that there is no direct mechanical basis for magnitude as defined above. Rather, it is an empirical parameter analogous to stellar magnitude assessed by astronomers. In modern practice a more soundly based mechanical measure of earthquake size is used—namely, the seismic moment (M0). Such a parameter is related to the angular leverage of the forces that produce the slip on the causative fault. It can be calculated both from recorded seismic waves and from field measurements of the size of the fault rupture. Consequently, seismic moment provides a more uniform scale of earthquake size based on classical mechanics. This measure allows a more scientific magnitude to be used called moment magnitude (Mw). It is proportional to the logarithm of the seismic moment; values do not differ greatly from Ms values for moderate earthquakes. Given the above definitions, the great Alaska earthquake of 1964, with a Richter magnitude (ML) of 8.3, also had the values Ms = 8.4, M0 = 820 × 1027 dyne centimetres, and Mw = 9.2

Earthquake Energy

Energy in an earthquake passing a particular surface site can be calculated directly from the recordings of seismic ground motion, given, for example, as ground velocity. Such recordings indicate an energy rate of 105 watts per square metre (9,300 watts per square foot) near a moderate-size earthquake source. The total power output of a rupturing fault in a shallow earthquake is on the order of 1014 watts, compared with the 105 watts generated in rocket motors.

The surface-wave magnitude Ms has also been connected with the surface energy Es of an earthquake by empirical formulas. These give Es = 6.3 × 1011 and 1.4 × 1025 ergs for earthquakes of Ms = 0 and 8.9, respectively. A unit increase in Ms corresponds to approximately a 32-fold increase in energy. Negative magnitudes Ms correspond to the smallest instrumentally recorded earthquakes, a magnitude of 1.5 to the smallest felt earthquakes, and one of 3.0 to any shock felt at a distance of up to 20 km ( 12 miles ). Earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 cause light damage near the epicentre; those of 6.0 are destructive over a restricted area; and those of 7.5 are at the lower limit of major earthquakes.

The total annual energy released in all earthquakes is about 1025 ergs, corresponding to a rate of work between 10,000,000 million and 100,000,000 million kilowatts. This is approximately one ( 1 ) 1,000th the ‘annual amount of heat escaping from the Earth interior’.

90% of the total seismic energy comes from earthquakes of ‘magnitude 7.0 and higher’ – that is, those whose energy is on the order of 1023 ergs or more.

Frequency

There also are empirical relations for the frequencies of earthquakes of various magnitudes. Suppose N to be the average number of shocks per year for which the magnitude lies in a range about Ms. Then log10 N = abMs fits the data well both globally and for particular regions; for example, for shallow earthquakes worldwide, a = 6.7 and b = 0.9 when Ms > 6.0. The frequency for larger earthquakes therefore increases by a factor of about 10 when the magnitude is diminished by one unit. The increase in frequency with reduction in Ms falls short, however, of matching the decrease in the energy E. Thus, larger earthquakes are overwhelmingly responsible for most of the total seismic energy release. The number of earthquakes per year with Mb > 4.0 reaches 50,000.

Earthquake Occurrences & Plate Tectonic associations

Global seismicity patterns had no strong theoretical explanation until the dynamic model called plate tectonics was developed during the late 1960s. This theory holds that the Earth’s upper shell, or lithosphere, consists of nearly a dozen large, quasi-stable slabs called plates. The thickness of each of these plates is roughly 50-miles ( 80 km ). Plates move horizontally relative to neighbouring plates at a rate of 0.4 to 4 inches ( 1-cm to 10-cm ) per year over a shell of lesser strength called the asthenosphere. At the plate edges where there is contact between adjoining plates, boundary tectonic forces operate on the rocks, causing physical and chemical changes in them. New lithosphere is created at oceanic ridges by the upwelling and cooling of magma from the Earth’s mantle. The horizontally moving plates are believed to be absorbed at the ocean trenches, where a subduction process carries the lithosphere downward into the Earth’s interior. The total amount of lithospheric material destroyed at these subduction zones equals that generated at the ridges. Seismological evidence ( e.g. location of major earthquake belts ) is everywhere in agreement with this tectonic model.

Earthquake Types:

– Shallow Earthquakes;

– Intermediate Earthquakes;

– Deep Focus ( Deep-Foci ) Earthquakes; and

– Deeper Focus ( Deeper-Foci ) Earthquakes.

Earthquake sources, are concentrated along oceanic ridges, corresponding to divergent plate boundaries.

At subduction zones, associated with convergent plate boundaries, deep-focus earthquakes and intermediate focus earthquakes mark locations of the upper part of a dipping lithosphere slab.

Focal ( Foci ) mechanisms indicate stresses aligned with dip of the lithosphere underneath the adjacent continent or island arc.

IntraPlate Seismic Event Anomalies

Some earthquakes associated with oceanic ridges are confined to strike-slip faults, called transform faults offset ridge crests. The majority of earthquakes occurring along such horizontal shear faults are characterized by slip motions.

Also in agreement with plate tectonics theory is high seismicity encountered along edges of plates where they slide past each other. Plate boundaries of this kind, sometimes called fracture zones include, the:

San Andreas Fault system in California; and,

– North Anatolian fault system in Turkey.

Such plate boundaries are the site of interplate earthquakes of shallow focus.

Low seismicity within plates is consistent with plate tectonic description. Small to large earthquakes do occur in limited regions well within the boundaries of plates, however such ‘intraplate seismic events’ can be explained by tectonic mechanisms other than plate boundary motions and their associated phenomena.

Most parts of the world experience at least occasional shallow earthquakes – those that originate within 60 km ( 40 miles ) of the Earth’s outer surface. In fact, the great ‘majority of earthquake foci ( focus ) are shallow’. It should be noted, however, that the geographic distribution of smaller earthquakes is less completely determined than more severe quakes, partly because the ‘availability of relevant data dependent on distribution of observatories’.

Of the total energy released in earthquakes, 12% comes from intermediate earthquakes—that is, quakes with a focal depth ranging from about 60 to 300 km. About 3 percent of total energy comes from deeper earthquakes. The frequency of occurrence falls off rapidly with increasing focal depth in the intermediate range. Below intermediate depth the distribution is fairly uniform until the greatest focal depths, of about 700 km (430 miles), are approached.

Deeper-Focus Earthquakes

Deeper-focus earthquakes commonly occur in patterns called Benioff zones dipping into the Earth, indicating presence of a subducting slab where dip angles of these slabs average about 45° – with some shallower – and others nearly vertical.

Benioff zones coincide with tectonically active island arcs, such as:

– Aleutian islands;

– Japan islands;

– Vanuatu islands; and

– Tonga.

Island arcs are, normally ( but not always ) associated, with:

Ultra-Deep Sea Ocean Trenches, such as the:

South America ( Andes mountain system ).

Exceptions to this rule, include:

– Romania ( East Europe ) mountain system; and

Hindu Kush mountain system.

Most Benioff zones,  deep-earthquake foci and intermediate-earthquake foci are usually found within a narrow layer, however recent more precise hypocentral locations – in Japan and elsewhere – indicate two ( 2 ) distinct parallel bands of foci only 12 miles ( 20 kilometers ) apart.

Aftershocks, Swarms and Foreshocks

Major or even moderate earthquake of shallow focus is followed by many lesser-size earthquakes close to the original source region. This is to be expected if the fault rupture producing a major earthquake does not relieve all the accumulated strain energy at once. In fact, this dislocation is liable to cause an increase in the stress and strain at a number of places in the vicinity of the focal region, bringing crustal rocks at certain points close to the stress at which fracture occurs. In some cases an earthquake may be followed by 1,000 or more aftershocks a day.

Sometimes a large earthquake is followed by a similar one along the same fault source within an hour or perhaps a day. An extreme case of this is multiple earthquakes. In most instances, however, the first principal earthquake of a series is much more severe than the aftershocks. In general, the number of aftershocks per day decreases with time.

Aftershock frequency, is ( roughly ):

Inversely proportional to time since occurrence of largest earthquake in series.

Most major earthquakes occur without detectable warning, but some principal earthquakes are preceded by foreshocks.

Japan 2-Years of Hundreds of Thousands Of Earthquakes

In another common pattern, large numbers of small earthquakes may occur in a region for months without a major earthquake.

In the Matsushiro region of Japan, for instance, there occurred ( between August 1965 and August 1967 ) a ‘series of earthquakes’ numbering in the hundreds of thousands – some sufficiently strong ( up to Richter magnitude 5.0 ) causing property damage but no casualties.

Maximum frequency? 6,780 small earthquakes on just April 17, 1966.

Such series of earthquakes are called earthquake swarms.

Earthquakes, associated with volcanic activity often occur in swarms – though swarms also have been observed in many nonvolcanic regions.

Study of Earthquakes

Seismic waves

Principal types of seismic waves

Seismic Waves ( S Waves ), generated by an earthquake source, are commonly classified into three ( 3 ) ‘leading types’.

The first two ( 2 ) leading types, propagate ( travel ) within the body of the Earth, are known as:

P ( Primary ) Seismic Waves; and,

S ( Secondary ) Seismic Waves ( S / S Waves ).

The third ( 3rd ) leading types, propagate ( travel ) along surface of the Earth, are known as:

L ( Love ) Seismic Waves; and,

R ( Rayleigh ) Seismic Waves.

During the 19th Century, existence of these types of seismic waves were mathematically predicted, and modern comparisons show close correspondence between such ‘theoretical calculations‘ and ‘actual measurements’ of seismic waves.

P seismic waves travel as elastic motions at the highest speeds, and are longitudinal waves transmitted by both solid and liquid materials within inner Earth.

P waves ( particles of the medium) vibrate in a manner ‘similar to sound waves’ transmitting media ( alternately compressed and expanded ).

The slower type of body wave, the S wave, travels only through solid material. With S waves, the particle motion is transverse to the direction of travel and involves a shearing of the transmitting rock.

Focus ( Foci )

Because of their greater speed, P waves are the first ( 1st ) to reach any point on the Earth’s surface. The first ( 1st ) P-wave onset ‘starts from the spot where an earthquake originates’. This point, usually at some depth within the Earth, is called the focus (also known as ) hypocentre.

Epicenter

Point ‘at the surface’ ( immediately ‘above the Focus / Foci’ ) is known as the ‘epicenter’.

Love waves and Rayleigh waves, guided by the free surface of the Earth, trail after P and S waves have passed through the body of planet Earth.

Rayleigh waves ( R Waves ) and Love waves ( L Waves ) involve ‘horizontal particle motion’, however ‘only Rayleigh waves exhibit ‘vertical ground displacements’.

Rayleigh waves ( R waves ) and Love ( L waves ) travel ( propagate ) and disperse into long wave trains, when occurring away-from ‘alluvial basin sources’, at substantial distances cause much of the Earth surface ground shaking felt during earthquakes.

Seismic Wave Focus ( Foci ) Properties

At all distances from the focus ( foci ), mechanical properties of rocks, such as incompressibility, rigidity and density play roles, in:

– Speed of ‘wave travel’;

– Duration of ‘wave trains’; and,

– Shape of ‘wave trains’.

Layering of the rocks and the physical properties of surface soil also affect wave characteristics.

In most cases, ‘elastic behaviors occur in earthquakes, however strong shaking ( of surface soils from the incident seismic waves ) sometimes result in ‘nonelastic behavior’, including slumping ( i.e., downward and outward movement of unconsolidated material ) and liquefaction of sandy soil.

Seismic wave that encounters a boundary separating ‘rocks of different elastic properties’ undergo reflection and refraction where a special complication exists because conversion between wave types usually also occur at such a boundary where an incident P or S wave can yield reflected P and S waves and refracted P and S waves.

Between Earth structural layers, boundaries give rise to diffracted and scattered waves, and these additional waves are partially responsible for complications observed in ground motion during earthquakes.

Modern research is concerned with ‘computing, synthetic records of ground motion realistic comparisons with observed actual ground shaking’, using wave theory in complex structures.

Grave Duration Long-Periods, Audible Earthquake Frequencies, and Other Earth Anomalies

Frequency range of seismic waves is widely varied, from being ‘High Frequency’ ( HF ) as an ‘audible range’ ( i.e. greater than > 20 hertz ) to, as Low Frequency ( LF ) as subtle as ‘free oscillations of planet Earth’ – with grave Long-Periods being 54-minutes ( see below Long-Period oscillations of the globe ).

Seismic wave attenuations in rock imposes High-Frequency ( HF ) limits, and in small to moderate earthquakes the dominant frequencies extend in Surface Waves from about 1.0 Hz to 0.1 Hertz.

Seismic wave amplitude range is also great in most earthquakes.

Displacement of ground ranges, from: 10−10 to 10−1 metre ( 4−12 to 4-inches ).

Great Earthquake Speed

Great Earthquake Ground Speed Moves Faster Than 32-Feet Per Second, Squared ( 9.8 Metres Per Second, Squared ) –

In the greatest earthquakes, ground amplitude of predominant P waves may be several centimetres at periods of 2-seconds to 5-seconds, however very close to seismic sources of ‘great earthquakes’, investigators measured ‘large wave amplitudes’ with ‘accelerations of the ground exceeding ( speed of gravity ) 32.2 feet per second squared ( 9.8 meters per second, squared ) at High Frequencies ( HF ) and ground displacements of 1 metre at Low Frequencies ( LF ).

Seismic Wave Measurement

Seismographs and Accelerometers

Seismographs ‘measure ground motion’ in both ‘earthquakes’ and ‘microseisms’ ( small oscillations described below ).

Most of these instruments are of the pendulum type. Early mechanical seismographs had a pendulum of large mass ( up to several tons ) and produced seismograms by scratching a line on smoked paper on a rotating drum.

In later instruments, seismograms ( also known as seismometers ) recorded via ‘rays of light bounced off a mirror’ within a galvanometer using electric current from electromagnetic induction ‘when the pendulum of the seismograph moved’.

Technological developments in electronics have given rise to ‘higher-precision pendulum seismometers’ and ‘sensors of ground motion’.

In these instruments electric voltages produced by motions of the pendulum or the equivalent are passed through electronic circuitry to ‘amplify ground motion digitized for more exactness’ readings.

Seismometer Nomenclature Meanings

Seismographs are divided into three ( 3 ) types of instruments knowingly confused by the public because of their varied names, as:

– Short-Period;

– Intermediate-Period ( also known as Long-Period );

– Long-Period ( also known as Intermediate-Period );

– Ultra-Long-Period ( also known as Broadband or Broad-Band ); or,

– Broadband ( also known as Ultra Long-Period or UltraLong-Period ).

Short-Period instruments are used to record P and S body waves with high magnification of the ground motion. For this purpose, the seismograph response is shaped to peak at a period of about 1-second or less.

Intermediate-period instruments, the type used by the World-Wide Standardized Seismographic Network ( WWSSN ) – described in the section Earthquake observatories – had about a 20-second ( maximum ) response.

Recently, in order to provide as much flexibility as possible for research work, the trend has been toward the operation of ‘very broadband seismographs’ digitizing representation of signals. This is usually accomplished with ‘very long-period pendulums’ and ‘electronic amplifiers’ passing signals in the band between 0.005 Hz and 50 Hertz.

When seismic waves close to their source are to be recorded, special design criteria are needed. Instrument sensitivity must ensure that the largest ground movements can be recorded without exceeding the upper scale limit of the device. For most seismological and engineering purposes the wave frequencies that must be recorded are higher than 1 hertz, and so the pendulum or its equivalent can be small. For this reason accelerometers that measure the rate at which the ground velocity is changing have an advantage for strong-motion recording. Integration is then performed to estimate ground velocity and displacement. The ground accelerations to be registered range up to two times that of gravity. Recording such accelerations can be accomplished mechanically with short torsion suspensions or force-balance mass-spring systems.

Because many strong-motion instruments need to be placed at unattended sites in ordinary buildings for periods of months or years before a strong earthquake occurs, they usually record only when a trigger mechanism is actuated with the onset of ground motion. Solid-state memories are now used, particularly with digital recording instruments, making it possible to preserve the first few seconds before the trigger starts the permanent recording and to store digitized signals on magnetic cassette tape or on a memory chip. In past design absolute timing was not provided on strong-motion records but only accurate relative time marks; the present trend, however, is to provide Universal Time ( the local mean time of the prime meridian ) by means of special radio receivers, small crystal clocks, or GPS ( Global Positioning System ) receivers from satellite clocks.

Prediction of strong ground motion and response of engineered structures in earthquakes depends critically on measurements of the spatial variability of earthquake intensities near the seismic wave source. In an effort to secure such measurements, special arrays of strong-motion seismographs have been installed in areas of high seismicity around the world.

Large-aperture seismic arrays (linear dimensions on the order of about 1/2 mile ( 0.6 mile ) to about 6 miles ( 1 kilometer to 10 kilometers ) of strong-motion accelerometers now used to improve estimations of speed, direction of propagation and types of seismic wave components.

Particularly important for full understanding of seismic wave patterns at the ground surface is measurement of the variation of wave motion with depth where to aid in this effort special digitally recording seismometers have been ‘installed in deep boreholes’.

Ocean-Bottom Measurements

70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water so, ocean-bottom seismometers augment ( add to ) global land-based system of recording stations.

Field tests have established the feasibility of extensive long-term recording by instruments on the seafloor.

Japan has a ‘semi-permanent seismograph’ system of this type placed on the seafloor off the Pacific Ocean eastcoast of centralHonshu,Japan in 1978 by means of a ‘cable’.

Because of mechanical difficulties maintaining ‘permanent ocean-bottom instrumentation’, different systems have been considered.

They ‘all involve placement of instruments on the ocean bottom’, though they employ various mechanisms for data transmission.

Signals may be transmitted to the ocean surface for retransmission by auxiliary apparatus or transmitted via cable to a shore-based station. Another system is designed to release its recording device automatically, allowing it to float to the surface for later recovery.

Ocean bottom seismograph use should yield much-improved global coverage of seismic waves and provide new information on the seismicity of oceanic regions.

Ocean-bottom seismographs will enable investigators to determine the details of the crustal structure of the seafloor and, because of the relative ‘thinness of the oceanic crust‘, should make possible collection of clear seismic information about Earth’s upper mantle.

Ocean bottom seismograph systems are also expected to provide new data, on Earth:

– Continental Shelf Plate Boundaries;

– MicroSeisms ( origins and propagations ); and,

– Ocean to Continent behavior margins.

MicroSeisms Measurements

MicroSeisms ( also known as ) ‘small ground motions’ are commonly recorded by seismographs. Small weak seismic wave motions ( also known as ) MicroSeisms are ‘not generated by earthquakes’ but in some instances can complicate accurate earthquake measurement recording. MicroSeisms are of scientific interest because their form relates to Earth surface structure.

Microseisms ( some ) have ‘local cause’, for example:

Microseisms due to traffic ( or machinery ) or local wind effects, storms and rough surf against an extended steep coastline.

Another class of microseisms exhibits features that are very similar on records traced at earthquake observatories that are widely separated, including approximately simultaneous occurrence of maximum amplitudes and similar wave frequencies. These microseisms may persist for many hours and have more or less regular periods of about five to eight seconds.

The largest amplitudes of such microseisms are on the order of 10−3 cm ( 0.0004 inch ) and ‘occur in coastal regions’. Amplitudes also depend to some extent on local geologic structure.

Some microseisms are produced when ‘large standing water waves are formed far out at sea’. The period of this type of microseism is ‘half’ of the Standing Wave.

Observations of Earthquakes

Earthquake Observatories

During the late 1950s, there were only about seven-hundred ( 700 ) seismographic stations worldwide, equipped with seismographs of various types and frequency responses – few instruments of which were calibrated; actual ground motions could not be measured, and ‘timing errors of several seconds’ were common.

The World-Wide Standardized Seismographic Network ( WWSSN ), became the first modern worldwide standardized system established to remedy that situation.

Each of the WWSSN had six ( 6 ) seismograph stations with three ( 3 ) short-period and three ( 3 ) long-period seismographs with timing and accuracy maintained by quartz crystal clocks, and a calibration pulse placed daily on each record.

By 1967, the WWSSN consisted of about one-hundred twenty ( 120 ) stations throughout sixty ( 60 ) countries, resulting in data to provide the basis for significant advances in research, on:

– Earthquakes ( mechanisms );

– Plate Tectonics ( global ); and,

– Deep-Structure Earth ( interior ).

By the 1980s a further upgrading of permanent seismographic stations began with the installation of digital equipment by a number of organizations.

Global digital seismograph station networks, now in operation, consist of:

– Seismic Research Observatories ( SRO ) within boreholes drilled 330 feet ( 100 metres ) deep in Earth ground; and,

– Modified high-gain long-period earthquake observatories located on Earth ground surfaces.

The Global Digital Seismographic Network in particular has remarkable capability, recording all motions from Earth ocean tides to microscopic ground motions at the level of local ground noise.

At present there are about 128 sites. With this system the long-term seismological goal will have been accomplished to equip global observatories with seismographs that can record every small earthquake anywhere over a broad band of frequencies.

Epicentre Earthquakes Located

Many observatories make provisional estimates of the epicentres of important earthquakes. These estimates provide preliminary information locally about particular earthquakes and serve as first approximations for the calculations subsequently made by large coordinating centres.

If an earthquake’s epicentre is less than 105° away from an earthquake observatory, the epicentre position can often be estimated from the readings of three ( 3 ) seismograms recording perpendicular components of the ground motion.

For a shallow earthquake the epicentral distance is indicated by the interval between the arrival times of P and S waves; the azimuth and angle of wave emergence at the surface indicated by somparing sizes and directions of the first ( 1st ) movements indicated by seismograms and relative sizes of later waves – particularly surface waves.

Anomaly

It should be noted, however, that in certain regions the first ( 1st ) wave movement at a station arrives from a direction differing from the azimuth toward the epicentre. This ‘anomaly is usually explained’ by ‘strong variations in geologic structures’.

When data from more than one observatory are available, an earthquake’s epicentre may be estimated from the times of travel of the P and S waves from source to recorder. In many seismically active regions, networks of seismographs with telemetry transmission and centralized timing and recording are common. Whether analog or digital recording is used, such integrated systems greatly simplify observatory work: multichannel signal displays make identification and timing of phase onsets easier and more reliable. Moreover, online microprocessors can be programmed to pick automatically, with some degree of confidence, the onset of a significant common phase, such as P, by correlation of waveforms from parallel network channels. With the aid of specially designed computer programs, seismologists can then locate distant earthquakes to within about 10 km (6 miles) and the epicentre of a local earthquake to within a few kilometres.

Catalogs of earthquakes felt by humans and of earthquake observations have appeared intermittently for many centuries. The earliest known list of instrumentally recorded earthquakes with computed times of origin and epicentres is for the period 1899 – 1903, afterwhich cataloging of earthquakes became more uniform and complete.

Especially valuable is the service provided by the International Seismological Centre ( ISC ) in Newbury, UK that monthly receives more than 1,000,000 seismic readings from more than 2,000 seismic monitoring stations worldwide and preliminary estimates locations of approximately 1,600 earthquakes from national and regional agencies and observatories.

The ISC publishes a monthly bulletin about once ( 1 ) every 2-years. The bulletin, when published, provides ‘all available information that was’ on each of more than 5,000 earthquakes.

Various national and regional centres control networks of stations and act as intermediaries between individual stations and the international organizations.

Examples of long-standing national centers include, the:

Japan Meteorological Agency; and,

U.S. National Earthquake Information Center ( NEIC ), a subdivision of the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ).

Centers, such as the aforementioned, normally make ‘local earthquake estimates’, of:

– Magnitude;

– Epicentre;

– Time origin; and,

– Focal depth.

Global seismicity data is continually accessible via Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology ( IRIS ) website.

An important research technique infers the character of faulting ( in an earthquake ) from recorded seismograms.

For example, observed distributions ( of the directions of the first onsets in waves arriving at the Earth’s surface ) have been effectively used.

Onsets are called “compressional” or “dilatational,” according to whether the direction is ‘away from’ or ‘toward’ the focus, respectively.

A polarity pattern becomes recognizable when the directions of the P-wave onsets are plotted on a map – there are broad areas in which the first onsets are predominantly compressions, separated from predominantly dilatational areas by nodal curves near which the P-wave amplitudes are abnormally small.

In 1926 the American geophysicist Perry E. Byerly used patterns of P onsets over the entire globe to infer the orientation of the fault plane in a large earthquake. The polarity method yields two P-nodal curves at the Earth’s surface; one curve is in the plane containing the assumed fault, and the other is in the plane ( called the auxiliary plane ) that passes through the focus and is perpendicular to the forces of the plane.

The recent availability of worldwide broad-based digital recording enabled computer programs written estimating the fault mechanism and seismic moment based on complete pattern of seismic wave arrivals.

Given a well-determined pattern at a number of earthquake observatories, it is possible to locate two ( 2 ) planes, one ( 1 ) of which is the plane containing the fault.

Earthquake Prediction

Earthquake Observations & Interpretations

Statistical earthquake occurrences are believed theorized, not widely accepted nor detecting periodic cycles, records of which old periodicities in time and space for major / great earthquakes cataloged are as old as 700 B.C. with China holding the ‘world’s most extensive catalog’ of approximately one ( 1 ) one-thousand ( 1,000 ) destructive earthquakes where ‘magnitude ( size )’ measurements were assessed based on ‘damage reports’ and experienced periods of ‘shaking’ and ‘other observations’ determining ‘intensity’ of those earthquakes.

Earthquake Attributions to Postulation

Precursor predictability approaches involve what some believe is sheer postulating what the initial trigger mechanisms are that force Earth ruptures, however where this becomes bizarre is where such forces have been attributed, to:

Weather Severity;

– Volcano Activity; and,

– Ocean Tide Force ( Moon ).

EXAMPLE: Correlations between physical phenomena assumed providing trigger mechanisms for earthquake repetition.

Professionals believe such must always be made to discover whether a causative link is actually present, and they further believe that to-date: ‘no cases possess any trigger mechanism’ – insofaras ‘moderate earthquakes’ to ‘large earthquakes’ unequivocally finding satisfaction with various necessary criteria.

Statistical methods also have been tried with populations of regional earthquakes with such suggested, but never established generally, that the slope b of the regression line between the logarithm of the number of earthquakes and the magnitude for a region may change characteristically with time.

Specifically, the claim is that the b value for the population of ‘foreshocks of a major earthquake’ may be ‘significantly smaller’ than the mean b value for the region averaged ‘over a long interval of time’.

Elastic rebound theory, of earthquake sources, allows rough prediction of the occurrence of large shallow earthquakes – for example – Harry F. Reid gave a crude forecast of the next great earthquake near San Francisco ( theory also predicted, of-course, the place would be along the San Andreas Fault or associated fault ). Geodetic data indicated that during an interval of 50 years relative displacements of 3.2 metres ( 10-1/2 feet ) had occurred at distant points across the fault. Elastic-rebound maximum offset ( along the fault in the 1906 earthquake ) was 6.5 metres. Therefore, ( 6.5 ÷ 3.2 ) × 50 or about 100-years would again elapse before sufficient strain accumulated for the occurrence of an earthquake comparable to that of 1906; premises being regional strain will grow uniformly and various constraints have not been altered by the great 1906 rupture itself ( such as by the onset of slow fault slip ).

Such ‘strain rates’ are now, however being more adequately measured ( along a number of active faults, e.g.San Andreas Fault) using networks of GPS sensors.

Earthquake Prediction Research

For many years prediction research has been influenced by the basic argument that ‘strain accumulates in rock masses in the vicinity of a fault, resulting in crustal deformation.

Deformations have been measured in ‘horizontal directions’ along active faults via ‘trilateration’ and ‘triangulation’ and in ‘vertical directions’ via ‘precise leveling and tiltmeters’.

Investigators ( some ) believe ‘ground-water level changes occur prior to earthquakes’ with variations of such reports from China.

Ground water levels respond to an array of complex factors ( e.g. ‘rainfall’ ) where such would have to be removed if changes in water level changes were studied in relation to earthquakes.

Phenomena Precursor Premonitories

Dilatancy theory ( i.e., volume increase of rock prior to rupture ) once occupied a central position in discussions of premonitory phenomena of earthquakes, but now receives less support based on observations that many solids exhibit dilatancy during deformation. For earthquake prediction, significance of dilatancy, if real, effects various measurable quantities of crustal Earth, i.e. seismic velocity, electric resistivity and ground and water levels. Consequences of dilatancy for earthquake prediction are summarized in the table ( below ):

The best-studied consequence is the effect on seismic velocities. The influence of internal cracks and pores on the elastic properties of rocks can be clearly demonstrated in laboratory measurements of those properties as a function of hydrostatic pressure. In the case of saturated rocks, experiments predict – for shallow earthquakes – that dilatancy occurs as a portion of the crust is stressed to failure, causing a decrease in the velocities of seismic waves. Recovery of velocity is brought about by subsequent rise of the pore pressure of water, which also has the effect of weakening the rock and enhancing fault slip.

Strain buildup in the focal region may have measurable effects on other observable properties, including electrical conductivity and gas concentration. Because the electrical conductivity of rocks depends largely on interconnected water channels within the rocks, resistivity may increase before the cracks become saturated. As pore fluid is expelled from the closing cracks, the local water table would rise and concentrations of gases such as radioactive radon would increase. No unequivocal confirming measurements have yet been published.

Geologic methods of extending the seismicity record back from the present also are being explored. Field studies indicate that the sequence of surface ruptures along major active faults associated with large earthquakes can sometimes be constructed.

An example is the series of large earthquakes inTurkeyin the 20th Century, which were caused mainly by successive westward ruptures of the North Anatolian Fault.

Liquefaction effects preserved in beds of sand and peat have provided evidence ( using radiometric dating methods ) for large paleoearthquakes back more than 1,000 years in many seismically active zones, including the U.S. Northwest Pacific Ocean Coastal Region.

Less well-grounded precursory phenomena, particularly earthquake lights and animal behaviour, sometimes draw more public attention than the precursors discussed above.

Unusual lights in the sky reported, and abnormal animal behaviour, preceding earthquakes are known to seismologists – mostly in anecdotal form.

Both phenomena, are usually explained away in terms of ( prior to earthquakes ) there being:

– Gaseous emmissions from Earth ground;

– Electric stimuli ( various ), e.g. HAARP, etcetera, from Earth ground; and,

– Acoustic stimuli ( various ), e.g. Seismic Wave subsonic emmissions from Earth ground.

At the present time, there is no definitive experimental evidence supporting reported claims of animals sometimes sensing an approaching earthquake.

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Earthquake Hazard Reduction Methods

Considerable work has been done in seismology to explain the characteristics of the recorded ground motions in earthquakes. Such knowledge is needed to predict ground motions in future earthquakes so that earthquake-resistant structures can be designed.

Although earthquakes cause death and destruction via such secondary effects ( i.e. landslides, tsunamis, fires and fault rupture ), the greatest losses ( human lives and property ) result from ‘collapsing man-made structures’ amidst violent ground shaking.

The most effective way to mitigate ( minimize ) damage from earthquakes – from an engineering standpoint – is to design and construct structures capable of withstanding ‘strong ground motions’.

Interpreting recorded ground motions

Most ‘elastic waves’ recorded ( close to an extended fault source ) are complicated and difficult to interpret uniquely.

Understanding such, near-source motion, can be viewed as a 3 part problem.

The first ( 1st ) part stems from ‘elastic wave generations’ radiating ( from the slipping fault ) as the ‘moving rupture sweeps-out an area of slip’ ( along the fault plane ) – within a given time.

Wave pattern production dependencies on several parameters, such as:

Fault dimension and rupture velocity.

Elastic waves ( various types ) radiate, from the vicinity of the moving rupture, in all directions.

Geometric and frictional properties of the fault, critically affect wave pattern radiation from it.

The second ( 2nd ) part of the problem concerns the passage of the waves through the intervening rocks to the site and the effect of geologic conditions.

The third ( 3rd ) part involves the conditions at the recording site itself, such as topography and highly attenuating soils. All these questions must be considered when estimating likely earthquake effects at a site of any proposed structure.

Experience has shown that the ground strong-motion recordings have a variable pattern in detail but predictable regular shapes in general ( except in the case of strong multiple earthquakes ).

EXAMPLE: Actual ground shaking ( acceleration, velocity and displacement ) recorded during an earthquake ( see figure below ).

In a strong horizontal shaking of the ground near the fault source, there is an initial segment of motion made up mainly of P waves, which frequently manifest themselves strongly in the vertical motion. This is followed by the onset of S waves, often associated with a longer-period pulse of ground velocity and displacement related to the near-site fault slip or fling. This pulse is often enhanced in the direction of the fault rupture and normal to it. After the S onset there is shaking that consists of a mixture of S and P waves, but the S motions become dominant as the duration increases. Later, in the horizontal component, surface waves dominate, mixed with some S body waves. Depending on the distance of the site from the fault and the structure of the intervening rocks and soils, surface waves are spread out into long trains.

Expectant Seismic Hazard Maps Constructed

In many regions, seismic expectancy maps or hazard maps are now available for planning purposes. The anticipated intensity of ground shaking is represented by a number called the peak acceleration or the peak velocity.

To avoid weaknesses found in earlier earthquake hazard maps, the following general principles are usually adopted today:

The map should take into account not only the size but also the frequency of earthquakes.

The broad regionalization pattern should use historical seismicity as a database, including the following factors: major tectonic trends, acceleration attenuation curves, and intensity reports.

Regionalization should be defined by means of contour lines with design parameters referred to ordered numbers on neighbouring contour lines ( this procedure minimizes sensitivity concerning the exact location of boundary lines between separate zones ).

The map should be simple and not attempt to microzone the region.

The mapped contoured surface should not contain discontinuities, so that the level of hazard progresses gradually and in order across any profile drawn on the map.

Developing resistant structures

Developing engineered structural designs that are able to resist the forces generated by seismic waves can be achieved either by following building codes based on hazard maps or by appropriate methods of analysis. Many countries reserve theoretical structural analyses for the larger, more costly, or critical buildings to be constructed in the most seismically active regions, while simply requiring that ordinary structures conform to local building codes. Economic realities usually determine the goal, not of preventing all damage in all earthquakes but of minimizing damage in moderate, more common earthquakes and ensuring no major collapse at the strongest intensities. An essential part of what goes into engineering decisions on design and into the development and revision of earthquake-resistant design codes is therefore seismological, involving measurement of strong seismic waves, field studies of intensity and damage, and the probability of earthquake occurrence.

Earthquake risk can also be reduced by rapid post-earthquake response. Strong-motion accelerographs have been connected in some urban areas, such as Los Angeles, Tokyo, and Mexico City, to interactive computers.

Recorded waves are correlated with seismic intensity scales and rapidly displayed graphically on regional maps via the World Wide Web.

Exploration of the Earth’s interior with seismic waves

Seismological Tomography

Deep Structure Earth seismological data from several sources, including:

– Nuclear explosions containing P-Waves and S-Waves;

– Earthquakes containing P-Waves and S-Waves;

– Earth ‘surface wave dispersions’ from ‘distant earthquakes’; and,

– Earth ‘planetary vibration’ from ‘Great Earthquakes’

One of the major aims of seismology was to infer a minimum set of properties surrounding the planet interior of Earth that might explain recorded seismic ‘wave trains’ in detail.

Deep Structure Earth exploration made ‘tremendous progress during the first half of the 20th Century ( 1900s – 1950s ), realizing goals was severely limited until the 1960s because of laborious effort required just to evaluate theoretical models and process large amounts of recorded earthquake data.

Today’s application of supercomputer high-speed data processing enormous quantities of stored data and information retrieval capabilities opened information technology ( IT ) passageways leading to major advancements in the way data is manipulated ( data handling ) for advanced theoretical modeling, research analytics and developmental prototyping.

Earth structure realistic modeling studies by researchers since the middle 1970s include continental and oceanic boundaries, mountains and river valleys rather than simple structures such as those involving variation only with depth, and various technical developments have benefited observational seismology.

EXAMPLE: Deep Structure Earth significant exploration using 3D ( three dimensional ) imaging with equally impressive display ( monitor ) equipment possible from advanced microprocessor architecture redesign, new discoveries of materials and new concepts making seismic exploratory techniques developed by petroleum industry adaptations ( e.g. seismic reflection ) highly recognized as adopted procedures.

Deep Structure Earth major methods for determining planet interior is detailed analysis of seismograms of seismic waves; noting earthquake readings additionally provide estimates of, Earth internal:

Wave velocities;

– Density; and,

– Parameters of ‘elasticity’ ( stretchable ) and ‘inelasticity’ ( fixed ).

Earthquake Travel Time

Primary procedure is to measure the travel times of various wave types, such as P and S, from their source to the recording seismograph. First, however, identification of each wave type with its ray path through the Earth must be made.

Seismic rays for many paths of P and S waves leaving the earthquake focus F are shown in the figure.

Deep-Focus Deep-Structure Earth Coremetrics

Rays corresponding to waves that have been reflected at the Earth’s outer surface (or possibly at one of the interior discontinuity surfaces) are denoted as PP, PS, SP, PSS, and so on. For example, PS corresponds to a wave that is of P type before surface reflection and of S type afterward. In addition, there are rays such as pPP, sPP, and sPS, the symbols p and s corresponding to an initial ascent to the outer surface as P or S waves, respectively, from a deep focus.

An especially important class of rays is associated with a discontinuity surface separating the central core of the Earth from the mantle at a depth of about 2,900 km (1,800 miles) below the outer surface. The symbol c is used to indicate an upward reflection at this discontinuity. Thus, if a P wave travels down from a focus to the discontinuity surface in question, the upward reflection into an S wave is recorded at an observing station as the ray PcS and similarly with PcP, ScS, and ScP. The symbol K is used to denote the part (of P type) of the path of a wave that passes through the liquid central core. Thus, the ray SKS corresponds to a wave that starts as an S wave, is refracted into the central core as a P wave, and is refracted back into the mantle, wherein it finally emerges as an S wave. Such rays as SKKS correspond to waves that have suffered an internal reflection at the boundary of the central core.

The discovery of the existence of an inner core in 1936 by the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann made it necessary to introduce additional basic symbols. For paths of waves inside the central core, the symbols i and I are used analogously to c and K for the whole Earth; therefore, i indicates reflection upward at the boundary between the outer and inner portions of the central core, and I corresponds to the part (of P type) of the path of a wave that lies inside the inner portion. Thus, for instance, discrimination needs to be made between the rays PKP, PKiKP, and PKIKP. The first of these corresponds to a wave that has entered the outer part of the central core but has not reached the inner core, the second to one that has been reflected upward at the inner core boundary, and the third to one that has penetrated into the inner portion.

By combining the symbols p, s, P, S, c, K, i, and I in various ways, notation is developed for all the main rays associated with body earthquake waves.

Hidden Inner Earth Deep Structure Anomalies

The symbol J, introduced to correspond with S waves located within Earth’s inner core, is only evidence if such ( if ever ) be found for such waves. Use of times of travel along rays to infer a hidden structure is analogous to the use of X-rays in medical tomography. The method involves reconstructing an image of internal anomalies from measurements made at the outer surface. Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of travel times of P and S waves are available in earthquake catalogs for the tomographic imaging of the Earth’s interior and the mapping of internal structure.

Inner Earth Deep Structure

Thinest & Thickest Part of Earth’s Crust

Inner Earth, based on earthquake records and imaging studies, are officially represented, as:

A solid layer flowing patterns of a mantle, at its ’thickest point’ being about 1,800-miles ( 2,900 kilometers ) thick, although at its ‘thinest point’ less than 6-miles ( 10 kilometers ) beneath the ocean seafloor bed beneath the surface of the ultra-deep sea.

The thin surface rock layer surrounding the mantle is the crust, whose lower boundary is called the Mohorovičić discontinuity. In normal continental regions the crust is about 30 kilometers to 40 km thick; there is usually a superficial low-velocity sedimentary layer underlain by a zone in which seismic velocity increases with depth. Beneath this zone there is a layer in which P-wave velocities in some places fall from 6 to 5.6 km per second. The middle part of the crust is characterized by a heterogeneous zone with P velocities of nearly 6 to 6.3 km per second. The lowest layer of the crust ( about 10 km thick ) has significantly higher P velocities, ranging up to nearly 7 km per second.

In the deep ocean there is a sedimentary layer that is about 1 km thick. Underneath is the lower layer of the oceanic crust, which is about 4 km thick. This layer is inferred to consist of basalt that formed where extrusions of basaltic magma at oceanic ridges have been added to the upper part of lithospheric plates as they spread away from the ridge crests. This crustal layer cools as it moves away from the ridge crest, and its seismic velocities increase correspondingly.

Below Earth’s mantle at its ‘thickest point’ exists a shell depth of 1,800 miles ( 2,255 km ), which seismic waves indicate, has liquid property form, and at Earth’s ‘shallowest point’ only 6-miles ( 10 kilometers ) located beneath the ultra-deep seafloor of the planet ocean.

At the very centre of the planet is a separate solid core with a radius of 1,216 km. Recent work with observed seismic waves has revealed three-dimensional structural details inside the Earth, especially in the crust and lithosphere, under the subduction zones, at the base of the mantle, and in the inner core. These regional variations are important in explaining the dynamic history of the planet.

Long-Period Global Oscillations

Sometimes earthquakes can be so great, the entire planet Earth will vibrate like a ringing bell’s echo, with the deepest tone of vibration recorded by modern man on planet Earth is a period of measurement where the length of time between the arrival of successive crests in a wave train has been 54-minutes considered by human beings as ‘grave’ ( an extremely significant danger ).

Knowledge of these vibrations has come from a remarkable extension in the ‘range of periods of ground movements’ now able to be recorded by modern ‘digital long-period seismographs’ spanning the entire allowable spectrum of earthquake wave periods, from: ordinary P waves ( with periods of tenths of seconds ) to vibrations ( with periods on the order of 12-hours and 24-hours ), i.e. those movements occuring within Earth ocean tides.

The measurements of vibrations of the whole Earth provide important information on the properties of the interior of the planet. It should be emphasized that these free vibrations are set up by the energy release of the earthquake source but continue for many hours and sometimes even days. For an elastic sphere such as the Earth, two types of vibrations are known to be possible. In one type, called S modes, or spheroidal vibrations, the motions of the elements of the sphere have components along the radius as well as along the tangent. In the second [ 2nd ] type, which are designated as T modes or torsional vibrations, there is shear but no radial displacements. The nomenclature is nSl and nTl, where the letters n and l are related to the surfaces in the vibration at which there is zero motion. Four ( 4 ) examples are illustrated in the figure. The subscript n gives a count of the number of internal zero-motion ( nodal ) surfaces, and l indicates the number of surface nodal lines.

Several hundred types of S and T vibrations have been identified and the associated periods measured. The amplitudes of the ground motion in the vibrations have been determined for particular earthquakes, and, more important, the attenuation of each component vibration has been measured. The dimensionless measure of this decay constant is called the quality factor Q. The greater the value of Q, the less the wave or vibration damping. Typically, for oS10 and oT10, the Q values are about 250.

The rate of decay of the vibrations of the whole Earth with the passage of time can be seen in the figure, where they appear superimposed for 20 hours of the 12-hour tidal deformations of the Earth. At the bottom of the figure these vibrations have been split up into a series of peaks, each with a definite frequency, similar to that of the spectrum of light.

Such a spectrum indicates the relative amplitude of each harmonic present in the free oscillations. If the physical properties of the Earth’s interior were known, all these individual peaks could be calculated directly. Instead, the internal structure must be estimated from the observed peaks.

Recent research has shown that observations of long-period oscillations of the Earth discriminate fairly finely between different Earth models. In applying the observations to improve the resolution and precision of such representations of the planet’s internal structure, a considerable number of Earth models are set up, and all the periods of their free oscillations are computed and checked against the observations. Models can then be successively eliminated until only a small range remains. In practice, the work starts with existing models; efforts are made to amend them by sequential steps until full compatibility with the observations is achieved, within the uncertainties of the observations. Even so, the resulting computed Earth structure is not a unique solution to the problem.

Extraterrestrial Seismic Phenomena

Space vehicles have carried equipment onto the our Moon and Mars surface recording seismic waves from where seismologists on Earth receive telemetry signals from seismic events from both.

By 1969, seismographs had been placed at six sites on the Moon during the U.S. Apollo missions. Recording of seismic data ceased in September 1977. The instruments detected between 600 and 3,000 moonquakes during each year of their operation, though most of these seismic events were very small. The ground noise on the lunar surface is low compared with that of the Earth, so that the seismographs could be operated at very high magnifications. Because there was more than one station on the Moon, it was possible to use the arrival times of P and S waves at the lunar stations from the moonquakes to determine foci in the same way as is done on the Earth.

Moonquakes are of three types. First, there are the events caused by the impact of lunar modules, booster rockets, and meteorites. The lunar seismograph stations were able to detect meteorites hitting the Moon’s surface more than 1,000 km (600 miles) away. The two other types of moonquakes had natural sources in the Moon’s interior: they presumably resulted from rock fracturing, as on Earth. The most common type of natural moonquake had deep foci, at depths of 600 to 1,000 km; the less common variety had shallow focal depths.

Seismological research on Mars has been less successful. Only one of the seismometers carried to the Martian surface by the U.S. Viking landers during the mid-1970s remained operational, and only one potential marsquake was detected in 546 Martian days.

Historical Major Earthquakes

Major historical earthquakes chronological listing in table ( below ).

 

Major Earthquake History

Year

Region / Area

Affected

* Mag.

Intensity

Human Death

Numbers

( approx. )

Remarks

c. 1500 BCE

Knossos,

Crete

(Greece)

X

One of several events that leveled the capital of Minoan civilization, this quake accompanied the explosion of the nearby volcanic islandof Thera.

27 BCE

Thebes

(Egypt)

This quake cracked one of the statues known as the Colossi of Memnon, and for almost two centuries the “singing Memnon” emitted musical tones on certain mornings as it was warmed by the Sun’s rays.

62 CE

Pompeii

and Herculaneum

(Italy)

X

These two prosperous Roman cities had not yet recovered from the quake of 62 when they were buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79.

115

AntiochAntakya,

(Turkey)

XI

A centre of Hellenistic and early Christian culture, Antiochsuffered many devastating quakes; this one almost killed the visiting Roman emperor Trajan.

1556

Shaanxi

( province )

China

IX

830,000

Deadliest earthquake ever recorded, possible.

1650

Cuzco

(Peru)

8.1

VIII

Many ofCuzco’s Baroque monuments date to the rebuilding of the city after this quake.

1692

Port Royal (Jamaica)

2,000

Much of thisBritish West Indiesport, a notorious haven for buccaneers and slave traders, sank beneath the sea following the quake.

1693

southeasternSicily,

(Italy)

XI

93,000

Syracuse, Catania, and Ragusa were almost completely destroyed but were rebuilt with a Baroque splendour that still attracts tourists.

1755

Lisbon,Portugal

XI

62,000

The Lisbon earthquake of 1755 was felt as far away asAlgiers and caused a tsunami that reached theCaribbean.

1780

Tabriz

(Iran)

7.7

200,000

This ancient highland city was destroyed and rebuilt, as it had been in 791, 858, 1041, and 1721 and would be again in 1927.
1811 – 1812

NewMadrid,Missouri

(USA)

7.5 – 7.7

XII

A series of quakes at the New Madrid Fault caused few deaths, but the New Madrid earthquake of 1811 – 1812 rerouted portions of the Mississippi River and was felt fromCanada to theGulf of Mexico.

1812

Caracas

(Venezuela)

9.6

X

26,000

A provincial town in 1812,Caracasrecovered and eventually becameVenezuela’s capital.

1835

Concepción,

(Chile)

8.5

35

British naturalist Charles Darwin, witnessing this quake, marveled at the power of the Earth to destroy cities and alter landscapes.

1886

Charleston,South Carolina

(USA)

IX

60

This was one of the largest quakes ever to hit the easternUnited States.

1895

Ljubljana

(Slovenia)

6.1

VIII

ModernLjubljanais said to have been born in the rebuilding after this quake.

1906

San Francisco,California

(USA)

7.9

XI

700

San Franciscostill dates its modern development from the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 and the resulting fires.

1908

Messina and Reggio di Calabria,Italy

7.5

XII

110,000

These two cities on theStraitofMessinawere almost completely destroyed in what is said to beEurope’s worst earthquake ever.

1920

Gansu

( province )

China

8.5

200,000

Many of the deaths in this quake-prone province were caused by huge landslides.

1923

Tokyo-Yokohama,

(Japan)

7.9

142,800

Japan’s capital and its principal port, located on soft alluvial ground, suffered severely from the Tokyo-Yokohama earthquake of 1923.

1931

Hawke Bay,New Zealand

7.9

256

The bayside towns of Napier and Hastings were rebuilt in an Art Deco style that is now a great tourist attraction.

1935

Quetta (Pakistan)

7.5

X

20,000

The capital of Balochistan province was severely damaged in the most destructive quake to hitSouth Asiain the 20th century.

1948

Ashgabat (Turkmenistan)

7.3

X

176,000

Every year,Turkmenistancommemorates the utter destruction of its capital in this quake.

1950

Assam,India

8.7

X

574

The largest quake ever recorded inSouth Asiakilled relatively few people in a lightly populated region along the Indo-Chinese border.

1960

Valdivia

and

Puerto Montt,

(Chile)

9.5

XI

5,700

The Chile earthquake of 1960, the largest quake ever recorded in the world, produced a tsunami that crossed the Pacific Ocean toJapan, where it killed more than 100 people.

1963

Skopje,Macedonia

6.9

X

1,070

The capital ofMacedoniahad to be rebuilt almost completely following this quake.

1964

Prince William Sound,Alaska,U.S.

9.2

131

Anchorage, Seward, and Valdez were damaged, but most deaths in the Alaska earthquake of 1964 were caused by tsunamis inAlaska and as far away asCalifornia.

1970

Chimbote,Peru

7.9

70,000

Most of the damage and loss of life resulting from the Ancash earthquake of 1970 was caused by landslides and the collapse of poorly constructed buildings.

1972

Managua,Nicaragua

6.2

10,000

The centre of the capital ofNicaraguawas almost completely destroyed; the business section was later rebuilt some 6 miles (10 km) away.

1976

Guatemala City,Guatemala

7.5

IX

23,000

Rebuilt following a series of devastating quakes in 1917–18, the capital ofGuatemalaagain suffered great destruction.

1976

Tangshan,

(China)

7.5

X

242,000

In the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, this industrial city was almost completely destroyed in the worst earthquake disaster in modern history.

1985

Michoacán state and Mexico City,Mexico

8.1

IX

10,000

The centre of Mexico City, built largely on the soft subsoil of an ancient lake, suffered great damage in the Mexico City earthquake of 1985.

1988

Spitak and Gyumri,Armenia

6.8

X

25,000

This quake destroyed nearly one-third ofArmenia’s industrial capacity.

1989

Loma Prieta,California,U.S.

7.1

IX

62

The San Francisco–Oakland earthquake of 1989, the first sizable movement of the San Andreas Fault since 1906, collapsed a section of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.

1994

Northridge,

California

(USA)

6.8

IX

60

Centred in the urbanized San Fernando Valley, the Northridge earthquake of 1994 collapsed freeways and some buildings, but damage was limited by earthquake-resistant construction.

1995

Kobe,

(Japan)

6.9

XI

5,502

The Great Hanshin Earthquake destroyed or damaged 200,000 buildings and left 300,000 people homeless.

1999

Izmit,Turkey

7.4

X

17,000

The Izmit earthquake of 1999 heavily damaged the industrial city ofIzmit and the naval base at Golcuk.

1999

Nan-t’ou county,Taiwan

7.7

X

2,400

The Taiwan earthquake of 1999, the worst to hitTaiwan since 1935, provided a wealth of digitized data for seismic and engineering studies.

2001

Bhuj,

Gujarat

( state )

India

8.0

X

20,000

The Bhuj earthquake of 2001, possibly the deadliest ever to hitIndia, was felt acrossIndia andPakistan.

2003

Bam

(Iran)

6.6

IX

26,000

This ancientSilk Roadfortress city, built mostly of mud brick, was almost completely destroyed.

2004

Aceh

( province )

Sumatra

(Indonesia)

9.1

200,000

The deaths resulting from this offshore quake actually were caused by a tsunami originating in the Indian Ocean that, in addition to killing more than 150,000 inIndonesia, killed people as far away asSri Lanka andSomalia.

2005

Azad Kashmir

(Pakistanadministered )

( Kashmir )

7.6

VIII

80,000

The Kashmir earthquake of 2005, perhaps the deadliest shock ever to strikeSouth Asia, left hundreds of thousands of people exposed to the coming winter weather.

2008

Sichuan

( province )

(China

7.9

IX

69,000

The Sichuan earthquake of 2008 left over 5 million people homeless across the region, and over half of Beichuan city was destroyed by the initial seismic event and the release of water from a lake formed by nearby landslides.

2009

L’Aquila,

(Italy)

6.3

VIII

300

The L’Aquila earthquake of 2009 left more than 60,000 people homeless and damaged many of the city’s medieval buildings.

2010

Port-au-Prince,

(Haiti)

7.0

IX

316,000

The Haiti earthquake of 2010 devastated the metropolitan area ofPort-au-Prince and left an estimated 1.5 million survivors homeless.

2010

Maule,

(Chile)

8.8

VIII

521

The Chile earthquake of 2010 produced widespread damage inChile’s central region and triggered tsunami warnings throughout the Pacific basin.

2010

Christchurch,(New Zealand)

7.0

VIII

180

Most of the devastation associated with the Christchurch earthquakes of 2010–11 resulted from a magnitude-6.3 aftershock that struck on February 22, 2011.

2011

Honshu,

(Japan)

9.0

VIII

20,000

The powerful Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011, which sent tsunami waves across the Pacific basin, caused widespread damage throughout easternHonshu.

2011

Erciş

And

Van,

(Turkey)

7.2

IX

The Erciş-Van earthquake of 2011 destroyed several apartment complexes and shattered mud-brick homes throughout the region.
  Data Sources: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), National Geophysical Data Center ( NGDC ), Significant Earthquake Database ( SED ), a searchable online database using the Catalog of Significant Earthquakes 2150 B.C. – 1991 A.D. ( with Addenda ), and U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ), Earthquake Hazards Program.  * Measures of magnitude may differ from other sources.

ARTICLE

AdditionalReading

Earthquakes are covered mainly in books on seismology.

Recommended introductory texts, are:

Bruce A. Bolt, Earthquakes, 4th ed. (1999), and Earthquakes and Geological Discovery (1993); and,

Jack Oliver, Shocks and Rocks: Seismology and the Plate Tectonics Revolution (1996).

Comprehensive books on key aspects of seismic hazards, are:

Leon Reiter, Earthquake Hazard Analysis – Issues and Insights (1990); and,

Robert S. Yeats, Kerry Sieh, and Clarence R. Allen, The Geology of Earthquakes (1997).

A history of discrimination, between:

Underground nuclear explosions and natural earthquakes, is given by:

Bruce A. Bolt, “Nuclear Explosions and Earthquakes: The Parted Veil” ( 1976 ).

More advanced texts that treat the theory of earthquake waves in detail, are:

Agustín Udías, Principles of Seismology (1999);

Thorne Lay and Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology (1995);

Peter M. Shearer, Introduction to Seismology (1999); and,

K.E. Bullen and Bruce A. Bolt, An Introduction to the Theory of Seismology, 4th ed. (1985).

LINKS

Year in Review

Britannica provides coverage of “earthquake” in the following Year in Review articles.

Bhutan  ( in  Bhutan )

geophysics  ( in  geophysics )

Japan

Kyrgyzstan  (in  Kyrgyzstan)

Nepal  (in  Nepal)

New Zealand  (in  New Zealand )

Chile  (in  Chile: Year In Review 2010)

China  (in  China: Year In Review 2010)

“Engineering for Earthquakes”  ( in  Engineering for Earthquakes: Year In Review 2010 (earthquake) )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2010)

Haiti  (in  Haiti: Year In Review 2010; in  Haiti earthquake of 2010 )

Mauritius  (in  Mauritius: Year In Review 2010)

New Zealand  (in  New Zealand: Year In Review 2010 )

Bhutan  (in  Bhutan: Year In Review 2009)

Costa Rica  (in  Costa Rica: Year In Review 2009 )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2009)

Indonesia  (in  Indonesia: Year In Review 2009)

Italy  (in  Italy: Year In Review 2009; in  Vatican City State: Year In Review 2009 )

Samoa  (in  Samoa: Year In Review 2009)

“Major Earthquake Shakes China’s Sichuan Province, A”  ( in  A Major Earthquake Shakes China’s Sichuan Province: Year In Review 2008 (earthquake) )

China  (in  China: Year In Review 2008; in  United Nations: Year In Review 2008 )

Congo, Democratic Republic of the  (in  Democratic Republic of the Congo: Year In Review 2008)

geology  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2008)

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2008 )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2007)

paleontology  (in  Life Sciences: Year In Review 2007)

Peru  (in  Peru: Year In Review 2007 )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2006)

glaciers  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2006)

Mozambique  (in  Mozambique: Year In Review 2006)

archaeology  ( in  Anthropology and Archaeology: Year In Review 2005 )

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2005)

India  (in  India: Year In Review 2005 )

Pakistan(in  Pakistan: Year In Review 2005 )

“Cataclysm in Kashmir”  (in  Cataclysm in Kashmir: Year In Review 2005 (Jammu and Kashmir))

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 2004)

Japan  (in  Japan: Year In Review 2004)

tsunami  (in  The Deadliest Tsunami: Year In Review 2004 (tsunami))

geophysics  (in  Earth Sciences: Year In Review 1996)

geophysics  (in  Earth and Space Sciences: Year In Review 1995)

LINKS

Other Britannica Sites

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Articles from Britannica encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.

Earthquake – Children’s Encyclopedia ( Ages 8-11 ) – During an earthquake, huge masses of rock move beneath the Earth’s surface and cause the ground to shake. Earthquakes occur constantly around the world. Often they are too small for people to feel at all. Sometimes, however, earthquakes cause great losses of life and property.

Earthquake – Student Encyclopedia ( Ages 11 and up ) – Sudden shaking of the ground that occurs when masses of rock change position below Earth’s surface is called an earthquake. The shifting masses send out shock waves that may be powerful enough to alter the surface, thrusting up cliffs and opening great cracks in the ground.

The topic earthquake is discussed at the following external Web sites.

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Feeling ‘educated’? Think you’re out-of the earthquake and tsunami water subject?

March 23, 2012 news, however contradicts decades of professional scientific knowledge and studies so, if you were just feeling ‘overly educated’ about earthquakes and tsunamis – don’t be. You’re now lost at sea, in the same proverbial ‘boat’, with all those global government scientific and technical ( S&T ) professionals who thought they understood previous information surrounding earthquakes and tsunamis.

After comparing Japan 9.0 ‘earthquake directional arrows’, depicted on the charts ( further above ), with ocean currents, tidal charts and trade winds from the global jet stream there’s a problem that cannot be explained when on March 23, 2012 British Columbia, Canada reported its northwest Pacific Ocean coastal sea waters held a 100-foot fishing boat ‘still afloat’ – more than 1-year after the Japan tsunami from its 9.0 earthquake on March 11, 2011.

[ IMAGE ( above ): 11MAR11 Japan 9.0 earthquake tsunami vistim fishing boat ( 50-metre ) found more than 1-year later still adrift in the Pacific Ocean – but thousands of miles away – off North America Pacific Ocean west coastal territory of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada ( Click on image to enlarge ) ]

– – – –

Source: CBS News – British Columbia ( Canada )

Tsunami Linked Fishing Boat Adrift Off B.C.

Nobody Believed Aboard 50-Meter Vessel Swept Away In 2011 Japanese Disaster CBC News

March 23, 2012 21:35 ( PST ) Updated from: 23MAR12 18:59 ( PST )

A Japanese fishing boat that was washed out to sea in the March 2011 Japanese tsunami has been located adrift off the coast of British Columbia ( B.C. ), according to the federal Transport Ministry.

The 50-metre vessel was spotted by the crew of an aircraft on routine patrol about 275 kilometres off Haida Gwaii, formerly known as the Queen Charlotte Islands, ministry spokeswoman Sau Sau Liu said Friday.

“Close visual aerial inspection and hails to the ship indicate there is no one on board,” Liu said. “The owner of the vessel has been contacted and made aware of its location.”

U.S. Senator Maria Cantwell, ofWashington, said in a release that the boat was expected to drift slowly southeast.

“On its current trajectory and speed, the vessel would not [ yet ] make landfall for approximately 50-days,” Cantwell said. Cantwell did not specify where landfall was expected to be.

First large debris

The boat is the first large piece of debris found following the earthquake and tsunami that struckJapanone year ago.

Scientists, at the University of Hawaii say a field of about 18,000,000 million tonnes of debris is slowly being carried by ocean currents toward North America. The field is estimated to be about 3,200 kilometres long and 1,600 kilometres wide.

Scientists have estimated some of the debris would hit B.C. shores by 2014.

Some people on the west coast of Vancouver Island believe ‘smaller pieces of debris have already washed ashore there’.

The March 11, 2011, tsunami was generated after a magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck off the coast of northern Japan. The huge waves and swells of the tsunami moved inland and then retreated back into the Pacific Ocean, carrying human beings, wreckage of buildings, cars and boats.

Nearly 19,000 people were killed.

Reference

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2012/03/23/bc-fishing-boat-tsunami-debris.html?cmp=rss

– – – –

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Kentron Intellect Research Vault

E-MAIL: KentronIntellectResearchVault@Gmail.Com

WWW: http://KentronIntellectResearchVault.WordPress.Com

References

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/japan/031111_M9.0prelim_geodetic_slip.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale
http://www.gsi.go.jp/cais/topic110315.2-index-e.html
http://www.seismolab.caltech.edu
http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/slip_history/2011_taiheiyo-oki
http://supersites.earthobservations.org/ARIA_japan_co_postseismic.pdf
ftp://sideshow.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/usrs/ARIA/README.txt
http://speclib.jpl.nasa.gov/documents/jhu_desc
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/pacnw/paleo/greateq/conf.php
http://www.passcal.nmt.edu/content/array-arrays-elusive-ets-cascadia-subduction-zone
http://wcda.pgc.nrcan.gc.ca:8080/wcda/tams_e.php
http://www.pnsn.org/tremor
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqscanv/Quakes/quakes_all.html
http://nthmp.tsunami.gov
http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov
http://www.pnsn.org/NEWS/PRESS_RELEASES/CAFE/CAFE_intro.html
http://www.pnsn.org/WEBICORDER/DEEPTREM/summer2009.html
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/prepare
http://www.passcal.nmt.edu/content/usarray
http://www.iris.washington.edu/hq
http://www.iris.edu/dms/dmc
http://www.iris.edu/dhi/clients.htm
http://www.iris.edu/hq/middle_america/docs/presentations/1026/MORENO.pdf
http://www.unavco.org/aboutus/history.html
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/monitoring/anss
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/asl
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/asl/data
http://www.usarray.org/files/docs/pubs/US_Data_Plan_Final-V7.pdf
http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/gis/station_comma_list.asc
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/physics/lab
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/asl/data
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/Pangaea.html
http://coaps.fsu.edu/scatterometry/meeting/docs/2009_august/intro/shimoda.pdf
http://coaps.fsu.edu/scatterometry/meeting/past.php
http://eqinfo.ucsd.edu/dbrecenteqs/anza
http://www.ceri.memphis.edu/seismic
http://conceptactivityresearchvault.wordpress.com/2011/03/28/global-environmental-intelligence-gei
http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=157&page=1
https://login.afwa.af.mil/register/
https://login.afwa.af.mil/amserver/UI/Login?goto=https%3A%2F%2Fweather.afwa.af.mil%3A443%2FHOST_HOME%2FDNXM%2FWRF%2Findex.html
http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/news/2011/space-110225-afns01.htm
http://www.wrf-model.org/plots/wrfrealtime.php

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )

Global Environmental Intelligence - GEI

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )
by, Kentron Intellect Research Vault ( KIRV )

TUCSON, Arizona – March 7, 2012 – Nebraska is part of America’s heartland where less than fifty ( 50 ) people are ‘officially designated’ – by the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) – to analyze the pulsebeat of ‘doom and gloom’ through ‘scientific terms’ calculated within a new ‘strategic center’ using the latest ultra high-tech computer system, software application program modules and networking capabilities for what ‘global government national infrastructures’ expect, based on what the National Aeronautic Space Administration ( NASA ) warned would hit Earth during the current ”Solar Maximum” ( Cycle 24 ) sending a ‘significant’ “Solar Energetic Particle Event” ( SEPE ) to Earth that “we all need to be concerned about.”

What possibly could go wrong?

We’re all protected, aren’t we?

We are ‘not protected against natural events’ that we have ‘no control over’, but governments have been doing their best to monitor activities, which is one ( 1 ) reason ‘why’ the United States Air Force ( USAF ) ‘subordinate organization’ known as its Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) analyzes significant scientific data from horizons above and below the Earth, searching for clues as to what ‘natural significant event’ ( i.e. Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ), tectonic plate shift ( continental earthquakes ),  magnetic pole shift ( climate change ), or something else as dramatic will occur.

The sole “Mission” of the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) is tasked as the only U.S. government Agency ‘officially designated to analyze’ incredible amounts of scientific doom and gloom information the public might think came from ‘doomsday prophets’ concerned about Earth calamities going to happen soon.

Space Weather Earth Forecasting

Current official information ( received 24-hours a day and 365-days a year ) by the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) and its host Directorate of Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ), group of ‘solar observatories’, ‘satellites’, ‘spacecraft’, ‘interstellar lightwave spectral and radio-frequency ( RF ) imaging sensors’, ‘telescopes’ with a wide array of ‘cameras’ as well as ‘human observers’ are continuing to report enough worrisome information that would scare many of us, but – ‘officially’ – the public will never know ‘what’ is about to befall them or ‘when’ that will occur.

After a considerable amount of research into this subject, the U.S. Air Force was caught ‘publicly admitting’ they are able to “know within minutes” as to ‘what significant Earth Event is coming’ and just ‘when it will arrive’ – anywhere between a few hours up-to days in-advance’, but the public will never be informed. Why?

Doom & Gloom or Fantasy Island?

Undoubtedly, classified ( in the ‘interest of national security’ ), would be the officially given reason to the public. Some might ask, “But, for ‘whose’ “security?” People, for the most part, are ‘not secure’ – especially when facing a pending injurious consequence resulting in ruination of life as they may have come to know their’s – and most gravitate toward wanting to “be with family” ( or “loved ones” ) as any pending cataclysmic Earth Event draws nearer to them all. The U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ), however realizes that being occupants of planet Earth is ‘not the same thing as’ “Fantasy Island” or a trip to “McDonaldland” as the rest of the public at-large has come to know ‘their version’ of what planet Earth is for ‘them’ and their children.

Preparedness

What may even be more interesting to the public is to review official U.S. data surrounding what U.S. Air Force commands ‘are already preparing for’, what ‘they already have set in-place’ for ‘everyone living in the Continental United States ( CONUS )’, and ‘how they are going to accomplish’ their secret-sensitive “Mission” on ‘people’ throughout the United States. This is ‘definitely not’ a ‘science fiction movie’ or ‘Orwellian Theory’ within this report, but strictly what the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency and another U.S. Air Force ‘subordinate organization’, the Air and Space Operations ( ASO ), Director of Weather ( USAF Deputy Chief of Staff ) has ‘recently laid-out publicly’, but for the ‘public’ to decipher ‘all of what was so officially presented’ many were lost in the government psychobabble resulting in no impact on the public as to the ‘seriousness’ for what they need to ‘begin preparing for’.

Television Commercial ‘Official Advertisement’ Already Warned Public!

Recently ( 2010 and 2011 ), the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) began advertising its own advertising commercial on American television. The FEMA TV ad commercial ’warns the public to prepare’ for an “unexpected Event” that “can suddenly turn your life – and those around you – ‘upside down’.”

FEMA’s TV commercial advertisement ( see video clip – below ) is easily recalled by those who watch / watched it – depicting a ‘family inside a home’ where all of a sudden everything inside the home’ begins floating up in the air; as though ‘gravity was somehow suddeny lost’. This ‘professionally produced television commercial advertisement’ from FEMA ‘stylishly warns people to prepare for any unexpected natural disaster Earth Event, however FEMA did not describe ‘what type of event strike for people to expect’.

The sadest part about this is that the U.S. government actually considers this television commercial advertisement an “official public warning to prepare for a national disaster” while simultaneously the U.S. government hopes the commercial will ‘not’ create ‘panic’ or ‘chaos’ in the streets that would disrupt ‘skyrocketing profits’ received by ‘global elite’ and/or ‘big business’ through their stock market portfolios. In short, this alluding to a national disaster is nothing short of being the ‘Biggest Show On Earth’ continuing profits from basic living expenses saddling the ‘little people’, ‘worthless eaters’, and ‘consumers of “blue gold” ( water ) the global elite predict will rise – more-so than precious metals – after such an Earth Disaster Event ( EDE ).

Survival By Chance or Circumstance

One of the most worrisome concerns, after reviewing this report ( filled with official U.S. government information’ ), is: ‘What’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ U.S. government ‘decision-makers’ react to their ‘official alert’. Many will undoubtedly and instantly gather with ‘their families’, however ‘what about the rest of us’ gathering with ‘our families? We will not be provided the same ‘early alert’ to even know – until after it ( significant Earth Event ) already takes place! Is this ‘fair’? Is this ‘just’? Is this ‘humane’? Or, is this pure and unadulterated ‘elitist selfishness’ that government affords for only a ‘select few’ lucky souls fortunate enough to be provided with sufficient warning in-advance and additionally told were to go and what to do in order to escape the wrath of such a cataclysmic Earth Event? Few people realize that those ‘decision-makers’ have already been instructed in-advance as to ‘what’ they need to do and ‘when’ they need to do it.

AFWA Notifies 350 Military Installations About Earth Disaster Event

Even more frightening is, ‘what’ the U.S. military has ‘already been commanded’ as to ‘how to accomplish’ their “Mission” based on a highly-classified U.S. Presidential Executive Order ( EO ) turning the U.S. population over to U.S. military control. The U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) was also ‘officially designated’ as the “Agency” ‘controlling internet ( cyberspace ) shutdown’, according to the report ( below ) and further researching the capabilities of its ‘subordinate organization’ ( un-named ) “Strategic Center.”

Current Reporting Revelations

This report contains ‘no old news’ but ‘new official U.S. government revelations’, which cause the public to re-think where they are and what is coming. The only information this report does ‘not’ provide publicly are the ‘names’, ‘addresses, ‘phone numbers’, and ‘photographs’ of those ‘key individuals’ whom are ‘already designated’ as those ‘ready’, ‘willing’ and ‘able’ to ‘perform as ordered on-command’ – even if that command is ‘unable to be given’ after a cataclysmic Earth Event!

Reviewers Need To Know

There are only two ( 2 ) ‘official U.S. government reports’ provided ( below ) in this report, which contains internet links to more ‘official information’ on this subject.

Knowing the public at-large, and hot it predominantly enjoys ‘entertaining flowery written articles’ – they never bother to  ‘research’ anything further about’ – this report was purposely kept ‘short and sweet’ ( no flowers – no frills ). It includes an ‘official government article’ that was converted into a ‘very simple outline’, and that is followed-up with yet another ‘official government article’ left as-is. Hopefully, some may consume this report far-easier than others at this website so its point on this subject may be even-better publicly received.

The first ( 1st ) report ( included immediately below ) was ‘thoroughly analyzed’ in its ‘original format’, and then – based on ‘even more detailed official information’ discovered – was ‘re-formatted into an even-more proper perspective’, and – for the sake of making this report far-more easily comprehendible for public review – it was finally ‘converted into a simple outline format’ but only because of the fashion by-which government complicated the original public information release’; saying everything but not saying it very well for the public to easily understand.

The second ( 2nd ) report ( further below ) was left in its ‘original format’ because anyone reviewing it can quickly understand the nature of the ‘true problems’ surrounding what we all are going to be facing soon enough.

You be the judge, as to ‘what’ you will do, to ‘prepare’ for the ‘officially expected’ Earth Event. Enjoy the report ( below ) and be sure to click on the embedded links to learn more about ‘what effects’ are ‘coming’ and ‘what’ the U.S. Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) is preparing for.

Tell a friend about what you review ( below ) and your reply may be, “You can’t trust what you read on the internet.” If anyone does ‘not trust’ this report ( below ) – or anything else on this website – they should click on the ‘official government website links’ ( provided at the bottom of this report, and other links found herein ) – if they are equipped with an ‘attention-span’ ( longer than a bug ) or ‘not easily distracted’ by something as simple as a ‘horn honk’ – then they can ‘research it all’ for themselves and try to prove this information and you are incorrect.

Many will be amazed at how much these official government revelations will help them to prepare for more than ‘entertainment’.

– – – –

Source: United States Air Force ( USAF ) Weather Agency ( AFWA )

Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) 106 Peacekeeper Drive, Suite 2 Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska 68113-4039 USA TEL: +1 (402) 232-8166 ( Public Affairs ) TEL: DSN TEL: 272-8166 ( DSN )

HISTORY –

United States Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – aka – Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) claims heritage extrapolated back to World War I, when the U.S. Army ( USA ) ‘subordinate organization’ Signal Corps ( ASC ) ‘subordinate organization’ “Meteorological Service” ( SCMC ) provided ‘weather support’ for U.S. Army defense aircraft pilots.

Amidst the legacy of the U.S. Secretary of War, ( known ‘today’ as ) U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ), it – having realized its ‘subordinate organization’ U.S. Army had ‘increasing military personnel numbers’ due to an ‘increasing defense stockpile inventory’ of U.S. Army ‘militarized aircraft’ – created a ‘then-new subordinate organization’ known as the U.S. Army ( USA ) Air Corps ( AAC ) that became well-known as the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ).

On July 1, 1937 the U.S. Secretary of War ‘reorganized’ the U.S. Army ‘subordinate organization’ Signal Corps ( ASC ) ‘subordinate organization’ Metereological Service ( MS ) ‘out-of’ the Signal Corps ( SC ) and ‘in-to’ the U.S. Army ( USA ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air Corps ( ASC ) as its ‘then-new subordinate organization’ Meteorological Service ( ACMS ).

On April 14, 1943 the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) ‘subordinate organization’ Meteorological Service ( MS ) was ‘renamed’ “Weather Wing” ( WW ) and ‘physically moved’ to an Asheville, North Carolina location – where ‘today’ the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) has its 14th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) located.

In 1945, the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) Weather Wing ( ACWW ) was ‘renamed’ the U.S. Army Air Corps “Weather Service” ( ACWS ).

In early 1946, the U.S. Army Air Corps Weather Service ( ACWS ) was ‘physically moved’ from Asheville, North Carolina to the U.S. Army Air Corps Langley Field Station – where ‘today’ Langley Air Force Base ( LAFB ) is located.

On March 13, 1946 the U.S. Army Air Corps Weather Service ( ACWS ) was ‘reorganized’ under the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) ‘new subordinate organization’ Air Transport Command ( ATC ) where its ‘then-new subordinate organization’ “Weather Service” ( ACWS ) was ‘renamed’ “Air Weather Service” ( AWS ).

Later-on, in 1946, the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) Air Transport Command ( ATC ) Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was ‘physically moved’ to Gravelly Point, Virginia.

In 1947, the U.S. Army Air Corps ( USAAC ) was ‘renamed’ United States Air Force ( USAF ) whereupon the “Air Weather Service” ( AWS ) became ‘directly under it’ and assumed ‘sole responsibility’ over ‘all global weather reporting’ and ‘all global weather forecasting’ for ‘both’ the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army.

In 1948, the USAF ‘newly activated’ Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) – ( known ‘today’ as ) Military Airlift Command ( MAC ) – then-received its ‘newly-transferred subordinate organization’ Air Weather Service ( AWS ) that was ‘removed from being directly under’ USAF ‘headquarters’. USAF Military Air Transport Service ( MATS ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was then ‘physically moved’ to Andrews Air Force Base ( AAFB ) in Maryland.

In 1958, the USAF Military Airlift Command ( MAC ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was then ‘physically moved’ to Scott Air Force Base ( SAFB ) in Illinois where – for almost 40-years – it remained.

In 1991, the USAF Military Airlift Command ( MAC ) ‘subordinate organization’ Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was ‘redesignated’ as a “field operating agency” and then ‘reorganized’ directly back under USAF ‘headquarters’.

On October 15, 1997 the USAF Air Weather Service ( AWS ) was ‘redesignated’ as the “Air Force Weather Agency” ( AFWA ) and ‘physically moved’ to Offutt Air Force Base ( OAFB ) in Nebraska where it remains ‘today’ – at least for the moment.

– –

United States Air Force ( USAF )

USAF Weather Agency ( USAFWA )

BUDGET –

$183,000,000 million U.S. dollars ( annually ) includes $98,000,000 million dollars for ‘Operations’ and ‘Maintenance’.

ESTABLISHED –

October 15, 1997.

LOCATION –

Offutt Air Force Base ( OAFB ) in Nebraska ( USA ).

REPORTING –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ), Director of Weather ( DOW ), Deputy Chief of Staff ( DCS ).

MISSION –

Enable U.S. decision makers’ exploitation of all ‘resources’ based-on ‘relevant’ Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) for a ‘global spectrum of military warfare’ by ‘maximizing U.S. power, over:

– Land; – Air; – Space; and, – Internet ( cyberspace ).

PERSONNEL –

1,400 + manned, by:

– Military ( active-duty and reserve ); – Contractors ( government contracts ); and, – Civilians.

ORGANIZATION –

– ? ( # ) Agencies ( staff ); – Two ( 2 ) Weather Groups ( WXG – Coordinators ); – Fourteen + ( 14 + ) Weather Squadrons ( OWS – Directorates ); – Five ( 5 ) Observatories ( solar ); and, – One ( 1 ) Strategic Operation Systems Center ( Unknown – ‘subordinate organization’ ).

– –

USAFWA

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )

DATA –

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) data is ‘collected’ from a variety of ‘information monitoring sources’ ( Earth based and space based locations ) providing a variety of ‘data feed streams’ of information from a computer operated system network out-of a ‘Strategic Center’ processing indications detecting almost any ‘significant natural negative impact’ that ‘could occur’ on ‘people’ and ‘national infractures’ throughout ‘global geographic regions’ and in ‘outerspace’.

SOURCES –

GEI data is provided by, many sources, amongst-which, its ( subordinate ) Strategic Center that processes data through its Computer Operation Systems Network that receives ‘channeled data streams’ from ‘encoded data telemetry’ sent from ‘ground-base sourced’ and ‘space-based sourced’ detection monitors comprised, of:

– Ground Sensors ( infra-red, spectral and sonic );; – Submerged Sensors ( infra-red, spectral and sonic );; – Space-based Sensors ( lightwave, spectral and sonic ); – Long-Range Telescopes ( radio-frequency wave, optical lightwave and sonic ); – Imaging Cameras ( lightwave, spectral and sonic ); and, – Human Observers ( various means ).

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A6 –

The U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Communications Directorate ( ” A6 ” ) ‘provides’ the ‘policy oversight’ and ‘planning  oversight’ of Command, Control, and Communication Intelligence ( C3I ) for the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ).

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Communications Directorate ( A6 ) also ‘provides support’ over ‘daily operations’, ‘contingency actions’, and ‘general’ Command, Control, Communication and Computer Intelligence ( C4I ) for the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ).

– –

USAFWA

Weather Groups ( WXD ) –

Weather Groups ( WXD ) are specifically designated to, coordinate:

– Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) – Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ).

– –

USAFWA

Operational Weather SquadronS ( OWS ) –

STATIONS –

A ‘minimum’ of fourteen ( 14 ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) are on-station ( active ) 24 hours per day 7 days per week 365 weeks per year to mitigate ( handle ) Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) issues.

Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) – also known as – Weather Squadrons ( WS ) are ‘designated’, to:

– ‘Process’ Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) data; and, – ‘Provisionally Distribute’ Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) data.

Operational Weather Squadron Global Environmental Intelligence ( OWS GEI )

– –

2nd Weather Group ( WXD )

2ND WXD

OVERSIGHT –

– 2nd ( Strategic Computing Network Center ) Systems Operations Squadron ( SOS ) – Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska; – 2nd Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) – Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska; and, – 14th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) – Asheville, North Carolina.

2ND WXD Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )

DISTRIBUTION –

– U.S. Agency ‘decision-makers’; – U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) ‘decision-makers’; – U.S. Allied Foreign Nation ‘decision-makers’; and, – U.S. Joint Operations ‘Warfighters’.

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘develops’ and ‘maintains’ the ‘concepts of operations’ for how U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) supports “most weather sensitive” areas of ‘joint capabilities’.

REPORTS –

– Timely; – Relevant; and, – Specialized.

SOURCES –

Solar Observatories ( Detachments – Det. ), four ( 4 ):

Det. 1 ( 2ND WXG SO Detachment 1 – Learmonth, Australia ); Det. 2 ( 2ND WXG SO Detachment 2 – Sagamore Hill, Massachusetts ); Det. 4 ( 2ND WXG SO Detachment 3 – Holloman Air Force Base – New Mexico ); and, Det. 5 ( 2ND WXG SO Detachment 4 – Palehua, Hawaii ).

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘works in conjunction with’ MAJCOM ‘functional counterpart users’ of products, data and services supplied from U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ).

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) is ‘one ( 1 ) agent’ of the ‘lead Command’ for ‘gathering operational requirements’.

USAGES –

– Planning – Military Operation Missions ( global spectrum ); and, – Executing – Military Operation Missions ( global spectrum ).

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘coordinates’ U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) policy issues.

TASKS –

Four ( 4 ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) ‘specifically conduct’ Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ):

– Warnings ( 24-hours / 7-days a week / 365-weeks a year ); – Military Mission Briefings ( 24-hours / 7-days a week / 365-weeks a year ) – Forecasts ( 24-hours / 7-days a week / 365-weeks a year ); and, – Analysis ( 24-hours / 7-days a week / 365-weeks a year ).

PROCESSING –

Strategic Center ( cost: $277,000,000 million dollars ) ‘subordinate organization’, provides:

– Computer System Complex; – Computer System Network Productions; – Computer System Applications; – Computer System Operations; – Computer System Sustainment; and, – Computer System Maintenance.

Air Force Weather Enterprise ( AFWE ) is a ‘computer system’ of the U.S. Department of Defense  (DoD ). AFWE computer system access is ‘restricted’ to members of the United States military ( Active Duty, National Guard, or Reserve Forces), U.S. Government, or U.S. government contractors that do business with the U.S. government and require ‘weather information’.

SPECIAL NOTE(S):

USAF ASO A8 –

The U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Strategic Plans and Programs Directorate ( ” A8 ” ) ‘directs’ the ‘planning’, ‘programming’, ‘budgeting’, ‘development’, ‘acquisition’, ‘engineering’, ‘configuration management’, ‘modification’, ‘installation’, ‘integration’, ‘logistics’ and ‘life cycle maintenance support’ over ‘all’ of the ‘computer processing equipment’ and over ‘all’ of the ‘standard weather systems’.

– –

USAFWA

1st Weather Group ( 1ST WXG ) Directorate

1ST WXG

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI )

GEI DISTRIBUTION –

The USAF Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) 1st Weather Group ( 1ST WXG ) Directorate uses ‘four’ ( 4 ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) ready 24-hours a day 7-days a week 365-days a year to provide its Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) notification distributions to U.S. ‘military forces’ ( see military branches below ) at 350 ‘specific installations’ located in ‘five’ ( 5 ) Continental United States ( CONUS ) Regions.

OWS GEI NOTIFICATION REGIONS –

SOUTHEASTERN ( CONUS )

9th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) Shaw Air Force Base South Carolina

9TH OWS – Notifies:

– U.S. Air Force; – U.S. Air Force Reserve; – U.S. Air Force National Guard; – U.S. Army; – U.S. Army Reserve; and, – U.S. Army National Guard.

NORTHERN ( CONUS ) AND, NORTHEASTERN ( CONUS )

15th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) Scott Air Force Base Illinois

15TH OWS – Notifies ( Both Regions ):

– U.S. Air Force; – U.S. Air Force Reserve; – U.S. Air Force National Guard; – U.S. Army; – U.S. Army Reserve; and, – U.S. Army National Guard.

WESTERN ( CONUS )

25th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) Davis-Monthan Air Force Base Tucson, Arizona

25TH OWS – Notifies:

– U.S. Air Force; – U.S. Air Force Reserve; – U.S. Air Force National Guard; – U.S. Army; – U.S. Army Reserve; and, – U.S. Army National Guard.

SOUTHERN ( CONUS )

26th Operational Weather Squadron ( OWS ) Barksdale Air Force Base Louisiana

26TH OWS – Notifies:

– U.S. Air Force; – U.S. Air Force Reserve; – U.S. Air Force National Guard; – U.S. Army; – U.S. Army Reserve; and, – U.S. Army National Guard.

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘works with’ USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) staff to integrate U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) Continental Operations ( CONOPS ) with U.S. Air Force ‘plans’ and ‘Programs’.

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘assists’ in the ‘exploitation of weather information’ for ‘warfighting operations’.

– –

The aforementioned four ( 4 ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) additionally, provide:

– USAF Weather Agency officer ‘upgrade’ training; and, – Apprentice forecaster ‘initial’ qualification.

– –

USAFWA Manpower & Personnel Directorate ( A1 ) ‘provides’ the global spectrum, of:

– Manpower; – Organization; – Personnel; and, – Training.

SPECIAL NOTE:

USAF ASO A3 and USAF ASO A5 –

USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘oversees’ and ‘executes’ U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) Standardization and Evaluation Program for ‘Weather Operations’.

U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) Plans and Requirements Directorate ( PRD ) – also known as – ( ” A3 ” and ” A5 ” ) ‘assists’ the USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) staff with managing U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) the ‘process’ of ‘career field-training’ by ‘obtaining training’ and ‘implementing training’ to meet ‘career field-training requirements’.

– –

USAF

Air Force Combat Weather Center ( USAFCWC – aka – AFCWC )

USAF Combat Weather Center ( Hurlburt Field, Florida ) ‘develops’, ‘evaluates’, ‘exploits’ and ‘implements’ a variety of ‘new tactics’, ‘new techniques’, ‘new procedures’ and ‘new technologies’ across U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) – also known as – Air Force Weather ( AFW ) ‘enhancing effectiveness’ for U.S.  military force branches, of the:

U.S. Special Forces; U.S. Joint Operations; U.S. Combined Operations; U.S. Air Force; and, U.S. Army.

– – – –

Source: Global Security

Space

AFNS

Space Weather Team Readies For Upcoming Solar Max by, Ryan Hansen ( 55th Wing Public Affairs )

February 25, 2011

NEBRASKA, Offutt Air Force Base – February 25, 2011 – Solar Maximum may sound like the name of a super hero, but it’s certainly no comic book or 3-D movie. Solar Maximum is actually the name for the Sun’s most active period in the solar cycle, consistently producing solar emissions, solar flares and sun spots.

For a little background on the sun’s activities, the star goes through roughly 11-year cycles of where it is very active and also relatively calm. The Sun’s last Solar Maximum occurred in 2000 and it is expected to awaken from its current solar minimum and get more active this year.

According to the members of the 2nd Weather Squadron ( WS ), an active sun can cause all sorts of problems for us. “Solar weather plays a huge part in the warfighter’s mission,” said Staff Sgt. Matthew Money, a forecaster with the space weather flight. “Impacts from solar weather can cause radio blackouts, satellite communication failure, satellite orbit changes, satellite surface charging, or short circuits, and radar clutter.”

That is why the squadron’s worldwide space weather team of roughly 50 active-duty members, civilians and contractors continually analyze, forecast and provide alert notifications for the entire U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ), as well as a slew of other government agencies.

“When ‘space weather’ causes impacts to earth that meet or exceed warning thresholds our end users are informed within minutes,” said Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lash, space weather flight forecaster. We send out warning bulletins through a computerized distribution system, [ and ] we have other graphical products that show what happened in the past 6-hours around the globe as well as what we expect to happen in the upcoming 6-hours,” he said.

Members of the 2nd Weather Squadron [ OWS ] rely on five ( 5 ) ground-based Solar Observatories, as well as a network of satellites orbiting the earth, to accomplish their mission.

“There aren’t too many opportunities to be the Air Force’s sole provider of something,” said Lt. Colonel Jim Jones, 2nd Weather Squadron [ OWS ] Commander. “In this case, the mission is unique to the entire DoD.”

Solar Observatories are ‘strategically placed’ around the globe in such places, as:

– Australia; – Hawaii; – Italy; – Massachusetts; and, – New Mexico.

They include both optical telescopes and radio telescopes and ensure the Weather Squadron always has one eye, or ear, on the sun.

“The optical telescope network monitors solar surface features,” said Master Sgt. Shane McIntire, the space weather flight chief. “It automatically tracks the sun and directs light to the instruments, which collect data and are controlled by computers. It scans specific regions at a rate of at least twice per minute.”

Through filtered lenses space weather analysts are able to perform flare patrol and view sunspots to determine the magnetic complexity of the region.

“The telescope has special filters that isolate a single optical wavelength,” said Master Sgt. Shane Siebert, who leads the Detachment 4 solar observatory for the 2nd Weather Squadron at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. This wavelength ( 6563 angstroms ) is called ‘hydrogen alpha’ ( H-Alpha ) where the majority of solar activity occurs,” he said, “Analysts monitor this wavelength from sunrise to sunset, and are looking for specific signatures that may lead to solar flares and other adverse activity.”

But not all of the sun’s activities can be captured using optical telescopes.

Some events have a unique radio-frequency signature that can also be measured.

Using a mixture of technology from the 1970s to the present day, radio observatories are able to monitor frequencies in the 25 MhZ to 180 megahertz range, as well as eight ( 8 ) other discrete frequencies. Their digitized output is collected by a computer and then processed and analyzed for solar activity.

“We actually are able to detect the specific strength at a given radio frequency,” said Major Bradley Harbaugh, who commands the Detachment 5 solar observatory for the 2nd Weather Squadron [ OWS ] at Palehua, Hawaii. What we detect are energetic solar emissions in [ specific ] frequency bands or ranges. When detected, we [ are able to describe ] the start time, duration, intensity and type of solar emission. This helps describe the potential impacts by identifying the characteristics of what may impact earth,” he said.

Identifying these solar emissions is crucial to warfighter communication abilities.

“If there is solar energy that increases on your frequency, you can try to talk into your radio, but the noise from the sun will be stronger than your transmission, therefore drowning-out what you are saying,” Major Harbaugh said, “As an operator, you can increase your radio power to try and ‘out-broadcast’ the sun but you are also now broadcasting over a much larger area, making your transmission more susceptible to enemy detection. Therefore, the Sun’s impact must be a consideration when planning a mission.”

The Weather Squadron network of satellites includes those owned and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ), National Aeronautic and Space Administration ( NASA ) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) that include a combination of systems that are dedicated solely to space weather as well as a few utilizing space weather sensors.

“We gather a significant amount of data from satellites,” Sergeant McIntire said. “Imagery from [ satellites ] can augment the ground-based network, providing real-time monitoring of solar features at wavelengths that can’t be seen from the ground.”

Data from all of these sources combined, are continually pushed to the space weather operations center at the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) here.

With this information in hand, the Weather Squadron can produce the most reliable space weather forecast possible, however even with all of this data, producing a space weather forecast is still much more difficult than creating one for terrestrial weather.

“Space weather is a terribly difficult science and it takes a lot of training and experience,” Colonel Jones said.

“Space weather forecasting is very reactive,” Sergeant Money said. “The ‘knowledge and tools are not quite up to par in order to do accurate forecasting’ like we do here on Earth.”

It is also important to note that today the world is much more reliant on space-based assets than they were during the last Solar Maximum, officials said. With cellphones, portable navigation devices and satellite television receivers, all part of our daily lives, a huge solar weather event could wreak havoc on quite a few different platforms.

“The impact of a solar storm in 2000 was probably not as great, due to the lower density of space technology, and the limited number of consumers utilizing the data,” Major Harbaugh said, “However, the ripple from a ‘major solar event now will more likely be felt across a much broader consumer base’ [ the public ] since there are many more assets and many more users of space data.”

However, with improved technology and an increased knowledge of the sun’s activities, the Weather Squadron ( WS ) is more prepared than ever for the upcoming Solar Maximum, Colonel Jones said. “Since the last solar maximum, we’ve upgraded most of our numerical models in terms of both their basic science and the data they ingest,” he said. “That’s a direct result of the advances in sensors and the technology that enables rapid data transfer. We can react faster and see farther than ever before.”

“We already have members within the unit developing forecast techniques based on signatures we see on the sensors,” Sergeant Money said.

So it’s a safe bet, that ‘the next 2-years’ will be ‘hectic’ for the 2nd Weather Squadron [ OWS ].

Their mission, to provide ‘situational awareness to key decision-makers’ will certainly keep ‘them’ busy.

“In the last 30-days alone ( February 2011 ), we’ve had [ more than 30 ] reportable [ solar ] energy events,” Major Harbaugh said. “The workload has ‘already increased’ and ‘will continue to do so’ for probably ‘the next 1-year’ or ’2-years’.”

“About 1-year ago, it was not uncommon for an analyst to only have one ( 1 ) very small Solar Region of the Sun to monitor,” Sergeant Siebert said. “Today, it is normal for analysts to keep fairly busy monitoring 4 Solar Regions to 6 Solar Regions. Studies, of the last Solar Maximum, show that typically 1-day included twenty-two ( 22 ) active Solar Regions – almost 4 times our current workload,” he added.

Regardless, Weather Squadron [ OWS ] ‘space weather’ analysts, forecasters and technicians globally are ready for the upcoming solar fury [ see, e.g. Solar Energetic Particle Event ], Colonel Jones said.

– – – –

The U.S. Air Force obviously needs ‘far-more’:

– More personnel for U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( USAFWA ) Weather Group ( WXD ) Operational Weather Squadrons ( OWS ) effortings;

– Independent ’governing board’ or ‘blue ribbon watchdog committee’ overseeing an ’independent monitoring agency’ placing the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) and its USAF Air and Space Operations ( ASO ) under an independent ‘microscope’; and,

– Public Transparency notifications, would also be nice, but then…

– – – –

Source: MSNBC.COM

Huge Solar Flare’s Magnetic Storm May Disrupt Satellites, Power Grids

March 7, 2012 13:19 p.m. Eastern Standard Time ( EST )

A massive solar flare that erupted from the Sun late Tuesday ( March 6, 2012 ) is unleashing one of the most powerful solar storms in more than 5-years, ‘a solar tempest that may potentially interfere with satellites in orbit and power grids when it reaches Earth’.

“Space weather has gotten very interesting over the last 24 hours,” Joseph Kunches, a space weather scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), told reporters today ( March 7, 2012 ). “This was quite the Super Tuesday — you bet.”

Several NASA spacecraft caught videos of the solar flare as it hurled a wave of solar plasma and charged particles, called a Coronal mass Ejection ( CME ), into space. The CME is not expected to hit Earth directly, but the cloud of charged particles could deliver a glancing blow to the planet.

Early predictions estimate that the Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) will reach Earth tomorrow ( March 8, 2012 ) at 07:00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time ( EST ), with the ‘effects likely lasting for 24-hours and possibly lingering into Friday ( March 9, 2012 )’, Kunches said.

The solar eruptions occurred late Tuesday night ( March 6, 2012 ) when the sun let loose two ( 2 ) huge X-Class solar flares that ‘ranked among the strongest type’ of sun storms. The biggest of those 2 flares registered as an X Class Category 5.4 solar flare geomagnetic storm on the space weather scale, making it ‘the strongest sun eruption so far this year’.

Typically, Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) contain 10,000,000,000 billion tons of solar plasma and material, and the CME triggered by last night’s ( March 6, 2012 ) X-Class Category 5.4 solar flare is ‘the one’ that could disrupt satellite operations, Kunches said.

“When the shock arrives, the expectation is for heightened geomagnetic storm activity and the potential for heightened solar radiation,” Kunches said.

This heightened geomagnetic activity and increase in solar radiation could impact satellites in space and ‘power grids on the ground’.

Some high-precision GPS ( Global Positioning Satellite ) users could also be affected, he said.

“There is the potential for ‘induced currents in power grids’,” Kunches said. “‘Power grid operators have all been alerted’. It could start to ’cause some unwanted induced currents’.”

Airplanes that fly over the polar caps could also experience communications issues during this time, and some commercial airliners have already taken precautionary actions, Kunches said.

Powerful solar storms can also be hazardous to astronauts in space, and NOAA is working close with NASA’s Johnson Space Center to determine if the six ( 6 ) spacecraft residents of the International Space Station ( ISS ) need to take shelter in more protected areas of the orbiting laboratory, he added.

The flurry of recent space weather events could also supercharge aurora displays ( also known as the Northern Lights and Southern Lights ) for sky-watchers at high latitudes.

“Auroras are probably the treat that we get when the sun erupts,” Kunches said.

Over the next couple days, Kunches estimates that brightened auroras could potentially be seen as far south as the southern Great Lakes region, provided the skies are clear.

Yesterday’s ( March 6, 2012 ) solar flares erupted from the giant active sunspot AR1429, which spewed an earlier X Class Category 1.1 solar flare on Sunday ( March 4, 2012 ). The CME from that one ( 1 ) outburst mostly missed Earth, passing Earth by last night ( March 6, 2012 ) at around 11 p.m. EST, according to the Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ), which is jointly managed by NOAA and the National Weather Service ( NWS ).

This means that the planet ( Earth ) is ‘already experiencing heightened geomagnetic and radiation effects in-advance’ of the next oncoming ( March 8, 2012 thru March 9, 2012 ) Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ).

“We’ve got ‘a whole series of things going off’, and ‘they take different times to arrive’, so they’re ‘all piling on top of each other’,” Harlan Spence, an astrophysicist at the University of New Hampshire, told SPACE.com. “It ‘complicates the forecasting and predicting’ because ‘there are always inherent uncertainties with any single event’ but now ‘with multiple events piling on top of one another’, that ‘uncertainty grows’.”

Scientists are closely monitoring the situation, particularly because ‘the AR1429 sunspot region remains potent’. “We think ‘there will be more coming’,” Kunches said. “The ‘potential for more activity’ still looms.”

As the Sun rotates, ‘the AR1429 region is shifting closer to the central meridian of the solar disk where flares and associated Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) may ‘pack more a punch’ because ‘they are more directly pointed at Earth’.

“The Sun is waking up at a time in the month when ‘Earth is coming into harms way’,” Spence said. “Think of these ‘CMEs somewhat like a bullet that is shot from the sun in more or less a straight line’. ‘When the sunspot is right in the middle of the sun’, something ‘launched from there is more or less directed right at Earth’. It’s kind of like how getting sideswiped by a car is different than ‘a head-on collision’. Even still, being ‘sideswiped by a big CME can be quite dramatic’.” Spence estimates that ‘sunspot region AR 1429 will rotate past the central meridian in about 1-week’.

The sun’s activity ebbs and flows on an 11-year cycle. The sun is in the midst of Solar Maximum Cycle 24, and activity is expected to ramp up toward the height of the Solar Maximum in 2013.

Reference

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46655901/

– – – –

Cordially submitted for review and commentary by,

 

Kentron Intellect Research Vault ( KIRV )
E-MAIL: KentronIntellectResearchVault@Gmail.Com
WWW: http://KentronIntellectResearchVault.WordPress.Com

/

/

Research References

http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=157&page=1
https://login.afwa.af.mil/register/
https://login.afwa.af.mil/amserver/UI/Login?goto=https%3A%2F%2Fweather.afwa.af.mil%3A443%2FHOST_HOME%2FDNXM%2FWRF%2Findex.html
http://conceptactivityresearchvault.wordpress.com/2011/01/02/solar-energetic-particle-event-effects
http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/news/2011/space-110225-afns01.htm
http://www.wrf-model.org/plots/wrfrealtime.php

 

Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) Effects

Solar Dynamic Thermal Magnetics

[ IMAGE ( above ): Click on image to enlarge. ]

Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) Effects
by, Paul Collin ( Author for Concept Activity Research Vault – CARV )

LOS ANGELES – January 13, 2016 ( Updated ) [ Originally Published: January 2, 2011 ] – On the evening of October 25, 2006 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) launched ( from Kennedy Space Center in Florida ) two ( 2) unmanned spacecraft ( i.e. STEREO-A and STEREO-B ) on an unprecedented space mission to record and warn officials about our Sun erupting any ‘Earth-directed’ “Coronal Mass Ejection” ( CME ) ‘solar flare’ creating a seriously significant “geomagnetic storm” impacting Earth with a “Solar Energetic Particle ( SEP ) Event” that NASA officials claim “we all need to be concerned about” because such can ‘instantly shutdown all electrically operated equipment’ on the ‘ground’ and ‘sea’ as well as in the ‘air’ and ‘space’.

What exactly, on Earth, is a ‘Solar Energetic Particle Event’ ( SEPE )?

How ‘important’ is ‘preparing’ for a ‘significant’ Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE )?

Many governments around the world have key individuals ( e.g. officials, military adjunct specialists, public utility electricity company representatives and other technical professionals whom will know when a ‘seriously significant’ Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) from a solar flare that will cause the shut down of ‘national electricity infrastructure grids’, and if only for a period of “1-week”  – such could throw population centers of people back into a period of the Dark Ages ‘living without electricty’.

U.S. Air Force Weather Agency, Office of Naval Research ( ONR ), Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ), NASA, EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY ( ESA ), JAPAN SPACE AGENCY ( JSA ), NOAA, and a ’few others’ have developed extremely good Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) predictives based on mathematical equations formula astrophysics, geothermal and geochemical scientific studies calculations, however absolutely ‘no’ United States ( USA ) federal government organization states any alert may even be provided’ as to ‘when’ the “Solar Maximum SEPE” will likely occur so ‘populations cannot react with much of a degree of wonderment’ until ‘very shortly before’ the Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) ‘strikes Earth’.

Serious U.S. Department of Homeland Security Business

Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) effects on Earth and mankind are understood by professionals who are familiar with the damages caused by them, however very few citizens know about this, and even fewer know ’what to be preparing for’ is coming very soon that will impact their lives.

While a Solar Energetic Particle Event on Earth is ‘not doomsday with a crash and bang’, many will soon realize it comes with ‘no warning’ and is ‘extremely silent’ on ‘large sections of populations’ whom never even knew – let alone expected – what a Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) really means for those living in modern day society.

Masses of people will be ‘immediately confused’, ’not fully understanding’ what has happened to them all when nothing electrical operates for a long period of time.

Experiencing ‘no electricity’ will be ‘totally foreign’ for many so, it becomes ‘vitaly important’ to begin learning today ‘how to prepare to survive’ within a ‘not too distant future society’ that has been instantly seperated from all modern day conveniences they had lived with for decades.

Sound impossible or ridiculous? Try telling the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, who knows what is coming soon, that it is impossible and ridiculous and see what they tell you!

Global governments are preparing to ‘try to minimize societal impacts’ for a significant Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) coming that will ‘initially affect regional populations’ and ‘secondarily impact global populations’ immediately dependent on ‘consumable food’ and ‘fresh drinking water’ worldwide.

Basic Understandings

FIRST ( 1st ) – “Coronal Mass Ejections ( CME )” or “solar flares” throw off ’high-energy electron particles’, but those thrown ‘directly at Earth’ – in ‘massive quantities’ and at ‘very high speed’ – creates ‘serious impacts on Earth societies’; and,

SECOND ( 2nd ) – “Solar Energetic Particle Events ( SEPE )” are ‘invisible electrical disturbances striking Earth’ from the Sun during its “11-year cycle” but primarily during its most volatile cycle period known as its “Solar Maximum” when the Sun’s ‘inner magnetic pole’ shifts ‘upside down’ in a 180-degree flip.

Nothing can be done, to ‘stop’ tha Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) from happening on Earth, but plenty can be done to ‘reduce societal effects’ so long as people are taught ‘how to survive without electricity’ for an ‘extended period of time’.

Many would like to know just ‘how long’ an ’extended period of time’ would be that ‘they will have to go without electricty’. More information on that and more has unfortunately not been provided by government officials or even mainstream news media broadcasts either so, many people still remain in the dark as to ‘how to even prepare to survive’.

Solar Energetic Particle Event Effects To Understand –

FIRST – Understand only ‘factual details’;

SECOND – Heighten ‘other people’s awareness levels’ by ‘openly discussing SEPE effects’;

THIRD – Create ’your own individual plan’ to follow ‘no matter where you are located’ ( ‘stationary’ or ‘traveling ) during ‘any time’ ( ‘day’ or ‘night’ ).

Unfortunately, ‘not even one’ ( 1 ) – of the aforementioned three ( 3 ) basics – was suggested by any ‘government official’ nor was any discussed on any ‘news broadcast’.

What Is Going To Inform People About Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) Effects?

The only information report providing ‘advanced public notification details’ for ‘what will be encountered’, ‘when to plan’, and ‘how to survive without electricity’ is only ‘this report’, because ’no report has been prepared or distributed for the public’ by either the U.S. Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) or U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ).

How Do We Know It’s So Important?

Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) is processed through the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) Air Force Weather Enterprise ( AFWE ) computer network system controlled by the U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) under the U.S. Department of Defense ( DOD ).

Does this stuff have anything to do with the ancient Mayan calendar ending in 2012 or any other ‘doomsday predictions’ circulating on the internet? NASA says “No, a Solar Maximum Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ), is something we all need to be concerned about.” NASA officials add, the “Mayan calendar ‘end date’ of  ’2012′ is nothing to be concerned about.”

Prominent astrophysicists worldwide claim this particular Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) will bring ‘negative impact effects’ to Earth that will ‘definitely’ be something “we all need to be very concerned about,” because if ‘enough high-energy electron particles strike Earth all at once’, as during the 1859 SEPE incident known as the “Carrington Flare,” all ‘electricity supply points’ relied upon for everything will ‘overload’, ‘burn out’ and ‘shut down’ a sizeable portion of ‘national infrastructure electricity grids’.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security ( see charts below ) experts and advisors have already confirmed an incredible burdensome task to rebuild our modern-day electrical infrastructure could take up-to 10-years dependent on ‘remaining numbers of specialists to rebuild it’ – those surviving aftermath population panic facing mob mentality crimes against humanity.

Rebuilding the ‘national infrastructure electrical grid’ will not be easy for a variety of other reasons too since ‘availability of certain transformers’ – like those from ABB ( Switzerland ) – may not quickly be replaced as more than just transportation complications may ensue.

National dependence on ‘foreign commerce transportation’, sees ‘international businesses’ lacking ‘large sailing ships’ to carry ‘large quantities of any cargo’ across ‘long distance seas’ today because ‘modern ships’ depend on ‘electronic controls’ to ‘operate properly’.

National dependence on ‘domestic commerce transportation’, sees ‘local businesses’ lacking ‘horse-driven or mule-driven wagons and dog-driven sleds’ to carry ‘large quantities of any cargo’ across ‘long distance lands and mountains’ today because both ‘modern trucks’ and ‘modern trains’ depend on ‘electronic controls’ to ‘operate properly’.

Interstate highways may not remain ‘safe passageways’ with ‘millions of people fleeing major population centers’ – both ‘downtown and urban panicked areas where mob crimes flourish – only to end-up ‘stranded in rural areas’ where yet ‘other more improvised crimes’ include ‘attacks / raids on highways’ where theft and worse are likely to occur.

If losing the ‘national infrastructure electrical grid’ becomes a reality, as NASA and astrophysicists predict – based on advanced high technology monitoring stations in space – then in order for people not to become ‘stranded’ – since ‘emergency help will not be instantly available’ – the most important question everyone needs to know is, “When should we all ‘stop traveling’?”

Will this large solar flare SEPE happen in 2011, 2012 or 2013?

Could experts at least narrow down the time-window for some of us so, we could at least know “1-week” or “1-day” ‘before’ an SEPE is expected to strike Earth? The immediate problem is ‘answers’ to such questions as these are not being answered or even presented by anyone in government.

What are ‘we the people’ supposed to do?

How can people prepare for the effects of a ‘seriously significant’ Solar Maximum SEPE?

Unfortunately, today ( 30MAY11 ) the public still receives the old ( 29JAN09 ) NASA basic storyline warning, “Did you know that a solar flare can make your toilet stop working?” ( immediately below ):

– – – –

Source: National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA )

Science News

Severe Space Weather – Social and Economic Impacts

January 29, 2009

Did you know a solar flare can make your toilet stop working?

That’s the surprising conclusion of a NASA funded study by the National Academy of Sciences entitled “Severe Space Weather Events – Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts.” In the 132-page report, experts detailed what might happen to our modern, high-tech society in the event of a “super solar flare” followed by an extreme geomagnetic storm. They found that almost nothing is immune from space weather – not even the water in your bathroom.

Reference

http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2009/21jan_severespaceweather/

– – – –

People must awaken to ‘at least the very basic caution and warning’ NASA has already provided officially, as well as the myriad of global astrophysicist’s warnings about a significant Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) coming soon in everyone’s direction here on Earth. People ‘need to know’ basically ‘how to prepare’ for a significant ‘solar electron particle effect’ on Earth.

Well in advance, government considers alot of issues including those decidely kept secret in cases where the shocking truth creates panic, it’s easy to detect by simply watching official government aloof answers skirt facts to the public typically provided no decent information that could otherwise prove to be of some genuine assistance.

People need to immediately consider ‘how to continue basic living’ during the immediate moment of the SEPE, the day after the SEPE and in its aftermath up to a period of 2-years. Why? The government cannot assist everyone. Understanding how severely an SEPE negatively impacts government, infrastructure and people will become a harsh reality for many to either begin understanding now.

Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) will take nations up to 10-years ( other nations even longer ) to rebuild their infrastructure, during which time ‘population patience will expiret’ amongst the masses long before government accomplish that, which is precisely why ’even further consequential damages’ from mob mentalities and roving gangs will lengthen the years necessary for the national recovery process. Man’s greatest threat is selfishness, unwillingness to understand, and disregard for most of his fellow man that also carries the same genetic trigger mechanisms, where only upon realizing a significant threat these two ( 2 ) species clash to turn loose ancient animalistic behavior capable of destroying each other regardless of all else. Man is equipped with his own doomsday button pushing against his age of modernization with a SEPE as all the trigger necessary to set everything else haywire.

Restoring law and order will not be quick, nor will it be just, amidst man’s selfishness inhumanity towards his fellow man when an SEPE impacts an ‘already emotional fragile society’. Such will quickly flip any peaceful community into an absolute ’deadly nightmare’ for many whom are unaware now of what faces them soon.

Man’s free will decides whether or not to prepare their own choice as to how they wish to deal with a Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ).

If one wishes their new environment to be amongst the wild embroiled masses and street gang pandemonium, then that is ‘their choice to not prepare now’. Nobody is forcing anyone to do anything ‘yet’, but if you think ‘stashed ammunition’ can hold-off a ‘hungry crowd of hundreds’, good luck. If one thinks they can ride a horse near an angry crowd and remain on that horse, good luck! Most really need to ‘think’ ahead.

NASA has been expecting a significant Solar Energetic Particle Event to occur during the Solar Maximum ‘cycle’ ( between 2011 – 2013 ), however other well respected scientists and astrophysicists with access to much of the same data NASA uses indicates the ‘date for the SEPE’ could hit Earth as early as 2011. Who is correct? Should you wait to find out? What if by that time it’s too late for you to prepare? Are you ready, willing and able to face those consequences? How about your family? Did you bother to stop and ‘think’ about ‘their chances of survivability’ during such an SEPE without you able to reach them? Do they know you are reviewing this? Shouldn’t they be reviewing it as well? Will you remember to tell them about this? For most, they will remain unaware until it’s too late.

Some professionals believe NASA only releases data from ‘unclassified instruments’ aboard STEREO spacecraft, however other highly classified instrumentation exists to provide far-more information received constantly in real-time via a direct blue-green laser link receiver fed down into a ‘black vault’ room located in Hawthorne, California where ‘unevaluated scientific intelligence’ data is fed onward to a ‘scientific data analysis center’ in Fort G. Meade, Maryland that processes and routes ’evaluated intelligence’ data for ’actionable processing’ through another government information dissemination directorate routing to branches holding ‘directorate decision orders’ ( DDO ).

While the ‘date’ may be a guessing game amongst some professionals, one ( 1 ) thing they all agree upon. The SEPE is coming, and it will occur soon.

Earth history indicates several devastating Solar Energetic Particle Events ( SEPE ) that have surprised everyone, especially in 1859 when immediately through the atmosphere the SEPE Aurora delivered high-energy electrons automatically entering the molecular structure of all types of metal wire. Because of electron excitation in both telegraph system wire and even wire fences became so ‘hot’ wild fires were experienced throughout America and England.

Although the 1859 SEPE was ‘before’ the modern age of electrically dependent devices and systems, recent history recorded other devastating SEPE surprises for millions of people on Earth.

It is extremely important for everyone to ‘begin understanding what is actually coming’ to Earth and ‘how to prepare’ for the serious warning NASA gave.

If anyone missed the ‘numerous mainstream news media broadcasts’ about the “Solar Maximum” they can now view all those same broadcasts within this report ( further below ).

Unfortunately, the mainstream news media did ‘not detail’ the Solar Maximum creation of what is called a Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) on Earth that many will now be able to learn much more about in this exclusive report.

Many want to ‘know the precise date’. This report will point everyone where they can ‘learn how to monitor that information’, and they will know, but only if they bother to ‘review this report thoroughly’.

Many will discover from this report what they ‘cannot reply on’, which is actually a very big first step to ‘preparing alternate means by which they can personally tailor their own needs to survive this SEPE’.

Many expect to hear all about the SEPE coming in-advance by simply listening to their vehicle radio, watching their home television, listening for their wireless communication devices to signal them, or catching the news from Bill the barber who lives next door to them. That type of expectation is not only unrealistic but extremely foolish as this exclusive report will certainly prove to everyone who bothers reviewing it thoroughly.

The most difficult part to convey to almost everyone is that ’all electronic devices and systems’ will ‘not provide sufficient warning time’ for them to prepare a plan for themself and their family, and this will consequently result in many being stranded immediately right alongside millions of other people whom chose to do the exact same thing. And, they will likely be stranded for a very long and unexpected time period with no way out of their own SEPE situation.

This exclusive report does not subscribe to ’doomsday prophecies’, but what U.S. federal officials already announced and research has proven.

Many seem to be simply ignoring the NASA news warning because ‘most do not believe it will ever adversely affect them’. This exclusive report will likely be ’their last warning’ before the SEPE hits Earth.

All information contained in this report will prepare many for what is about to occur. People want to know what the SEPE ‘effects’ have been like ‘before’ on Earth so, a specially prepared ’historical information timeline’ can now be reviewed ( immediately below ).

Solar Energetic Particle Event Problem History

1859 Solar Maximum SEPE proved that ‘all types of metal wires’ instantly absorb ( invisibly through the atmosphere ) huge surges of high-energy particles, e.g. X-rays, protons ( secondary protons, neutrons, deuterons, tritons ), electrons, making wire ‘too hot to touch’ and thereby, causing:

1. Wire attached to ‘wood posts’ in the ground, providing ‘perimeter protection’ quite suddenly served to ‘ignite widespread grass fires’ destroying farms, farmlands, agricultural, homes, and more all across America and England; and,

2. Wire attached to ‘wood poles’ in the ground strung from ‘telegraph office structures’, providing ‘business and personal communication links’ quite suddenly served to ‘ignite widespread structure fires’ destroying telegraph offices and adjacent businesses and buildings ( e.g. general stores, banks, other businesses, hotels and residences ) across America and England.

Imagine what an 1859 SEPE would do today to everything based on ‘electricity’, ’electrical’ and/or ‘electronics’ containing ‘wire filaments’, ’wire cables’, ‘small wires’, ‘microchip wires’ where anything containing any type of ’wire’ instantly overloads, burns out and consequently stops everything, from water being pumped up into faucets to transportation stoppage. NASA has officially stated ‘recently’ that a Solar Maximum SEPE is coming and will strike Earth sometime between 2012 and 2013. Astrophysicists believe it will strike May 2013, while others ’admit they cannot be sure’ and state, “it could even happen tomorrow.”

The Sun, according to NASA and other officials, already shows a pattern indicative of a significant Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) due to occur. NASA has already alerted people through several mainstream media news channels that it ’will’:

1. Happen; and,

2. Happen soon.

National Academy of Sciences recent report indicates a Solar Maximum Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) like the 1859 SEPE striking Earth might recover in only 4-years but more likely 10-years where ‘initial damages’ ( alone ) to just the high technology infrastructure ( alone ) will initially see costs up to $2,000,000,000,000 trillion dollars ( Source: NASA Science News – 28JAN11 ).

Earth’s magnetic field usually protects the Earth’s surface by diminishing the effects of highly accelerated ( near lightspeed and invisible ) high-energy particle bombardments but ‘not in all cases’ where the Earth experiences a Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ).

Solar Maximum Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) Effects Chronology –

In September 1859, Earth’s magnetic shield defenses were overwhelmed by an incredibly powerful Solar Maximum SEPE blast of electrons, protons and X-Rays causing ‘telegraph wires’, ‘other wires’ and even ‘batteries’ to suddenly become too hot to touch, short-circuit, ignite fires and disrupt telegraph communications between the United States and Europe experiencing simultaneous emergency events at once, as the Sun’s:

1. – Solar plasma ( extremely hot gas ) on the surface ( corona ) of the Sun ejected an ‘extremely intense’ electromagnetic field in a Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME );

2. – Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) of electrons, protons, and X-Ray particles became accelerated to nearly lightspeed traveling 93,000,000 million miles ( 150,000,000 million kilometers ) quickly ( 17-hours and 40-minutes ) in less than 1-day unlike typical solar storms travelling the same distance in 2-days to 4-days.

3. Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) contained ‘highly excited magnetic field electrons’ ( high-energy ) particles ‘charged in diametrical opposition’ that slammed into ’magnetic field directions of electrons’ on Earth.

[ SEPE 1859 Impact ‘if’ during 2008 – Collapse of “365” EHV Transformers for Years ( click to read by enlarging image ) ]

In 1921, the Solar Maximum SEPE that struck Earth, if occurred in 2008 would have removed a minimum of 365 EVH transformers throughout the United States ( see risk projection map above ).

In 1940, a Solar Maximum SEPE penetrated the Atlantic Ocean where Canada ( Newfoundland ) to Scotland underwater telecommunication cable wires were slammed with electrons spiking electrical to 2,600 volts recorded by scientists.

In 1972, a Solar Maximum SEPE spiked Canada electricity current overloaded and exploded a 230,000 volt transformer of the British Columbia Hydroelectric Authority.

In July 1989, more than 151-years later, a Solar Maximum SEPE ‘stopped all electrical power’ to more than 6,000,000 million people throughout the entire province of Quebec, Canada triggering a gas pipeline explosion decimating large sections of the Trans-Siberian Railway, engulfed two ( 2 ) passenger trains into flames, killed 500 people, effected areas of the northern United States of America ( USA ), and the 1859 Solar Maximum SEPE was ‘three ( 3 ) times more powerful’ than this. Interestingly, within a few weeks of this Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ),  ‘officially’ being discussed in the United States was, the following ( immediately below ):

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Source: North American Electric Reliability Corporation ( NERC ) Washington, D.C.

OPERATING COMMITTEE

Adam’s Mark Hotel St. Louis, Missouri

June 6, 1989

MINUTES OF THE MEETING –

A regular meeting of the North American Electric Reliability Council [ NERC ] Operating Committee was convened by Chairman Larry C. Kinard at 8 a.m. on Tuesday June 6, 1989.

A copy of the meeting notice, agenda, and list of attendees are attached as Exhibits A, B, and C, respectively.

Introductions –

Chairman – Kinard, welcomed:

– James Jackson – Manager of System Operation for the Southern California Edison Company ( SCE ), as a new member representing WSCC ( California / Nevada ); and,

– Terry Bruck – Vice President of Electric Operations for Cincinnati Gas & Electric Company ( CGE ), as a new member representing ECAR.

These meeting attendees then introduced themselves around the table.

Approval of Minutes of February 28, 1989 thru March 1, 1989 Meeting –

It was on motion by Mr. Hardage, seconded by Mr. Bulley, that the minutes were approved as distributed.

Organization –

Chairman – Kinard introduced Mr. William C. Phillips, Director of System Operations for Middle South Services ( MSS ), being the new Chairman of the Performance Subcommittee.

Vice Chairman – Uggerud reported Mr. Jackson was assigned to the Operating Information Subcommittee ( OIS ), and Mr. Bruck was assigned to the Disturbance Analysis Working Group ( DAWG ).

Board of Trustees Meeting, April 3, 1989 thru April 4, 1989 –

Chairman Kinard reviewed the highlights of the Board meeting, as follows:

– The Board accepted the Operating Committee’s strategic plan recommendations, but modified Recommendation #10 dealing with development of a white paper on Open Transmission Access ( OTA ).  Chairman Kinard noted Mr. Bulley was assigned to scope this Project.

– Don Benjamin discussed the Solar Magnetic Storm of March 13 [ 1989 ], and Hydro-Québec outage that resulted.

– Mr. Stout – Chairman of the Reliability Assessment Subcommittee, discussed concern about ‘load forecast uncertainty’.

NERC Board of Director new officers, are:

– Chairman – William Clagett, Administrator of the Western Area Power Administration ( WAPA ); – Vice Chairman – Earl Dille, President of Union Electric Company ( UEC ); and, – Secretary-Treasurer – George Edwards, Chairman of the Board & CEO of The United Illuminating Company ( TUIC ).

Technical Steering (TSC) Committee Meeting, April 28, 1989 –

– The Technical Steering (TSC) Committee discussed the March 13, 1989 solar magnetic storm.

– NESC activities were rolled into the Engineering Committee and Operating Committee.

– Engineering Committee representatives Pasternack and Mercier were added to the Interconnection Dynamics Task Force ( IDTF ). The Interconnection Dynamics Tutorial ( IDT ), will be distributed to utility attendees at the General Meeting.

– Vice Chairman Uggerud reported on the Technical Steering Committee ( TSC ) meeting, and assigned five ( 5 ) of the NERC strategies to the Engineering or Operating Committee.

– The Transmission Wheeling and Transfers ( TWT ) reference document, approved by the Engineering Committee and Operating Committee during their meeting, will be presented to the Board of Directors during their July 1989 meeting.

Operating Committee Executive Committee ( OCEC ) –

Chairman Kinard reviewed the Operating Committee Executive Committee ( OCEC ) meeting held on June 5, 1989, discussing:

– How-to mitigate Solar Magnetic Storm effects on Bulk Electric Systems ( BES ).

– Electro-Magnetic Pulse ( EMP ) events requiring restoration of utility companies, part of a U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) contract, identified the biggest impact falling on ‘communications systems’ of utility companies, which Vince Kruse of ASEA BROWN-BOVERI ( ABB ) [ ASEA est. 1890 ( Stockholm, Sweden ) and BROWN BOVERI et Cie. est. 1891 ( Baden, Switzerland ) ] and consultant Edward Taylor discussed with the Operating Committee Executive Committee ( OCEC ).

– Operating Committee Executive Committee ( OCEC ) strategies status.

– Operating Guide review status.

– 1988 Control performance compliance.

NERC Staff Report –

Don Benjamin discussed the Telecommunications Service Priority ( TSP ) system status and U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) proposed Electric Service Priority restoration system ( ESP ) for National Security Emergency Preparedness facilities.

NERC offered to assist the U.S. Department of Energy with learning about electricity customer restoration procedures.

Updates were distributed by NERC staff for several sections of 1,200 Operating Manuals in circulation.

Procedures for Notifying Utilities About Solar Magnetic Activity ( SMA )

Don Benjamin reported on new procedures for Solar Magnetic Disturbance ( SMD ) notification.

Following the Hydro-Québec blackout – March 13, 1989 – Don Benjamin, WSCC staff, Bonneville Power Administration ( BPA ) and American Electric Power Co. Inc. ( AEP ) representatives held a ‘conference call’ with the staff of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Environment Services Center ( SESC ), asking NOAA to provide forecasts of Solar Magnetic Disturbance ( SMD ) activity to help utility companies prepare for the event. NOAA said it could provide a forecast, agreeing to supply AEP and BPA with this information, beginning April 1, 1989.

Solar Magnetic Storm of March 13, 1989 and Hydro-Québec Outage –

Ray Elsliger, of Hydro-Québec, discussed Hydro-Québec ( HQ ) outage details, and explained:

– Solar Wind effects on Earth’s ‘magnetic field‘;

[ EDITED INSERT NOTE: Sun eruptive Solar Flares bombard Solar Energetic Particles ( SEP ) creating Geomagnetic Storms on Earth, that is driven by a somewhat organized ‘geomagnetic core generator’ comprised of ‘molten magma’ ( lava ) consisting of ‘multiple types’ of ‘mineral materials’ containing ‘multiple types’ of ‘High Field Strength Elements’ ( HFSE ) [ e.g. niobium, kaersutite, titanmagnetite, etc. ] under ‘extreme’ ‘high-pressure‘ and ‘heat’ causes element ‘properties’ to ‘react’ in ‘multiple ways’ assuming ‘astrophysical phenomena characteristics’ only one ( 1 ) of which is ‘ExtraSuperConductivity’ ( ESC ) forcing ‘finite properties’ of subatomic particles ( electron neutrinos, tauon neutrinos, muon neutrinos, leptons, etc. ) exit ( faster than lightspeed, invisible to the naked eye ) away-from Earth until phenomenally stopping to form an ‘Extra-Planetary Core Supplied Field’ ( EPCSF ) or ‘magnetic property Earth shield’ known as the ‘Magnetosphere’, surrounding Earth, that wards-off ‘high-intensity cosmic rays’ ( hazardous to Earth-living things ) ];

and,

– Solar-Induced Currents ( SIC ).

[ EDITED INSERT NOTE: Also known as “Auroral Currents” ( namesake taken from the “Aurora Borealis” also known as the “Northern Lights” ), dependent upon ‘solar high field strength’ and ‘directional-focus’ ( aimed at Earth ) invariably ‘penetrate’ Earth’s Magnetosphere where beneath they become ‘atmospheric high-energy electrons’ arriving on Earth where en masse their effects can ‘penetrate water’, ‘accumulate’ within ‘all types of wire’ ( including ‘fence wire’ ), exhibits no regard for existing Earth Field Strength ( EFS ) electrons already flowing within electricity transmission system lines ( wires / cables ) experiencing this quasi form of Solar-Induced Direct Current ‘ ( SIDC ) ‘traveling by its own wild propulsion’ especially when reaching ‘high ground-impedance’ in ‘geographic regions’ consisting of ‘igneous rock’, and ‘inherently carries while incorporating’ – along electrical transmission system lines – ‘second-harmonic currents‘ that can ‘totally saturate’ ( overfill ) electricity temporary storage capacitor ( electron storage containers ) banks exceeding over-current ( overload ) plus see ‘high static’ VAR compensators unsuccessfully handling high VAR demands causing relays to trip-off / shut-down transformers. ]

A copy of his presentation is attached, as: “ Exhibit D “

Mr. Cucchi noted PJM [ utility company ] experienced the effects of the Solar Storm, with tripped-off capacitor banks and damaged step-up transformers, and while PJM is seeking ‘operating procedures’ to assist them in mitigating future problems, he suggested a way to reveal the presence of Solar-Induced Currents ( SIC ) by summing VAR flows around transformers.

Solar Magnetic Disturbance ( SMD ) forecasting sees more work ahead.

Mr. Rodie noted that in Canada Ontario Hydro is monitoring Solar Magnetic Activity ( SMA ) forecasts from, both the:

– National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ); and, – Canadian Energy Mines and Resources ( CEMR ).

Chairman Kinard said the Solar Magnetic Disturbance ( SMD ) issue must be coordinated with the NERC Engineering Committee.

He asked the Disturbance Analysis Working Group to work on the Solar Magnetic Disturbance ( SMD ) forecasting and alerting procedures for further discussion at the August 1989 meeting.

Strategic Planning Task Force –

Mr. Wolak reported nine ( 9 ) out-of twenty ( 20 ) strategic recommendations were assigned to the standing subcommittees and the Disturbance Analysis Working Group. The Operating Committee Executive Committee is now working on the staffing requirements and scheduling.  He expects to have timetables and other details at the August 1989 Operating Committee meeting. Recommendations will most likely need personnel support from the utilities.

Regional Reserve Requirements –

As part of its strategies, the Committee has agreed to review regional operating guides for comparison to the NERC Guides.

In November 1988, the Committee selected operating reserve as its first topic, and asked Mr. Ellis to request each Region’s operating guide on this matter.  Since then, Mr. Ellis has been summarizing the guides for review and at this meeting discussed his summary of the Regions’ operating reserve requirements.  The Committee discussed each and found ‘the guides differed greatly’ from Region to Region.  Chairman Kinard will write the Committee members to ask they review their Region’s guides for agreement with NERC Operating Guides. Chairman Kinard asked Mr. McEacharn to select another operating guide topic for the August 1989 Operating Committee meeting.

Pre-Seasonal Assessments and Post-Seasonal Assessments –

President Gent reviewed the history of pre-seasonal assessment.  It began with the Electric Utility Act of 1967 to which the utilities agreed to conduct seasonal assessments as well as 10-year assessments.

Both tasks were originally handled by the NERC Reliability Assessment Subcommittee but in 1988 the Operating Committee was assigned the seasonal assessments because these reports deal with near-term system conditions that are within the period of system operations.

President Gent said the seasonal assessments need to be more candid in their description of events and asked the Operating Committee to carefully consider this in the future.

Chairman Kinard emphasized the need for the Operating Committee’s involvement in the pre- and post-seasonal assessments.  He asked Mr. Benjamin to send the seasonal assessment schedule and assessment guidelines to the Operating Committee.

Interchange Scheduling –

Mr. McEacharn, Chairman of the Interconnected Operations Subcommittee ( IOSC ), discussed the history of the Operating Guide on scheduled interchange.  This used to be Guide 3, and became Guide I.D. after the Guides were reformatted in 1987.  Many believe the Guide does not address parallel flows adequately, and the IOSC has been working on that aspect for many months.

Now, the Interconnected Operations Subcommittee ( IOSC ) needs direction from the Operating Committee on how to proceed.

Mr. McEacharn reviewed a questionnaire the Interconnected Operations Subcommittee ( IOSC ) compiled that addressed several aspects of scheduling.  After discussing the issue, the Committee members agreed to complete the survey on behalf of the utilities in their Regions.

Mr. McEacharn will send the questionnaire to the Operating Committee by July 1, 1989.  One response from each Region will be due back to Mr. McEacharn by October 1, 1989 and results will be discussed at the November 1989 meeting.

The answers should include the Regions’ opinions and background information behind their answers.

Mr. Nassief will address the impact of phase angle regulators in the WSCC response.

DC Control

Mr. Powell has discussed the need with several utilities for a Guide to address DC control.

He will have a suggested Guide revision for the Operating Committee to review at its August 1989 meeting.

1988 System Disturbances Report

Mr. Cucchi, Chairman of the Disturbance Analysis Working Group, discussed the draft report.  He noted the report’s emphasis of the problems associated with solid-state relay equipment and its sensitivity to system conditions.

It was on motion by Mr. Ham, seconded by Mr. Bulley, that the 1988 System Disturbances Report was unanimously approved for publication.

After discussion, the Committee did not believe the report warranted any changes to the Operating Guides.

MAP / TOP Task Force –

Mr. Paul Emmerich, who recently resigned from the chairmanship of the MAP/TOP Task Force, discussed the status of the MAP/TOP effort.  He emphasized the need for electric utility input to the standard.

Eastern Interconnection Hotline –

Mr. Phillips said he would like to test the Hotline more often during off-business hours.  The Committee agreed.  He will distribute the results of the first ( 1st ) Hotline test at the August 1989 Operating Committee meeting.

Don Benjamin noted that Southern Company was recording Hotline conversations.  Mr. Erickson said MAPP was too.  The Operating Committee discussed this issue and generally believed it was not a problem, however Mr. McEacharn was concerned about recording conversations by parties that were not part of the conversation. Messrs. Erickson and Campbell will determine whether MAPP and Southern Company are able to record conversations of which they are not part.

1989 Reliability Assessment –

Mr. Stout, Chairman of the Reliability Assessment Subcommittee, reviewed the capacity and demand forecasts, as well as other highlights, in the 1989 Reliability Assessment.  He also discussed a proposed questionnaire dealing with post-assessment statistics.  The Operating Committee expressed its concern about the appropriateness of the information, which would have to be collected on a non-coincident basis.

Performance Subcommittee –

Mr. Phillips’ Subcommittee report is attached as Exhibit E.

Adjourn

There being no further business, before the Operating Committee, the meeting was adjourned at 5 p.m. on June 6, 1989. F. Rich Nassief Secretary

NERC

Reference

http://www.nerc.com/docs/docs/oc/oc-8906m.wpd

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[ U.S. Infrastructure Electricity Grid Disruption Areas – Map ( click to enlarge and read image ) ]

Not all Solar Maximums are as severe as the 1859, 1940,  1972 and 1989 SEPE effects on Earth.

In 2003, a Solar Maximum SEPE did last 2-weeks, crippling two ( 2 ) satellites, plus instruments aboard the Mars Orbiter spacecraft.

NASA, indicates the Solar Maximum SEPE effects to hit Earth in 2012 or 2013 are something “we all need to be concerned about.”

Solar Maximum Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) Effects –

Solar geomagnetic storms ( also known as ) ‘Space Weather’ ( also known as ) ‘Solar Wind’ ( also known as ) ‘Sunspots’, and depending on the level of severity can effect ‘all types of metal wire’ causing serious side effects to property as well as posing serious dangers to human lives.

Wire Products –

Fence wire; Light bulb filament wires; Microelectronic computer components; Batteries holding electrons; Electrical wire ( straight, curved, bent and coiled ); plus, More…

Products containing wire possess ‘relatively organized’ electron particles, but when these get hit ( at near light speed but invisible to the naked eye ) by Sunlight acceleration into becoming highly energetic ( high-energy ) electrons, protons, and X-Ray particles they will confuse normally operating electrical devices and systems by ‘initial, severe and sudden disruption’ followed by ’subtle deactivating’, and these detrimental effects become experienced through two ( 2 ) long stage effects:

FIRST ( INITIAL EFFECT ) STAGE – Voltage spike overload creates instant transformer explosions, electric wire cable circuit burnouts, and wire fence heat igniting grass fires, etc.; and,

LAST ( RESULTANT EFFECT ) STAGE – loss of electrification by ‘electron particle relaxation’ and ‘electrolyte cessation’ ( stopped / halted ).

Once a Solar Maximum hits Earth it becomes known as a “Solar Particle Energetic Event” ( SEPE ) having already occurred and affects many things in a variety of locations and on different levels, such as:

ABOVE GROUND: Fence wire, electrical power lines and cables, wire in motors, generators, batteries, microelectronic components, etc.;

UNDER WATER: Sea cable communication wire and wiring;

ABOVE WATER: Ocean going vessel ship microelectronic components and wiring;

AIR: Airplane avionic microelectronic components and wiring; and,

SPACE: Satellite microelectronic components and wiring.

On January 21, 2009 NASA released a report claiming Solar Maximum storms that exhibit geomagnetic affects – resembling Electro-Magnetic Pulse ( EMP ) radiation ( non-harmful to humans but causing severe electrical black-outs from nuclear bomb detonations ) – would experience severe electron overloads and anything electrical disabled.

NASA report co-author John Kappenmann, of METATECH CORPORATION, indicated that ‘even more powerful’ than the aforementioned 1989 Solar Maximum was the much earlier May 1921 Solar Maximum that if hit today in modern society would feel the effects of at least 350 major electrical transformers being destroyed leaving over 130,000,000 million people without electricity in the United States alone.

[ click to read by enlarging image ( above ) ]

The loss of electricity would ripple across the social infrastructure of the United States and other foreign country citizens whom would see ”water distribution affected within several hours, perishable foods and medications lost in 12-hours to 24-hours, loss of heating, air conditioning, sewage disposal, phone service, fuel re-supply and so on,” indicated Kappenmann in the NASA 2009 report.

Now, the May 1921 Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) was not nearly as powerful as the earlier September 1, 1859 through September 2, 1859 Solar Energetic Particle Event where just one ( 1 ) of many aspects of the ‘negative affects’ was that even barbed wire fences became ‘too hot to touch’ that the wire strung on wooden fence posts ignited the wood on fire.

What more should we be expecting from a Solar Maximum that NASA warns “we all need to be concerned about?”

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( Pasadena, California ) research led by Bruce Tsurutani indicated, “In 1859, the technology was quite low in comparison to today’s technology, however the technology that we rely on today is much more vulnerable.”

Society back then ( 1859 ) were not adversely affected by that Solar Maximum storm in anyway it would now affect everyone today on Earth. In 1859, the telegraph system was only 15-years old. There were no Earth orbit satellites supplying broadcast news feeds to cable television, cellphones, or automated teller machines, electric power grids, computer chips, and computer controls within automobiles, trucks, trains, airplanes, ships, dams, water supply, refrigeration, and more.

European Space Agency project scientist Bernhard Fleck, for the SOHO spacecraft watching the Sun, indicates the next Solar Maximum super solar storm will be detectable, however that will be only half the story because we really will not know what the size of the affects will be until after it hits Earth again. According to ‘previous NASA reports’ the Solar Maximum is due to hit Earth between 2010 and 2011.

SOHO deputy scientist Paal Brekke indicates the 1859 Solar Maximum flare caught observers logging almost 1-minute of sunlight ‘doubling’ in the flare region of the Sun’s corona. “Such a strong White Light ( WL ) ( now known as “White-light emission” ) flare has never been seen since.”

“So if this type of flare happened, yes we would know right away,” adding that Earth’s ‘magnetic field orientation would not be known’.

Communication disruption will be imminent as soon as another Solar Maximum reaches Earth.

[ click to enlarge image ( above ) ]

There is, however, another historical projection from September 1859 when after the Solar Maximum hit Earth. Amazingly, batteries were being disconnected because they simply were no longer needed ( temporarily ) to operate many types of electrical equipment that automatically kept running by what 1859 people accounted to being a most unusual “atmospheric current” or ”aurora current” and referred to as an “auroral current.”

Who’s in real in danger of losing out economically, the utility companies? Electric metro rail commuter trains operate on electricity so, if ’no electricity is required’ does that mean public passengers will be charged less for ticket fare then they are today? What other ‘positive effects’ could occur? Electric vehicles and gasoline electric hybrid cars, will they continue to operate without any electricity’ or sorely ‘fail to operate at all’ in the wake of the Solar Maximum aftermath?

Solar Maximum SEPE ‘aftermath effects’ should see us preparing now for what also comes ‘after’ the “Auroral current” experience dissipates.

Will all electrical devices and systems be permanently affected and go dormant until old burned-out parts can be replaced with new replacement parts? How long will these types of major jobs take to complete before we may return to a life of normalcy?

Who will experience greater losses? People? Companies?

Food suppliers ( e.g. ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND, BARILLA, etc. ) will see ‘no way to deliver fresh food to customers’, especially in metropolitan and urban areas, and while ‘farms’ and ‘farmer markets’ will become popularly widespread it is equally important to realize the ‘time it takes to deliver fresh food to customers’.

What about ‘Winter’ blizzards when roads become inaccessible, do people stop eating?

What about ‘draught’, as national farm belt regions encounter ‘periods of hot temperatures’, or ‘no water pumped electrically’ from ‘water utility companies’?

Even more issues to consider about everyone’s destiny, is why governments may secretly be expecting ‘difficult access’ to ‘water’, ‘food’, or ‘both’. Sound impossible?

Touching one ( 1 ) secret’ reveals ‘national native tribal agriculture seeds’ ( ‘purest food form seeds’ ) are being purchased at ‘incredibly alarming rate’ and equally alarming ‘higher prices’ than usual. Why purchase these seeds, and who is buying them all up? Governments are doing this, and worldwide too.

For many decades, Russia still continues to maintain its ‘top secret’ government “State Seed Protectorate,” and while the U.S. government recently began buying up all the seeds they could from Native American Indians, other governments in Latin America, Australia, Africa and elsewhere are buying up all they can too. Interestingly, as that may seem, even more incredible is ‘where governments are storing these incredible huge quantities of seeds’. An incredibly huge ‘seed bank’, located in – of all places – a ‘northern’ Artic region. Why the sudden rush?

While ‘utility suppliers’ – without electricity – see ‘no way to distribute electricity’, ‘natural gas’ to heat customer homes, ‘home heating oil’ to heat homes, ‘telephone’ customers without any telephone service, it is an equally economic fact that ‘governments will lose those company customer tax incomes’, however ‘coal companies’ will takeover for the United States has the world’s largest natural resources of ‘coal reserves’ that may be used in the future to heat not only homes but also return to power trains, trucks and even automobiles.

Might we be forced to ‘invent new means’ by which we can go forward operating under an entirely new magnetic electrical principle on Earth?

Will all spacecraft satellites and the International Space Station ( ISS ) experience ‘orbit decay’ consequently falling back to Earth? If so, what effects can Earth residents and businesses globally expect from such falling objects from space?

Worldwide employment is about to become busier than ever before in the history of mankind.

Global unbalance from Solar Maximum SEPE

As governments amass mankind to rebuild government infrastructures, what will be done about ‘not enough people to fill so many new job openings’?

Will everyone so focused on such jobs that war might become a thing of the past? If so, what will governments do about an incredibly consequential population explosion?

How will governments ‘manage supplying even more water’ and ‘even more food’ to ‘even more children being born and growing-up during a 10-year ‘infrastructure recovery period’?

While speculation continues to abound, surrounding a variety of problems answered by new concepts, NASA believes it provided everyone with all they need to know  “Toilets won’t flush,” because of a Solar Maximum SEPE due, which is “something we all should be concerned about.”

What does ‘that’ NASA statement allow anyone to really understand? Nothing perhaps, except that the word ”concerned” is a ‘comforting word’ used to ‘allay fear and panic’ by eliminating the ‘reality word’; “worried.”

What precisely is ‘it’ – or is there actually ‘more than one issue’ – ”we all need to be worried about?”

Unfortunately, NASA is ‘not saying anything more’ other than it’s ‘something’ “we all need to be worried about.” NASA’s “something,” is it a ‘major’ “something” that will change everyone’s life?

No ‘clear official government definition’ is provided anywhere, which throws-open the doors of speculation about ‘what’ will ‘all the ill affects be’, and what ‘do’ “we all need to be ‘concerned’ about?”

Speculation, on this magnitude of an event with no answers coming from anyone in an official position simply fails to direct anyone to do anything to prepare themselves or their families. Hence, ‘this’ is precisely what leaves open the door for wild worry and panic to enter many lives so, is ‘sheer panic’ what governments want to take hold?

Does a Solar Maximum SEPE scatter our brain waves rendering everyone unable to function, much in the same fashion by which government left everyone in a fog to guess about ‘what’, ‘when’, and ‘how much’ will happen that is  “something we all need to be concerned about”? Will ‘mental health’ issues increase? Why then is there ‘no information guidance’ as to what the effects will be with the Solar Maximum SEPE event due, according to NASA?

It becomes real scary when NASA says, “We don’t know to what extent the effects will be yet, and will not know until after it hits Earth.” Gee? That “waiting to see what happens” is ‘real comforting’, right?

What does the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) – now appearing on yet another U.S. government ‘website’ named “Ready.Gov” – have to announce to the public about a Solar Maximum SEPE that will disrupt electricity supply? ( see immediately below )

Will a Solar Maximum SEPE allow everyone to ‘float through the air’ ( joking ) in the electrically excited auroral current of ‘green atmospheric electrons’ ( no joke )?

There ’must be a reasonable limit’ set as to both ‘negative affects’ and ‘positive effects’ that all citizens should be made aware of by their government leadership.

Today we rely on more than just ‘ground-based’ telephone and telegraph wire cables’ to communicate across vast distances by also using ‘space-based’ satellites and ‘sea-based’ oceanic communication cables. Is this ‘major solar event’ something we really need to be concerned about?

Can NASA get ‘their’ story straight?

NASA, leadership sees other NASA officials saying “nothing significant” is going to occur. Whoa, wait a minute. Then ‘what U.S. government agency’ is the ‘public supposed to be listening to’?

Can the U.S. government get ‘their’ story straight?

Wondering about all this, I decided to call the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ), who said to check with NASA, who said check with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ), who said check with your local government, who did ‘not even know what a SEPE was’ let alone ‘how to prepare for one’. Several local government leaders said, “Is this a joke?”

Who knows about the ‘effects’ from a Solar Maximum SEPE on Earth?

If the public will not wake up to the ‘most current’ NASA announcement on ‘several television news broadcasts’, should they pay closer attention to someone else? Forget about asking the “Men In Black” ( MIB ) whom were taken off air waves in the late 1960s when Quinn Martin shut down his black and white television series, “The Invaders,” where ‘phone lines’ and ‘people’ often turned-up ‘dead’.

How about FOX News Glen Beck? He says he has his “FOX Team” of “researchers” whom discover things for him all the time!

Perhaps, ‘Jay Leno’ would get off his motorcycle and ‘ask the man on the street’?

How about your ‘local psychic’ who claims to ‘know all’ and ‘see all’ in-to ‘your future’!

I’m sure Tina, the gal standing on the corner with the pink spiked hair-do, could find out for you if the price was right.

I’m leaning, however toward the man on the street holding the sign, “The End Is Near!”

You decide ‘who will be the best judge over information’ for you and your family!

The fact is we ‘all’ – at-least – need to be ‘aware’ of the Solar Maximum SEPE as a coming ‘major event’ that will likely be changing how we will be living here on Earth sometime in either 2011, 2012, or 2013 according to ‘some brave government officials’, ‘professionals’ and ‘researchers’ around the world who probably ‘know better than most of us’ now at the current time.

Everyone’s life today is ‘dictated by matters of convenience’

Today ( 2011 ) ‘we have all become as children’, ‘extremely dependent’ on certain things that are ‘important to us very personally’, and ‘electronics enable us’ to ‘accomplish many things for ourselves’ and ‘on a daily basis’ now for many decades. Unfortunately, many people take for granted items like ‘gasoline’ provided at ‘gas stations’ ( ‘pumps’ all ‘controlled by electricity’ ) where we know our ‘vehicles’, ‘buses’, and transport trucks ( ‘engines’ all ‘controlled by ‘electricity’ ) bring us ‘near to everything’ we ‘need’. Our foods, we know are ‘kept fresh’ by ‘cool temperatures’ ( ‘refrigerated containers’ all ‘controlled by electricity’ ). Other conveniences, we take for granted are Automatic Teller Machines ( ‘ATMs’ all ‘controlled by electricity’ ) for cash, banks ( ‘computers’ all ‘controlled by electricity’ ) for direct deposits and cash, Point Of Sale ( ‘POS’ machines  all ‘controlled by electricity’ ) for retail counter purchase transactions ( cash, debit, or credit ), ‘postal mail delivery’ ( ‘trucks’ and ‘airplanes’ all ‘controlled by electricity’ ) and ‘last but not least’ – that even NASA warned us about in 2009 – “toilets that will not flush” ( ‘water company pumps’ all ‘controlled by electricity’ ) but ‘even more importantly’ than “toilets” is ‘how water reaches us to drink’ – from faucets!

Many will discover more answers from this report, its video clips and references that will now at least provide a few helpful hints for people to begin considering and planning for when the Solar Maximum SEPE arrives tomorrow – and ‘it’ will be coming to Earth ‘very soon’.

Predicting a Solar Maximum SEPE on Earth

Although one ( 1 ), of many, NASA missions began over 4-Years, 4-Months and 10-Days ago it is important to know that ‘invisible energy particles’ come from a Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) that most people call a “solar flare.”

New terms ‘distancing public awareness’ controlling ‘public complacency’

But what’s in a name? Government ‘official politically correct terms’ lead many into a state of ‘false complacency’ ( rest at ease, because “nothing’s going to happen” ) by ‘now rarely using the familiar term’ “solar flare,” now “solar wind.”

Gee? On the surface it appears as “nothing” to the public but a nice “solar wind” washing across everyone’s face as they bask in the Sun at the beach, right? Wrong!

A “solar wind” – by the time it strikes Earth – will ‘not blow’ or ‘even move’ so much as one ( 1 ) single ‘feather’, but the term “solar wind” ‘allays public fear’ of any ‘emerging ray’ while ‘dumbing-down public knowledge’ as to what a “solar flare” really is, what it consists of, and the ‘damage it can and usually does’ to many people’s lives on Earth. Hey, but do ‘not’ hang the person who coined the term “solar wind,” at-least not yet.

A “coronal mass ejection” ( CME ) is, a “solar flare” that becomes, a “solar wind” when it leaves the surface of the Sun, and by the time it strikes Earth, it becomes known as a “Solar Energetic Particle Event” ( SEPE ) consisting of ‘invisible high-energy particles’ of which ‘electrons’ negatively affect ‘electricity’.

Remember the aforementioned and while everyone else is lost not knowing what to do – thanks to ‘government officials’ and ‘television news’ making everything in life sound so rosy, you’ll ‘know precisely’ what ‘it’ is ‘that just struck you’ and ‘all around you’ so you can ‘quickly begin dealing with the aftermath’ that will definitely follow.

Who knows? You might even end-up becoming a ‘surviving leader’ of a ‘whole new tribe’ of ‘poor unfortunate souls’. Those wishing to be ‘followers’ – please skip reading the rest of this report <grin>.

Coronal Mass Ejections ( CME ) pack one heck of a powerful wallop throughout our Solar System on several planets so they are fairly complicated, as follows:

– Sun surface ‘high-energy magnetic eruptions’ are like ‘reversed electrical lightening storms with a thermonuclear magnetic boost’ from ‘highly magnetic field layers of liquid magma’ – from the ‘core’ of the Sun – circulating up to the surface where ‘extreme high field strength element ( EHFSE ) niobitic magnetic loops’ seep through the surface ( corona ) reaching ‘extremely high altitudes’ where they ‘sway back and forth’ collecting ‘cosmic ray particles’ ( CRP ) causing a ‘cluster magnetic convergence’ explosion cutting ‘solar magnetic umbilical cords’ skyrocketing them into outer space. Those CME “solar flares” – exploding in certain regions of the Sun – head toward Earth while other “solar flares’ go elsewhere throughout our planetary Solar System.

“Solar Flare” ‘high-energy magnetic electron particles’ ( SEMEP ), upon reaching Earth, only become a “Solar Energetic Particle Event” ( SEPE ) creating ‘various strengths’, of:

– Geomagnetic storms.

When the Sun’s Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) discharges highly energetic ( out of control ) electrons ( invisible to the naked eye ), a Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) or Solar Energetic Particle ( SEP ) Event occurs, but only ‘dependent upon the quantity’ of High Field Strength Element ( HFSE ) niobium based magnetic electrons able to ‘penetrate’ Earth’s “Magnetosphere” ( Earth’s ‘core generated magnetic shield’ outside Earth extending into outer space ), the ‘electrical amplitude disruption’ will either be ‘minor’ ( ‘radio frequency’ RF signal disruption ), ‘major’ ( electrical equipment burn out failures ), or ‘significantly serious’ enough to cause Earth’s ‘inner magnetic pole to shift in degrees’ – one way or the other.

Important to understand is, that from the very instant these “Solar Maximum” SEPE highly excited ( no orderly flow ) electrons strike Earth, ‘electrons flowing through conductive materials’ ( e.g. wires, batteries, electronic components, etc. ) will temporarily cease ‘operating electrical devices and systems around the globe’ until the invisible ( to the naked eye ) electron storm event ceases to be a problem on Earth.

NASA claims, U.S. Air Force Weather Agency ( AFWA ) “Global Environmental Intelligence” ( GEI ) predictives’ currently indicate, that a:

– Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) ‘effects can occur’ between ’2010′ and ’2013′;

– Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) ‘effects can occur’ in ‘less than 18-hours’ from the largest Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) recorded in 1859;

– Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) ‘effects will last’ anywhere from a ‘few months’ to “1-year” or “2-years”; and,

– Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) ‘effects may be deflected’ by ‘establishing a conductor array’ to ‘absorb’ ambient ‘high-energy electron particles’.

“Solar Maximum” affects ‘all electronic devices and systems relying on a normal flow of electrons in order to operate’, which means ‘all electrical wire filaments with electrical current flowing through them’ will stop operating properly. The ‘brief list’ of which, includes:

– Batteries: Lithium ion – LiIo, Nickel Cadmium – NiCad, Rechargeables, Dielectrics ( automotive, trucks, buses, locomotive trains, airplanes, boats, motorcycles, etc. ), others;

– Photo voltaic cells;

– Electrical motors – Generators ( turbine ), Transformers, Coils, Alternators, Starters, Voltage Regulators, Electric Motors ( drills / grinders, etc. – with copper wire windings within );

– Light bulbs ( filament and neon with electricity ballasts will NOT operate – ‘liquid light’ sources WILL operate! );

– Water well sources ( ‘electrically pumped’ will NOT operate – ‘manual gravity pumps’ WILL operate )

– Telephones ( switching centers, distribution boxes, handsets, headsets, microcircuits, transformers, coils, etc. – containing electrical wire or cable );

– Televisions, video cameras, charged couple devices ( CCD ), digital cameras, radios, and flash lights ( electrical, battery-operated, solar-powered, or hand-cranked will ‘NOT’ operate – ‘liquid light’ sources WILL operate! );

– Computer driven devices ( ATM cash machines, computers, facsimiles, telephones, cellphones, satellite phones, memory thumb-sized drives, internal hard drives, external hard drives, printers, facsimile machines ( FAX ), electric typewriters, etc. – ‘manual typewriters’ WILL operate! );

– Satellites, refrigerators, freezers, gasoline station pumps, charged coupled devices ( CCD ) in digital cameras and other CCD dependent equipment, memory chips, memory thumb-sized drives, computer driven internal and external hard drives, plus an incredibly long list of many other items relied upon to operate normally and ‘retain important information’ for us all.

Should we begin practicing our writing skills?

Should we begin ‘printing everything onto paper’ from computers?

What about the U.S. government ‘Paper Reduction Act’?

What about ‘innocent trees from being ‘butchered into pulp’ for ‘paper’?

Top 7 Global Profiteers from a ‘significant’ Solar Maximum SEPE?

1 – Water ( fresh drinking ) suppliers;

2 – Farms – a. fish b. nut c. agriculture c. poultry d. pig e. mule f. horse g. dairy;

3 – Salt producers ( food preservative );

4 – Coal companies ( furnace heat );

5 – Wood & Paper manufacturers ( supports 1, 2, 3, & 4 above );

6 – Pharmaceutical manufacturers ( medicine ); and,

7 – Chemical companies ( supports 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 above ).

Top Global Loser from a ‘significant’ Solar Maximum SEPE?

1 – Public ( in general ).

Before considering, preparing and instituting anything by anyone, there is a ‘basic matter of survival’ given the fact that mass reliance on what is about to be extinguished for an indeterminate period of time has not been addressed to-date by governments to citizens.

Supplying a few answers, to the following questions, would provide a better chance of survival:

1. Where does one go to understand?

2. What must one consider after understanding?

3. How does one prepare plans after considering?

4. When does one institute plans after considering?

Answers to the aforementioned four ( 4 ) questions, if left up to themself, most would not know and consequently not survive mass public panic by such an event.

Understanding what one is facing, exercising common sense and good judgment is the most important thing anyone can do to properly survive. A ’few’ will figure it out – the hard way – but while many have absolutely no clue as to what they are about ready to face, a few confident souls may only ’think they know how to get through it’. The harsh reality is less than 1% will survive. Those whom ‘do survive’ will either ‘know how to properly survive’ or ‘learn how to survive’ by ‘other means’ of ‘chance’ or ‘circumstance’. Many will unfortunately fail to ‘exercise good judgment’ at only one ( 1 ) ’critical moment’ when a little ‘common sense’ and ‘understanding’ a few ‘key critical’ elements – about ’people’ and ‘science’ – could have pulled them through.

Unfortunately, ‘socio-economics’ and the ‘science of surviving without common comforts’ is not required studies in ‘basic elementary school’ so, one must set-out to exercise their own crash course elementary study in these subjects where they will learn something about psychology, finance, government, and how to forage for themself. Subjects, such as these – typically deemed ‘boring to most’ – in ‘this SEPE event’ will determine ‘survivability’.

– Understand ‘precisely what will occur’ – Do not rely on anyone;

– Consider an ‘initial survival plan’ – Do not rely on anyone;

– Consider a ‘contingency survival plan’ – Do not rely on anyone;

– Prepare ‘both plans’ – Do not inform anyone;

– Patience – Do not hurry – Do not waste time; and,

– Institute ‘Plan 1′ ( initial ) – Wait to go to ‘Plan 2′ ( contingency );

– Consider ‘alternate transportation’ – Prepare for ‘mule’ or ‘feet’;

– Consider ‘foods and liquid’ – Prepare for ‘nuts’ and ‘condensation’; and,

– Consider ‘remote living’ – Prepare for a ‘natural or makeshift shelter’.

[ click to enlarge image ( above ) FEMA COP ( Mount Weather, Virginia ) ]

Alternatives to ‘inability’ or ‘unwillingness’ to ‘self-survive’ leaves hope otherwise flapping in the breeze fluttering about while waiting for government replies through its ‘application process’ for ’distressed people’ believing they will be going to a ‘continuity community center’ ( CCC ) or better yet drug away to what ‘conspiracy theorists term’ a “Deep Underground Military Base ( DUMB )” but in either event only ‘after a cataclysmic event’ has taken place.

Might only be for a month ( 30-days ), but in the event of more permanency it ties-in remarkably to yet even ‘other conspiracy theorist’ claims as to ’why’ the ‘internet addiction’ was allowed to ‘publicly fester’.

Internet preoccupation has ‘distinct self-programming qualities’ supporting human isolationism theories, and may very well be an ‘advanced emergency preparedness tool’ that has certainly hooked millions rather uniquely but socially destructive ‘creative self-indoctrination programming’ methodology scheme.

Internet junkies spending entirely too many hours day and night online are certainly prime candidates whom will adjust more rapidly to ‘socially isolated environmental living’ ( e.g. under ground, beneath the sea, or in outer space’ ) than those continuing semblances of normalcy by exercising extended periods of daily interpersonal relationship socializing. There are plenty willing to argue those issues, but none willing to alert anyone as to Solar Maximum SEPE effects coming and what they should prepare for.

Major news organizations worldwide note how ‘interpersonal communication skills’ between individuals meeting to communicate is on a ‘quality landslide downward’ because so many millions of people no longer maintain frequent interpersonal communicating skills between each other and are now consequently ’unable to successfully function with what was known previously as a normal daily life’ without their current ‘interference addiction’ of internet grand scale usage.

Today, many ‘survive’ on ‘social security benefits’ and ‘disability benefits’ from the government so, what if you are in a DUMB for a 2-year stay – until everything is ready?

Believing government will work ‘very fast’ – using horses, mules, covered wagons, buggies, and /or bicycles – to speed your recovery back to some semblance of normalcy is intelligent thinking, no? Government wouldn’t just forget about ‘you’ would it? There are ‘laws’ protecting citizens from this sort of event, aren’t there?

What “roadmap” has government already ‘strategically planned’?

Remember how important ‘understanding’ is going to be for survival?

National Space and Atmospheric Administration ( NASA ) third ( 3rd ) ‘strategic element’ Solar Terrestrial Probe ( STP ) for the NASA Sun Earth Connections Roadmap ( SECR ) mission of the NASA Solar Terrestrial Energetic Relations Observatory ( STEREO ) involved Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation ( SECCHI / EUVI / COR ) telescopic camera imaging sensors tell Earth what is headed our way by using five ( 5 ) scientific telescopes programmed to observe Coronal Mass Ejections ( CME ) from the Sun to the Earth.

Current ‘up to the moment color photographs’ of Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) solar flares can be instantly viewed at this official website link for SECCHI displays those coming  to Earth. Additionally, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) ‘Earth time and date impact chart’ can be viewed on its Space Weather Alerts and Warnings Timeline ( SWAWT ).

[ click to enlarge image ( above ) ]

NASA Solar Terrestrial Energetic Relations Observatory ( STEREO ) primary goal is an in-advance three-dimensional ( 3-D ) study of Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) dynamics on Earth interplanetary evolution.

NASA Solar Terrestrial Energetic Relations Observatory ( STEREO ) SECCHI and SWAVES provide imaging observation of the Sun’s heliosphere ( varies temporally ) with unprecedented ( record setting ) use of combined ‘imaging experiments’ and ‘in-situ experiments’ ( IMPACT and PLASTIC ).

NASA SECR ( Sun Earth Connections Roadmap ) STEREO ( Solar Terrestrial Energetic Relations Observatory ) SECCHI suite of five ( 5 ) cameras consist of three ( 3 ) primary components:

– Sun Centered Imaging Package ( SCIP ) consisting of three ( 3 ) telescopes; – Heliospheric Imager ( HI ) consisting of two ( 2 ) telescopes; and, – SECCHI Electronics Box ( SEB ) or ( COR ) consists of command, control, communications, and computer intelligence ( C4I )  imaging electronics.

[ PHOTO ( above ): NASA STEREO spacecraft ( click to enlarge image ) ]

NASA Solar Terrestrial Energetic Relations Observatory ( STEREO ) consisted of two ( 2 ) spacecraft, nicknamed:

STEREO AHEAD spacecraft ( STEREO A ); and,

STERO BEHIND spacecraft ( STEREO B ).

SECCHI telescopes, mounted on both spacecraft ( STEREO-A and STEREO-B ) flanked Earth orbits of the Sun.

The two ( 2 ) [ STEREO AHEAD ( STEREO-A ) and STEREO BEHIND ( STEREO-B ) ] spacecraft launched, used ‘lunar gravity assist’ – slingshot effect from travelling around the moon several times – placing both into a heliocentric orbit.

The first ( 1st ), entering heliocentric orbit, was the STEREO AHEAD ( STEREO-A ) spacecraft, then 2-weeks later the STEREO BEHIND ( STEREO-B ) spacecraft, both drifted away ( at an average rate of about 22.5 degrees per year ) from Earth – whereupon after their 2-year nominal operations phase ( 2008 ) – each spacecraft was then positioned about 90 degrees apart – about 45 degrees from Earth.

STEREO AHEAD spacecraft drifted ‘ahead’ of Earth.

STEREO-B spacecraft drifted ‘behind’ Earth.

To accomplish drift for each craft:

STEREO AHEAD ( STEREO-A ) spacecraft traveled ‘faster’ – than the solar orbit of Earth;

STEREO AHEAD ( STEREO-A ) spacecraft orbited ‘closer distance’ to the Sun – than the solar orbit of Earth;

STEREO BEHIND ( STEREO-B ) spacecraft traveled ‘slower’ – than the solar orbit of Earth; and,

STEREO BEHIND ( STEREO-B ) spacecraft orbited ‘further distance’ from the Sun – than the solar orbit of Earth.

[ click to enlarge image ( above ) ]

On January 7, 2011 a solar Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) – detected earlier by the STEREO-A spacecraft – is just now ( 09JAN11 ) arriving on Earth from a solar flare that is only the beginning of what is being ‘officially claimed not a serious threat to Earth’, however it is expected to ‘increase in intensity’, however this is ‘not’ the Solar Maximum Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) expected between June 2011 but by no later than the end of July 2011.

[ click to enlarge image ( above ) ]

NASA has ‘at least’ two ( 2 ) spacecraft solar programs going on in outer space that will hopefully be able to catch a glimpse ( for only a little while ) of a Solar Maximum SEPE, however ‘all’ such spacecraft share one ( 1 ) primary and extremely similar problem best outlined by learning more about NASA antiquated solar spacecraft still floating around in space hoping to continue providing information to Earth. For ‘how much longer’ is about to be answered.

NASA? We Have A Problem!

Early Warning Data Black Outs

[ click to enlarge image ( above ) ]

In 1997, NASA Earth solar space weather 15-minute to 45-minute ’early warning’ probe Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) detects inbound solar geomagnetic storm steams of ‘highly excited and disorderly flowing electron’ particle solar plasma ( invisible to the human eye ) until it becomes overloaded by a Solar Maximum because even ACE onboard sensing camera detectors rely on the ‘orderly flow of electrons’ for its technologies to function.

ACE black-out will take NASA longer than 15-minutes to determine ‘why’ ACE even blacked-out.

NASA Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) was only built to endure under ‘average solar wind conditions’ but nothing as intense as a Solar Maximum plasma flare.

NASA Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) sensing detectors are now 13-years old, no longer as sensitive, plus ACE has already exceeded its NASA calculated life expectance. NASA knows ACE 13-year old sensors will ‘cease to function before’ a Solar Maximum plasma flare ‘passes by’ ACE in space.

Upon a Solar Maximum event, predicted by NASA between 2010 – 2013, NASA Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) probe will become overloaded and burn-out from solar electron particle disruption and immediately go dead in space ‘before’ a Solar Maximum flare even passes its sensors.

No time soon could even a replacement for the NASA Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) ever be launched into place.

There is no intelligence in relying on ACE because in addition to all of the aforementioned, ACE is positioned 92,000,000 million miles away from the Sun and only 900,000 miles away from Earth that is 93,000,000 million miles away from the Sun so, this means that within a few seconds after the Solar Maximum flare passes detection sensors onboard ACE the largest geomagnetic storm will have already hit Earth.

Other solar observation satellites, such as Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) will only provide ‘some warning’ but with ‘far less detailed information’; especially in the wake of the NASA ‘predicted’ Solar Maximum SEPE effects in 2010 – 2013 on Earth; depending on ‘which NASA report’ one reviews.

NASA STEREO mission spacecraft ( STEREO AHEAD and STEREO BEHIND ) – in heliocentric Earth orbits – provide unique observation vantage points where ‘both enable’ a ‘stereoscopic view’ of ‘solar activity’, ‘reactions’ and ‘effects’ on Earth environments.

NASA STEREO four ( 4 ) instrument suites, supplying data measurements ( later assessed on Earth ), are named:

IMPACT – Energetic Particles and Magnetic Field Vectors; PLASTIC – Solar Wind Plasma; SECCHI – EUV Imager, Coronagraphs and Heliospheric Imagers [ U.S. Office of Naval Research ( ONR ) Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ) ]; and, SWAVES – Radio Burst Tracker.

Space Weather Beacon ( SWB )

Space Weather Beacon ( SWB ) feeds compressed, binned, subset data continually broadcasted from NASA STEREO mission spacecraft instrumentation through SECCHI ( Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation ) where downlink  ’image data’ ( not easily accessible via internet ) is ‘made available only to forecasters’.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) ‘only provides the public’ with ‘near-real-time’ ( ‘daily update still frame images’ ) from NASA STEREO mission spacecraft ( 2 ) sensor imaging camera telescopes retrieved through the STEREO project by using the STEREO Science Center ( SSC ).

– NOAA is ‘not the general provider’ of STEREO data.

In the future, NOAA expects viewing of ‘real-time image data’.

– NASA STEREO project ‘is the general provider’ of STEREO data.

Space Weather Beacon Shutdown

On January 8, 2011 ‘unexpected high current problems disrupting data flow’ forced shutdown of two ( 2 ) NASA spacecraft STEREO B ( STEREO BEHIND ) instruments:

– IMPACT [ In-situ Measurements of Particles and Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) Transients ] – measuring ‘solar energetic proton particles’ and ‘magnetic field vectors’; and,

– PLASTIC [ PLAsma and SupraThermal Ion Composition ] measuring ‘solar wind geomagnetic storm plasma’.

Measurements are of utmost significance for NASA and NOAA for space weather forecasts.

Late this week, NASA reported ‘both instruments’ ( IMPACT and PLASTIC ) recovered after having been shut down.

These two ( 2 ) instruments ( IMPACT AND PLASTIC ) provide significant space weather forecast data measurements, of:

– Solar wind ( geomagnetic storm ) plasma; – Solar energetic ( electrons, protons, etc. ) particles; and, – Magnetic ( field strength ) vectors.

While populations of the world yawns, at solar storms ‘now’, until a Solar Maximum SEPE hits Earth-  in 2013 –  thinking the day is too far away for them to be immediately concerned – many people do not even realize ‘what Solar Maximum SEPE effects are’ or ‘how a Solar Maximum SEPE effects them’. People simply ‘do not comprehend the impact on their life’ a Solar Maximum SEPE  solar storm effect contains.

The sad part for people is they are ‘not even preparing’ for a Solar Maximum SEPE – even after millions of people were warned by NASA and many major news organizations. Are people too preoccupied, living in their own little worlds? If not, then ‘why’ are people ‘not planning to do anything’? Why are people ’not prepared’ for a Solar Maximum SEPE?

People were ‘warned in 2010’ by both ‘government agencies’ and ‘news organizations’ about the Solar Maximum SEPE coming in 2012 or 2013 so, that only ‘registered a distant date’ for most – giving them a false sense of security for what could happen in 2011 as NASA previously warned people in “2006″ of the Solar Maximum SEPE coming in “2010 – 2011.”

What will it take to wake populations up?

News broadcasts already warned people of the Solar Maximum SEPE coming by 2012.

News broadcasts even warned people of the ‘effects’ a Solar Maximum SEPE will have on their lives.

What will it take to wake people up?

This report provides people with detailed information about ‘aftermath effects’ of a Solar Maximum SEPE, provides people with ‘official government background information’ on ‘official government problems’ facing a Solar Maximum SEPE, and provides people with ‘official government website internet links’ where people can begin ’learning to understand’ how ‘important emergency preparedness’ is with a Solar Maximum SEPE in 2012.

What will it take to wake people up? Solar Maximum SEPE will hit Earth ‘soon’.

Only a few know what NASA did and what other branches of government have done, but ask yourself what ‘you’ are ‘doing today’ to ‘educate yourself’ about ‘your basic survival’?

Forget about asking yourself where you’ll be by the end of the next 5-years. NASA already answered ‘that’ for ‘you’. Government is ingenious. To figure a way to ‘get masses of people ( young and old ) educated’ in ‘socio-economics’ as ‘cataclysmic events’ occur – without using any taxpayer money to accomplish that feat.

On March 11, 2011 a motion picture film will be released at theatres across America.

Many will not even realize how much they are going to receive from buying their own ticket to such an ‘event’.

Here ( below ) is an ‘initial compilation’ of ‘factual video clips only’ surrounding the “Solar Maximum” so ‘you can really understand what is important for you’.

[ click on each video ( below ) then click on next video ( below ) ]

After watching the aforementioned videos, which official organization do you think is telling the truth about the Solar Maximum arrival date? What about the lone ( 1 ) NASA ‘astrobiologist’ ( David Morrison – video above ) who claims – contrary to what NASA Administrative Leadership claims “we all need to be concerned about” – that somehow David Morrison somehow feels there “is “nothing to be worried about” regarding a “Solar Maximum” ‘event’ and claiming there was ‘not going to be any’ ”Pole Shift” either?

Still convinced “internet doomsday prophets” and “intertnet conspiracy theorists” talking about ‘these particular same subjects’ are ‘totally wrong’?

One may wish to ‘re-think’ a few things because ‘now’ ( below ) there is ‘even-more factual evidence’ proving ‘more specifically’ what NASA now says, “we all need to be concerned about,” as the ‘absolute truth’.

1. NATIONAL AERONAUTIC AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION ( NASA ) video indicates the Solar Maximum ’peak’ by ’2012′ – ’2013′;

2. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION ( NSF ) funded NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH ( NCAR ) video indicates the Solar Maximum ‘earlier’ by ’2011′;

3. Government embedded news reports ( 1 above ), news guest reports ( 1 above ), and historical documentary ( 1 above ) indicates the Solar Maximum, only according to “NASA,” ’peaking’ by ’2012′ – ’2013′;

4. Private organizations indicate a Solar Maximum SEPE ’starting-up’ in ’2011′;

5. NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER (ARC ) astrobiologist David Morrison video indicates nothing significant will occur in ’2012′;

6. Loosely wrapped unstable maligned and misunderstoods babble about ”Doomsday” being ‘every year’ has been since ’1920′; and,

7. Juveniles don’t stick to one ( 1 ) story, after lying, when cornered by an adult.

Why can’t ‘government officials’ get their ‘official storyline’ straight?

Why are officials bobbing and weaving around questions by providing only ‘remarks of uncertainty’? Keeps everyone ‘guessing’ their ‘life’ and the ‘lives’ of their ‘loved ones’ too. How can this be tolerated by the public? Easy, the ‘public actually believes the government has no clue’ as to ‘when’ the Solar Maximum SEPE will likely strike Earth. Gee? How did the public receive ‘that impression’?

The facts ( below ) prove how ‘wrong’ that ‘public perception’ really is.

Official comments such as, ”We’re not sure when” and “We’re not sure what the effects will be,” have ‘no place in the public ear’ because if the public knew more about the technology government was using – the public would know that officials are blatantly lying in ‘both’ of the ‘aforementioned comments’.

The fact is, officials ‘know’ they are currently – and have been for several years now – using technologies in space and on the ground that can determine – within a few days – ‘when’ the Sun will create a ‘significant solar flare’ that will explode Solar Particle Elements ( SPE ) and ‘what mapped region number’ of the Sun will explode. Officials are now doing this technology with special optical and heat sensors that map the Sun’s ’internal magmatic flows’ to ‘easily determine’ high-energy build-ups ‘within the Sun’ and ’before’ a ‘significant solar flare erupts’ on the ‘surface of the Sun’. Sound unbelieveable? Review the official NASA website links ( below ) in “References” provided at the bottom of this report.

Now, which ‘official’ is ’in charge’ of ‘telling the public’ the ‘complete truth’ about all this?

The public should have wised-up to the oldest government cover-up tactic where the public is ‘fed the official reason why an official did not tell the truth’ because, “The official didn’t want to appear ‘instantly stupid’ to a public audience.”

Does the public actually think government justified trillions of taxpayer dollars spent since 1980 ( 31-years ) to ‘research the Sun for no major reason’ except ‘curiousity’? The Solar research program continues to this day and beyond. There is even a U.S. Presidential Directive ordering NASA Programs.

This U.S. Presidential Program Directive is named, “Living With A Star” ( LWS ). Sounds real nice, huh? But, what if the U.S. Presidential Directive Program was otherwise known as, “Dying With A Star” ( DWS )?

This U.S. Presidential Program Directive also orders ‘space missions to find other planets for inhabitation by Earth individuals’. Sound unbelieveable? Review the official NASA website links ( below ) in “References” provided at the bottom of this report.

What prominent U.S. government official announced ( 2010 ) to the world that an Executive Office ( Office of the President of the United States of America ) was made to ‘disband’ the U.S. National Aeronautic and Space Administration ( NASA )? This fact is now a matter of public record and was reported by many U.S. news organizations around the world. Are ‘they’ lying about this?

Why has NASA so suddenly become,‘non-important’? What event took place or is about to take place? The official storyline is that NASA will – for a while – team-up with the European Space Agency ( ESA ) and that later-on NASA will step-aside to let the “private-sector” contractors take-over all U.S. space missions. The official storyline claims that with the U.S. economy in such a slump that it cannot afford the huge taxpayer budget of NASA. Does anyone in their right-mind believe any size group of private government contract companies can ‘out-fund’ the U.S. taxpayer budget for NASA space missions?

Knowing this, it is easy to see why even conspiracy theorists already tossed “plausible deniability” onto even their back-burners because ‘this major Earth event’ has ‘something far more going on than what is being officially being announced’.

They are definitely correct about at least one ( 1 ) thing and that is government is not saying anything further than, “we all need to be concerned” about a Solar Maximum ‘significant solar flare’ coming to Earth very soon.

Conspiracy theorists believe some ’other upcoming event’ in 2011 may actually be brewing that makes the Solar Maximum flare event appear insignificant.

Why is so very little being told, to the public, by officials?

[ click to enlarge image ( above ) ]

Some theories  are now confident about where huge amounts of taxpayer dollars disappeared. Funding, they say, for black budget operations built secret ‘escape spaceships’ or ‘underground luxury safe haven cities’ but ‘for only select members of the global elite’.

How will masses of people survive a Critical Infrastructure Key Resource ( CIKR ) breakdown during a Solar Maximum SEPE? Will masses be treated no differently than during legacy eras of war? Decades ago, during World War II in Germany, in order to even travel, make certain purchases, and gain access to certain facilities ’all people’ had to produce “papers” ( ‘official identification’ ) proving ‘who they were’ and ‘showing how they had been rated’ by government priorities. Has anything changed since the 1940s?

Well, we see government authority officials utilizing ‘computer screens’ to ‘verify information’ as to who we are plus more.

The book entitled ”1984,” written in 1948 by George Orwell, envisioned a period in the future where the public en masse led like sheep to slaughter by a wolf government that would broadcast across ‘flat screen televisions sets in walls at home’ ( remember this book was written in “1948″ ) subtle clichés, short phrases Orwell identified as ‘doublespeak’ coming from government ( “big brother” ) that sounded peaceful and logical but meant something entirely different, nevertheless entire populations were being programmed to understand something that really wasn’t true but designed surreptitiously to through the entire citizenry off the track as to what their government was actually doing to them behind their back.

It might become important for people to begin recognizing what government really means when referring to ‘screens’, ‘levels’, ‘prioritizing assets’ and ‘sectors’ on the topic of major national emergency security preparedness responses.

While government is undoubtedly only referring to ‘critical infrastructure facilities’ as being “assets” in “sectors” and how they intend on prioritizing them. How difficult would it be for government to apply the same measures to ‘people’ as “assets” in “sectors” that must be prioritized as well?

Is the vast majority of the public being kept out of the information loop? Whom are considered as “key assets” to government? Whom are the “key assets” that government considers “key”? Are those being labelled “conspiracy theorists” and “doomsday prophets” correct on anything “we all need to be concerned about”? Enquiring minds want to know, but more importantly, those wishing to survive want to know whether they should begin preparing ‘now’, and if so, for ‘what’.

[ click to enlarge image ( above ) Consequence-Based Top-Screen ( CTS ) Prioritization of Assets ( circa: 2010 ). Not from television series “24” ]

Why are so many people being kept in the dark by government, and just how does government plan on going about sorting out all the ‘little people’ – as to whom ‘live’ and whom ‘die’ in the aftermath of a ‘significant emergency’?

Who does government consider being rated at varying levels as “asset priorities” and just how was that already sorted out? Sorry, but I didn’t get that government memo either so, don’t feel too left out-of that particular survival loop planning stage.

Many already believe to know the ‘answer in a nutshell’, but are either too unwilling to openly admit where the masses will end-up in the aftermath or due to controlling intimidation factors would just rather not say anything publicly.

Will our citizenry populace be left to flounder? Will you and your family be left standing or laying alongside everyone whom have been purposely kept ignorant as to the facts of the Solar Maximum SEPE?

Which official government entity is in-charge of providing people with correct information?

U.S. National Laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico ( LANL ), where the hydrogen bomb ( H-Bomb ) was tested, indicates the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) has the job of informing the public about severe space weather headed to Earth.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) website link proves that Homeland Security ( HS ) coordinates ‘aftermath national emergencies’, ‘preparedness’ and ‘responses’  for ‘government’ ( ‘organizations’ and ’staff support’ ), ‘national critical key business and other organization’ security, plus ‘threat interdiction’.

Homeland Security ( HS ) is ‘not tasked with warning the public en masse’ but ‘coordinating security responses’ to protect the public.

Those whom climbed onto the back of DHS by pounding wild rumors across the internet, posting public announcements on some retail store neighborhood friendly bulletin boards, and even parking lot vehicle windows and doors to the public have been advised to climb off the back of DHS so HS can do its job for everyone – a good thing to have provided them.

Homeland Security Protection & Intelligence sees and handles far more in-advance than just horses and mules pulling covered wagons to establish delivery supply lines to people left in the wake of a national disaster as the Solar Maximum SEPE in 2012 is feared to be carrying for everyone.

People need to understand about ‘being notified as to national emergencies. Notification warnings to the public en masse ‘do not come directly from DHS’ and to-date Homeland Security has not yet been ’mandated by the U.S. Congress’ to provide ’public en masse warnings’.

U.S. Department of Homeland Security (aka) Homeland Security ( HS ) ’is mandated to perform only functions accorded it by U.S. Congress’ in relationship to security, amongst a few other things, a few of which are for DHS to ‘notify’ and ‘maintain contact’ with ‘national critical key infrastructures’ involving ‘industries’, ‘utilities’, ‘highways’, ‘transportation’, ‘laboratories’, ‘health centers’, ‘agriculture’, ‘water’, ‘local governments’, ‘law enforcement community’, ‘intelligence agencies’ and much more, however DHS is ‘not assigned the task of notifying or warning people en masse’.

Notifications and warnings to people en masse is assigned under U.S. Congressional mandate to another ‘official government organization’ and its ‘official leadership’ as the ‘sole official responsible’ for ‘issuing the order to people en masse’.

Trying to ‘positively identify the sole official responsible party’ is impossible due to the ‘official government bureaucracy labyrinth answer avoidance cloak over knowledge’ kept away from the public en masse.

Ask ‘any official’ to ‘precisely answer’ the question, “who is the ’sole responsible individual’ assigned to ‘order notification of the public en masse’ about a ‘pending national disaster’?” You will not receive a ‘precise answer’ perhaps, but an ‘official knee-jerk reaction’ of, “Why the President of the United States! Who else could give such an order to the entire U.S. population?” Not to say ‘there wouldn’t be a President’, but ‘what if the public en masse was unable to quickly recognize from within the U.S. government labyrinth chain of command’ who that person really is’?

According to U.S. Congress mandate, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) has a long list of ’secretly held individuals already qualified’ to fill even the U.S. Executive Branch command post who can give such an order to the public en masse.

First, there are books or manuals to be read, even by that person, should such a national emergency take place.

Not reported here is what is officially referred to as an “Extinction Level Event” ( ELE ), and this report only reports a “Solar Energetic Particle Event” ( SEPE ) predicted by U.S. government officials since 2006 as going to occur sometime ‘now’ between ’2011′ – ’2013′ so, what should “everyone need to be concerned about” ( NASA statement ) when ‘all electricity ceases to function’?

Even the ‘President of the United States of America’ is ‘advised by someone else’ as to ‘whether people en masse should be notified’ and ‘how they may be notified’ or warned of a pending disaster’ such as in the case of the Solar Maximum SEPE so, whoever FEMA has lined-up will also be advised, unless the advisor(s) cannot reach that ‘person in command of the nation’.

Who orders NASA? The President of the United States issues Executive Orders. NASA recently notified people en masse that in “2012 or 2013 Earth will experience effects of a Solar Maximum we all need to be concerned about.”

Did the “U.S. President of the United States of America” say ‘that’? No, “NASA” said it, but NASA only ‘announces’ what Executive Orders ( E.O. ) and Presidential Directives are, which actually originate the decision-making process from within the “Office of Central Intelligence White House” ( OCIWH ) that sees the U.S. President make the ‘announcement’ after ‘signing’ the Office of the White House Executive Branch Order ( EO ).

Okay so, ‘who’ is actually pulling the strings of the U.S. leadership – besides a ‘collective of decison-makers’ based on what they are fed from a ‘directorate committee’ of advisors? That information is in another report – not discussed here.

What ‘more notification or warning’ is the public ‘waiting for’? Something like, “Better locate the nearest fresh water supply source to drink from!”? Might be a good idea because, ‘most household tap water is supplied from pumps operated from electricity.

Locating a ‘freshwater well’ equipped with a ‘hand pump’ or ‘bucket with a long rope’ ( to pull water from a nearby fresh water lake or mountain stream ) is a very good ‘basic plan’ for everyone.

People en masse are ‘not likely to be herded’ via ‘horse drawn covered wagon trains’ across the open plains of America by the U.S. government federal officials presenting them with ’new residential living facilities’ as any type of a ’public emergency contingent’ shelter, or sending them to ’public dining halls’ for ’feeding’, or to ’medical clinics’ and ‘surgical centers’ for ‘treating’ various and sundry physical maladies, but probably ‘not mental illness treatment centers’ for which there will certainly be an ‘outbreak’.

One can bet that just as soon as transport supply lines encounter problems that even simple conveniences like medicines – even  ’aspirin’ – will soon become short on supply.

Hand-held can openers may become a convenient luxury to some when pop-top cans begin disappearing.

Farms where crops are, sounds nice but many will have already figured that out.

Boiling ( might want to think about a renewable source for creating a flame ) farm produce requires being able to consistently light a fire to to heat water – another good reason to have good supply of fresh water nearby!

People en masse will be left to remain where they are to deal with all of the socio-economic aftermath effects of a Solar Maximum SEPE. Governments will simply not be able to do anything ‘immediately’ for people, and although many should be able to comprehend such a burden on government, few will remain patient for very long.

Police and military functionally reductions to protect and serve will immediately spur local “Neighborhood Watch” into becoming ‘grass roots law and order’, unfortunately “Bill the barber” ( from down the street ) may not keep his leadership position very long once a ‘mob mentality’ decides he’s wrong and takes over the neighborhood.

Unpredictablility factors can and do usually and quite easily shift lives rather switfly with only a small variety of interferences or distractions turning a once seemingly well-organized group of level-headed people on the Neighborhood Watch Committee, whom thought they had everything figured out and going well for everyone, into an absolute nightmare once the ‘gang mentality’ enters the picture. After a few key gunshots, an entirely ‘new set of rules’ becomes ‘even more difficult to stomach’. Maybe “Bill the barber” leadership ideas weren’t so bad afterall.

Fewer people will comprehend why leaving – post aftermath – ‘where they are’ may likely ’not be such a good idea’. Those venturing out into once familiar environments may see how quickly those changed as mobs or gangs have a tendency to follow people to new sources for a variety of things there may nothing left after a mob is finished with it.

While there is still time left, ‘before’ the Solar Maximum SEPE effects are felt by people en masse, there ‘are current official government websites’ providing information, but unfortunately only as to ‘how national emergency preparedness’ will be ‘conducted’ on ‘general types of emergencies’ ( Weapons of Mass Destruction – WMD ) that ‘most are somewhat familiar with’, except when it comes to something entirely ‘different’.

Solar Maximum SEPE disaster leaves ’millions of people alive’ but ‘walking around’ until ‘quickly running out-of supplies’, which then becomes the ‘ultimate socio-economic disaster’ this Earth has ‘never experienced’.

Governments, to be safe, are ‘not’ prepared to deal with the public en masse during such an event, and will likely remain conveniently out-of-touch with the people – until after most everyone has settled down. Governments will then mount ‘counter-assaults’ – on any ‘mobs and gangs’ – easily taking over those few that remain. As for the remaining public? Such will likely ‘not’ be very pleasant to experience.

NOAA is currently notifying only people whom know ‘specifically where to look’ on the NOAA ’internet website’ about the Solar Maximum SEPE, but NOAA is ‘not advising anyone’ on ‘how to prepare’ for the Solar Maximum SEPE. Real nice, huh?

Everyone has already been ‘officially notified by NASA’ that the Solar Maximum SEPE is ‘coming’ and  ‘when’, by this ‘incredibly vague statement – “sometime in 2012 or 2013.”

NASA has ‘not warned’ anyone about ‘all electronic devices and systems stopping’, but NASA experts already realize ‘all electrically operated devices and systems will stop functioning normally’ when ‘bombarded by wildly excited electrons’ coming from the Solar Maximum that NASA has already termed to become SEPE ( Solar Energetic Particle Event ) effects.

Solar Maximum SEPE wildly charged-up electrons will effect ‘all forms of electrical current’, which means all ‘alternating current’ ( A-C ) power supplies, ‘direct current ( D-C ) batteries’, ‘solar collector’ power supplies, ‘coil storage devices’, charged coupled devices ( CCDs ) for camera and television displays,  computers, cellphones, and even radios will no longer function for people en masse to even learn anything what is affecting everyone or where to go for emergency assistance.

One must realize the government already considered Solar Maximum SEPE ‘effects on people en masse’ so, having already been secretly discussed behind closed doors there is no need to waste their breath any further on the subject because there is literally ‘nothing anyone can do’ to stop it but there ‘are all kinds of things that can be done to prepare and survive’ a Solar Maximum SEPE.

The problem is, government won’t provide that type of information in-advance for the public en masse because ‘that announcement alone’ will ’trigger panic’.

This report is undoubtedly considered by government as ‘not likely to be believed by the public en masse’ therefore perhaps, ’not an immediate threat to public panic en masse’. Some may ’at least be able to understand what that means for them’.

Whether everyone will be happy about knowing that, once they realize what that really means, may later see everything change. Even this report, has been changed more than ’30 times’ since first published on January 2, 2011 to provide even more current news updates herein.

Sociologist experts ‘knowing public reactions en masse’ frequently advise U.S. government leadership, agencies of the U.S. government and even private-sector companies – including undustrials – on a variety of subjects that may negatively affect global foreign security in-addition to U.S. domestic national security.

Mass public notification from ‘only a remote government entity’ mentioning a ‘publicly unfamiliar impact’ ( e.g. Solar Energetic Particle Event – SEPE )  with ‘government refusing to state an approximation of the extent of an unknown national emergency future impact’ does ‘absolutely nothing to reduce public panic in the future’ because that type of government behavior does ‘nothing to prepare the public for any impact whatsoever that comes’. Government claiming ‘no knowledge as to future impact effects’ is ‘prevalent in history’.

Using a ’remote government entity, historically trusted by the public’, reduces but does not curtail future civil unrest and public uprisings against authorities including emergency first responders and endurance by releasing that ’initial official dual statement’ – the ‘initial public announcement’ – purposefully designed to ‘carry a little more social understanding’ from the public ( en masse ) after the Solar Maximum SEPE impact strikes everyone with its effects.

That ‘initial official dual statement’ will buy everyone a ’little more peacetime’ than had the public en masse received no warning at all so, government ( run by people who have families also ) is doing its best – given what everyone will experience from the Solar Maximum SEPE NASA indicates is ”coming to Earth in 2012″ when “we all should be concerned.”

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) information on the subject of solar geomagnetic storms ’currently allows public viewing’ of its Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ), a ’7-day forecast’ provided by its Space Weather Alerts and Warnings Timeline ( SWAWT ) chart, at: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/alerts/warnings_timeline.html

NOAA claims its space weather ‘prediction’, alerts and warning ‘vision’ is for, ”A nation prepared to mitigate the effects of space weather through the understanding and use of actionable alerts, forecasts, and data products.” [ http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/AboutUs/index.html ] Understanding? First, one requires ‘information’. When? Six ( 6 ) days ‘after’ a Solar Maximum flare travels from the Sun to the Earth in 18-hours; less than 1-day? What good will it do to know about it 6-days after it hits Earth?

NOAA indicates it can ’predict’ space weather based on scientific data if ’all tell-tale signs are in line with their assessment’, but for anyone to use the word “predict” is only a misnomer when the proper word is ‘forecasts based on existing factual assessments’.

The Solar Maximum ‘does not even exist yet’ so how is it ‘predicted’ already by NASA?

No one can ‘predict’ the future, unless ‘they somehow know’ or ‘have been told by a higher authority’ in-advance of ’something critical going to happen’.

Since we’re on the subject of NOAA ‘predicting space weather’ let’s not forget our friendly meteorologist weather men whom ‘forecast the weather’ but have been doing an extremely poor job for decades now on ‘predicting weather’ right here on Earth where ‘little can be predicted’ but gravity and a few other ‘factual understandings’ about ‘science’ and ‘life’ as we’ve come to know it.

Weather, on Earth or in Space, ’can only be assessed from facts, but only forecasted’. All those brilliant professionals need to stop trying to fool the public fed the ‘word’ “prediction” because they cannot ‘predict when or how much’ of a Solar Maximum SEPE will take place; unless – of course – they ‘know catastrophic will definitely happen in-advance’.

What is it that ‘they know’ that ‘we do not know’ yet? Why are so many officials so shy about saying anything more? No one hears any officials saying, “Prepare now for a catastrophic event coming!” Officials are only heard by a few of the public. And ‘only those few officials’ are ‘saying the same thing over and over again’, “The Solar Maximum is coming in 2012 and we all need to be concerned.” Isn’t that ‘enough’ of a public hint?

Unfortunately, people need more than a ’7-day warning’ from NOAA.

People also need more than a ’1-year warning’ with a smoke and mirrors vague statement from NASA.

Now in preparing this report for the public to learn about and after considerable research it was just learned that only 4-months ago NASA released its previously secret plan but hid it in an obscure area of a remote but official internet webpage, and ‘that information’ had to be ‘even further researched’ before being better understood to just begin realizing what is actually going on. What’s NASA’s plan?

Remember what was said about “predictions” and how they’re really “assessments?” The public is now going to be introduced to the government’s “Godfather of all assessments” hidden deep within an entity known as “SOMA.”

[ click to enlarge image ( above ) ]

In a secret joint effort between NASA and the European Space Agency ( ESA ) plans are now underway to launch what is called ”Solar Probe +” ( also known as ) “Solar Probe Plus” spacecraft directed into the Sun’s environment – like a ‘neutrino particle’ – where it is expected to withstand unbelievable temperatures plus far more than most could imagine while at the same time providing scientists and physicists here on Earth with new types of information never captured before from such a very dangerous new frontier in outer space.

Solar Probe Plus will be facilitating what is now a cosmic-sensitive investigation into retrieving Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) in-advance to understand far more about how to protect the Earth from a Solar Maximum SEPE ‘solar geomagnetic storms’ filled with ‘high-energy’ electrons, helium ions, protons and alpha particles plus more analyzed through highly sophisticated three dimensional ( 3-D ) color imaging sensors and more.

Remember the aforementioned two ( 2 ) NASA STEREO spacecraft SECCHI 3-D sensing camera telescopes now watching the Sun? Well, think of ‘that old technology’ pumped-up on ‘advanced technology steroids’ the likes of which is unimaginable by even most current day technological savvy people.

Solar Probe Plus technology, in just ‘advanced materials science’ alone, is amazing and reads like something out-of a science-fiction book about distant future capabilities, except for one thing. This new technology is already ‘here’, ‘very much real’, and very highly classified.

The Sun, also being an ‘extremely loud and noisy environment’ as well as an explosive place to be, will be having Solar Probe + transmit ‘intense solar shock waves’ measured ‘after capture’ devices aboard Solar Probe Plus by a program not ‘led by’ but ‘overseen by’ the NASA Langley Research Center ( LaRC ) organizational element Science Mission Directorate ( SMD ) Heliophysics Division that is being controlled by ”SOMA.” Now we’ve arrived to just learn what ‘secret organization’ is ‘driving this Earth mission behind closed doors’.

National Aeronautic and Space Administration ( NASA ) headquarters Science Office For Mission Assessments ( SOMA ) acquires, investigates, conducts secret studies and reviews ‘all outgoing announcements of opportunity ( AO ) solicitations’ and what they call ‘missions of opportunity’ ( MO ) for the NASA Langley Research Center ( LaRC ) secret element organization vaguely termed only as the “Science Mission Directorate ( SMD ).” The ‘term’ “directorate” is exclusively used by ‘only the leadership office’ of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ).

To understand where all this secrecy is coming from, one must have already conducted a dangerous undertaking ( Enterprise ) – from a distance – to just look at what all is behind the CIA In-Q-Tel Corporation secret IT directorate over highly advanced technologies hidden beneath the CIA Office of Science & Technology ( S&T ) ’branch leadership’ over In-Q-Tel Corp. ‘front’ of ’know nothing’ Board of Advisors. Now, while all this may only be as clear as mud, this is why the above two ( 2 ) webpage links provide exclusive coverage.

To keep ‘highly advanced technologies’ and its ‘related information’ about it an extremely well-guarded secret, the CIA even removed the ‘element of human beings from guarding over it’ by utilizing yet another little known about application by which that is even being done called Quantum Cryptographic control measure keys that few are able to even manipulate because even that technology is so well buried. One must keep in-mind that, contrary to popular belief, the CIA is very well experienced and quite adept at keeping secrets – extremely secret – unless otherwise releasing information in such a fashion such would also be quite advantageous. Common folks are not aware, nor are they aware of what a Solar Maximum SEPE is, and they are certainly ‘not being told what to expect from it either’.

NASA LaRC SMD Science Office For Mission Assessments ( SOMA ) acquires Earth and Space science instruments and develops Earth and Space missions from those solicitations and enables cost evaluations performed on both ‘technical’ and ‘management’ ( TMC ) ‘proposals’ submitted in response thereto, plus handles what is referred to as ”Phase A concept studies.”

NASA LaRC SMD Science Office For Mission Assessments ( SOMA ) leads secret ‘research, assessments and analysis’ it performs ‘acquisitions and investigations’ for the Science Mission Directorate ( SMD ), a ‘secret element’ of the NASA Langley Research Center ( LaRC ).

Science Office For Mission Assessments ( SOMA ) is principal interface for the NASA Academy of Program, Project and Engineering Leadership ( APPEL ) developing and implementing special training programs for principle investigator teams ( PIT ) as well as employees of NASA.

Solar Probe Plus is a spacecraft designed to go where no Earth spacecraft has ever gone before so we can touch, taste and smell particles of our Sun. Solar Probe Plus mission is part of the NASA “Living with a Star Program,” a program designed to assist Earth’s understanding as to how people may survive future Solar Maximum events.

There’s just one problem with Solar Probe Plus, It won’t be ready until 2018.

People want to ‘understand facts’, and they want to know ‘now’ because NASA ‘predicts’ this Solar Maximum being a ‘major global event’, ‘not’ just some science-fiction motion picture show we can all leisurely sit around eating popcorn, candy, and drinking soda pop while watching it.

Now people can pick up a TV Guide magazine and know what is forecasted for broadcast on TV, but with a Solar Maximum major event people are unable to learn anything more about what NASA and others know. Why?

NASA, NOAA, other federal government organizations, satellites, sensors, scientists, and some of the smartest people on Earth ‘know something’ that most people do not know ’yet’ and we likely may never know until this major event is too late to prepare a plan for and institute ahead of time. “Let’s see, now Mable, how much food and water do we have stored up at our vacation cabin in the mountains? Think we can get by with what we have for a couple years if need-be?”

One would think that with this Solar Maximum SEPE major global event coming, that news about it from NASA, NOAA and other government organizations would be continually plastered over every major news broadcast around the world. Well, it already ‘was’, however most people never saw it, did not listen to it, forgot it, or never heard about it from those they know.

While this particular report alerts many – at least those reading it thoroughly – as to an upcoming ‘real life major global event’ pertaining to everyone’s life, most are nevertheless carrying on their daily lives – preoccupied in their own tiny world of distraction serving events – in total blackout from comprehending what is about to occur ‘very soon’.

What will most do when the time comes, and it becomes too late to prepare a survival plan? Oh yes, let us not forget about all the survival fanatics. Even the famous religious organization of The Church of Latter Day Saints ( Mormon ) teach members all about ‘storing survival supplies’. Many are ready, however ‘how long are they prepared to survive for’? One ( 1 ) week? One ( 1 ) month? One ( 1 ) year? What if they need to survive for 2-years? Do they have enough stored?

Will people really need more than one ( 1 ) form of transportation or multiple properties? How’s their supply of aspirin, medicine and toilet paper? No basic can really be overlooked when it comes to all the basic comforts we’ve taken for granted for so long.

Knowledge as to what the effects of the impact will soon be, from this Solar Maximum SEPE on us all, is simply ‘not being focused on’ by any more than just a few people.

What most are going to do after looking at at the pretty pictures in this report is get themself something to eat, drink, watch some television, doze off to sleep and then awake to rush right back into their daily life – never giving this report a second thought about what could have otherwise been  learned to survive.

Most will not even mention this report to anyone. Some will ‘plan to wait’.  Some will ‘wait before doing absolutely nothing to prepare themself’.

Most people, after nose-picking ( for a real long time ), will still be ‘waiting’ and ‘picking’ when the Solar Maximum SEPE finally comes. These sharp as a marble ( civic-minded ) individuals belong to the “Should-a Could-a Would-a” group of folks whom are card-carrying members of the world’s most distracted people too busy ( doing nothing ) to make any intelligent decision much less anything else for their own good. They are, however quite excellent at dying while waiting for something to happen.

While some may possess a master’s degree in knowledge about sporting events and fashion, they flunk the test on simply asking a librarian to show them how to research the Solar Maximum ( Solar Energetic Particle Event ) plus ‘how to prepare’ using the  internet ‘now’ at the local public library.

The real disaster “we all should be concerned about” is ‘people not prepared for the Solar Maximum SEPE effects on Earth’.

NASA is ‘preparing protection’ but for only a few.

April 2011 is currently scheduled – but this may change to an earlier time – by NASA as America’s ‘very last U.S. Space Shuttle flight mission’ ( 134 ) with Endeavor spacecraft commander U.S. Navy Captain Mark E. Kelly ( 56 ) delivering to his twin brother Scott Kelly – commander of the International Space Station ( ISS ) – ‘advanced technology protection shields’, supplies and more.

– –

Source: Thomson Reuters News Agency

Shuttle Leaves Space Station To Begin Trip Home by, Irene Klotz ( Reuters )

May 30, 2011 15:28:36 GMT ( Updated ) May 30, 2011 08:28 a.m. ( PST )

CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida — Space shuttle Endeavour has departed the International Space Station, clearing the way for a final cargo run to the outpost before NASA retires its three ( 3 ) ship fleet.

As the spacecraft sailed 215-miles above Bolivia, pilot Greg Johnson gently pulsed the Endeavour steering jets on Sunday May 29, 2011 at 11:55 p.m. EDT ( Monday, May 30, 2011 at 03:55 GMT ) to back-away from the docking port that has anchored the shuttle since its arrival on May 18, 2011.

Endeavour delivered the International Space Station ( ISS ) premier science experiment — the $2,000,000,000 billion Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ( AMS-02 ) particle detector, and a pallet of spare parts – intended to tide over the orbital outpost after the U.S. Space Shuttle program ends.

“Endeavour departing,” radioed International Space Station ( ISS ) flight engineer Ron Garan. “Fair winds and ‘following seas’, guys.”

“Thanks Ron,” replied Endeavour commander Mark Kelly, “Appreciate all the help.”

Afterward, Endeavour maneuvered to within about 950-feet of the International Space Station ( ISS ) to test the ‘new’ Automated Rendezvous System ( ARS ), that is being developed for NASA’s next spaceship known as the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle ( MCV ) that is intended to fly astronauts to the Moon, asteroids, and Mars – eventually.

“We’re now separating. That’s the closest we’re going to get,” Mark Kelly radioed International Space Station ( ISS ) flight engineer Ron Garan.

Then Mark Kelly fired U.S. Space Shuttle Endeavour thrusters, and pulled away from the International Space Station ( ISS ) for the last time.

NASA plans to decommission Space Shuttle Endeavour, the youngest Space Shuttle ( with 25 voyages ), sending Endeavour to a Los Angeles, California museum for display.

One ( 1 ) final U.S. Space Shuttle mission is planned, before the United States ends its 30-year old Space Shuttle program, the U.S. Space Shuttle Atlantis due to launch ( July 8, 2011 ) with a 1-year quantity of supplies – for the International Space Station ( ISS ) – as a ‘contingency plan’ in-case ‘commercial companies’ ( hired to takeover supply-runs to the International Space Station ( ISS ) ‘encounter delays’ with ‘their new spacecraft’.

The U.S. Space Shuttles are being retired – to save $4,000,000,000 billion in annual operating expenses – as NASA ‘develops new spacecraft’ to travel further beyond the International Space Station ( ISS ) positioned at a 220-mile altitude ( 355-kilometers ) Earth orbit.

During its past 12-days, at the International Space Station ( ISS ), the U.S. Space Shuttle Endeavour crew conducted four ( 4 ) spacewalks to complete construction of the U.S. portion of the International Space Station ( ISS ) outpost – a $100,000,000,000 billion project of sixteen ( 16 ) nations – being assembled since 1998 in Earth orbit.

STS 134 Endeavour Space Shuttle is due back on Earth at Kennedy Space Center ( Florida, USA ) on Wednesday June 1, 2011 2:35 a.m. EDT ( 06:35 GMT ) – the same day its sister spaceship Atlantis STS-135 is scheduled to reach the launch pad for NASA’s 135th final flight.

Reference

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43216270?GT1=43001

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U.S. Navy Capt. Mark Kelly’s wife was United States Congress House of Representatives Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics Chairman Gabrielle Giffords who additionally held seats on the U.S. House of Representative Armed Services Committee on Science and Technology.

On February 9, 2011 NASA provided this video ( below ) about its STEREO spacecraft news event, but provided no update about anything else:

March 2011 official solar interpolated magnetogram forecast displays the following ( below ):

This report might begin to move people, with lead assets, to obtain some straight answers for some very difficult questions. Failing that, with bad news ahead, people should ‘prepare for impact’ because NASA says this is something “we all need to be concerned about.”

Interestingly, the only zeroing-in on a date came years ago ( 2006 ) when the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Heliospheric Division began mapping magnetic gas plasma flows ‘beneath’ the surface of the Sun’s corona, and from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) Michelson Doppler Imager ( MDI ) instrumentation magnetic data and over 80-years of solar historical background data, officials ‘discovered’ the Sun possesses a “magnetic memory” it always returns to from 200-years previously, and based on what official scientists and astrophysicists uncovered will shock you ( below ).

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Source: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Scientists Gaze Inside Sun, Predict Strength of the Next Solar Cycle by, Bill Steigerwald ( NASA Goddard Space Flight Center )

March 6, 2006

The next solar activity cycle will be 30% to 50% stronger than the previous one, and up to 1-year late in arriving, according to a breakthrough forecast by Dr. Mausumi Dikpati and colleagues at the National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR ) in Boulder, Colorado.

The scientists made the first [ 1st ] “Solar Climate Forecast” using a combination of groundbreaking ‘observations of the solar interior’ from space, and computer simulation.

NASA Living With a Star ( LWS ) Program and the National Science Foundation ( NSF ) funded the research.

The Sun goes through an approximate 11-year cycle of activity, from stormy to quiet and back again.

Predicting the Sun’s cycles accurately – years in advance – will help societies plan for active bouts of solar storms, which can disrupt satellite orbits and electronics, interfere with radio communication, and damage power systems.

The forecast is important for NASA long-term Vision for Space Exploration plans, since solar storms can be hazardous to unprotected astronauts as well.

Solar storms begin with tangled magnetic fields ( generated by the Sun’s churning electrically charged gas – plasma ). Like a rubber band that has been twisted too far, solar magnetic fields can suddenly snap into a new shape – releasing tremendous energy as a ‘solar flare’ or Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ).

Solar flares are explosions ( in the Sun’s atmosphere ) with the largest ‘equaling billions of one-megaton nuclear bombs’.

Solar magnetic energy can also blast billions of tons of plasma into space – at millions of miles ( kilometers ) per hour as a Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ).

This violent solar activity often occurs near SunSpots ( dark regions on the sun caused by concentrated magnetic fields ).

SunSpots and stormy solar weather follow the eleven-year cycle, from few sunspots and calm to many sunspots and active, and back again.

Key to predicting the solar activity cycle is an understanding of the ‘flows of plasma in the Sun’s interior’.

Magnetic fields are ‘frozen’ into the solar plasma, so plasma currents ( within the Sun ) transport, concentrate and help dissipate solar magnetic fields.

“We understood these flows – in a general way – but the details were unclear, so we could not use them to make predictions before,” said Dikpati, who published a paper on this research in the online version of Geophysical Review Letters March 3, 2006.

The new technique of “helioseismology” revealed these details by allowing researchers to ‘see inside the Sun’.

Helioseismology traces sound waves ( reverberating inside the Sun ) to build up a ‘picture of the interior’ – similar to the way an ‘ultrasound scan’ is used to create a picture of an unborn baby.

Two [ 2 ] ‘major plasma flows’ govern the solar cycle, the:

FIRST ( major plasma flow ) acts like a conveyor belt ( deep beneath the surface ), plasma flowing from the poles to the equator where the plasma rises and flows back to the poles, where it sinks and repeats.

SECOND ( major plasma flow ) acts like a taffy pull ( surface layer of the Sun ), rotates faster at the equator than it does near the poles. Since the large-scale solar magnetic field crosses the equator ( as it goes from pole to pole ) it gets wrapped around the equator ( over and over again ) by the faster rotation there. This is what periodically ‘concentrates the solar magnetic field’ leading to ‘peaks’ in ‘solar storm activity’; solar fireworks ( in the form of flares and Coronal Mass Ejections ) dissipate some of the magnetic field, and remnants are carried ( by the conveyor belt flow ) toward the poles. That material then becomes the ‘input for the next cycle’.

“Precise helioseismic observations of the conveyor belt ‘plasma flow speed’ by the Michelson Doppler Imager ( MDI ) instrument on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) gave us a breakthrough,” said Dikpati. SOHO is a project of international collaboration between NASA and the European Space Agency ( ESA ).

“We now know it takes two [ 2 ] cycles to fill half [ 1/2 ] the conveyor belt with magnetic field ( the part where it sinks at the poles and flows toward the equator, reaching mid-latitudes ), plus another two [ 2 ] cycles to fill the other half [ 1/2 ] – from the bottom at mid-latitudes, then rising at the equator and flowing toward the poles again.

Because of this, ‘the next solar cycle depends on characteristics’ from ‘as far back as 40-years previously’ – the Sun has a magnetic ‘memory’.”

The magnetic data input comes from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) Michelson Doppler Imager ( MDI ) instrument, plus ‘historical records’.

To test the model, researchers took ‘magnetic data from the past eight [ 8 ] solar cycles’, fed it into the computer, and ‘results matched actual observations over the last 80-years’.

The team then ‘added current magnetic data’ and ran the model ahead [ projected ] 10-years [ into the future ] to get their ‘prediction for the ‘next solar cycle’.

We are currently back in the quiet period for the current cycle ( cycle 23 ).

The next ‘solar cycle’ will ‘begin with a rise in solar activity’ in late 2007 or early 2008 ( according to the team ) and there will be 30% to 50% more SunSpots, flares and Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) in cycle 24 – about ’1-year later than the prediction’ ( using previous methods relying on statistics like the strength of the large-scale solar magnetic field and number of SunSpots to make estimates ) for the ‘next cycle’.

Dikpati’s team includes Dr. Giuliana De Toma and Dr. Peter A. Gilman, all scientists of the NCAR High Altitude Observatory ( Boulder, Colorado ) whose primary sponsor is the National Science Foundation ( NSF ).

Reference

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2006/solar_cycle.html

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Source: NASA

Science News

Solar Storm Warning by, Dr. James Anthony Phillips [ James.A.Phillips@EarthLink.Net ] – NASA Science News Production Editor

March 10, 2006

It’s official:

Solar ‘Minimum’ has arrived. SunSpots have all but vanished. Solar flares are nonexistent. The Sun is utterly quiet.

Like the quiet before a storm, this week researchers announced that a solar storm is coming, ‘the most intense Solar Maximum in 50-years’.

The prediction comes from a team led by Ms. Mausumi Dikpati of the National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR ).

“The next SunSpot cycle will be 30% to 50% stronger than the previous one,” she says.

If correct, the years ahead could produce a burst of solar activity second only to the historic Solar Maximum of 1958. That was a Solar Maximum!

The space sge was just beginning:

– Sputnik ( the first Russian satellite ) was launched in October 1957; and,

– Explorer 1 ( the first U.S. satellite) in January 1958.

In 1958 you could not know a solar storm was underway, just by looking at bars on your cellphone, because cellphones didn’t exist!

Even so, people knew something big was happening when “Northern Lights” [ Aurora Borealis ] were sighted three [ 3 ] times [ as far ‘south’ as ] in Mexico.

A similar Solar Maximum today, ‘would be noticed by its effect’ on:

– Cellphones; – GPS; – Satellites ( weather ); and, – Many other modern technologies.

Dikpati’s ‘prediction is unprecedented’. In ‘nearly 200-years’ since the 11-year SunSpot cycle was discovered, scientists have struggled to predict the size of ‘future Solar Maximums’ but failed.

Solar Maximum can be intense, as in 1958, or barely detectable as in 1805 – ‘obeying no obvious pattern’.

The key to the mystery, Dikpati realized years ago, is a ‘conveyor belt’ on the Sun.

We have something similar here on Earth with the “Great Ocean Conveyor Belt” – popularized in the science fiction movie “The Day After Tomorrow.”

On Earth, it is a ‘network of currents’ carrying ‘water’ and ‘heat’ – from ocean to ocean.

In the science fiction movie, the Earth’s ‘ocean conveyor belt’ suddenly stopped, throwing Earth’s weather into chaos.

The Sun’s conveyor belt is a ‘current’ ( not of water ) of ‘electrical conducting gas’ ( plasma ) that flows in a loop, from the Sun’s Equator to the Poles and back again.

Just as the Earth’s Great Ocean Conveyor Belt ocean currents control weather on Earth, the Sun’s ‘solar conveyor belt’ controls ‘solar weather’ on the Sun.

Specifically, it controls the “SunSpot cycle.”

Solar physicist David Hathaway of the National Space Science & Technology Center ( NSSTC ) explains:

“First, remember what SunSpots are – tangled knots of magnetism ( generated by the Sun’s inner dynamo ). A ‘typical’ SunSpot ‘exists for just a few weeks’, then it decays – leaving behind a ‘corpse’ of weak magnetic fields.”

Enter the conveyor belt.

“The top of the ( Sun’s ) conveyor belt skims, the surface of the Sun, sweep ‘dead magnetic field knots ( from old SunSpots ) down to the Sun’s Poles where at a depth of 200,000 kilometers the Sun’s magnetic dynamo recharges / regenerates these old magnetic knots until they become powerfully buoyant rising to the Sun’s surface where they reappear as new SunSpots.”

All this happens with massive slowness.

“It takes about 40-years for the Sun’s conveyor belt to complete just one [ 1 ] loop,” says Hathaway.

The speed varies “anywhere from a 50-year pace ( slow ) to a 30-year pace ( fast ).”

When the Sun’s conveyor belt turns “fast,” it means ‘alot of magnetic fields are being swept-up’, and that a ‘future SunSpot cycle’ is going to be ‘intense’. This is a basis for forecasting.

“The Sun’s conveyor belt was turning ‘fast’ in 1986 – 1996,” says Hathaway.

“Old magnetic fields swept-up then ( from 1986 thru 1996 ) should ‘re-appear as huge SunSpots’ in 2010 – 2011.”

Like most experts in the field, Hathaway has confidence in the Sun’s ‘conveyor belt model’, agreeing with Dikpati that the next Solar Maximum should be a doozy, but he disagrees on one [ 1 ] point:

Dikpati’s forecast puts Solar Maximum at 2012.

National Space Science & Technology Center ( NSSTC ) solar physicist David Hathaway believes it will arrive sooner, in 2010 or 2011.

“History shows that ‘big SunSpot cycles’ ramp-up faster, than small ones,” Hathaway says.

“I expect to see the first [ 1st ] SunSpots of the ‘next solar cycle’ [ Solar Minimum ] appear in late 2006 or 2007, and Solar Maximum to be underway by 2010 or ’2011′.”

Who’s right?

Time will tell. Either way, a storm is coming.

Reference

http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/10mar_stormwarning/

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Source: U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA )

National Situation Update: Monday, April 9, 2007 Homeland Security Threat Level: YELLOW ( ELEVATED ).

National Weather

… [ EDITED-OUT FOR BREVITY ] …

Global Positioning System Is Impacted By Solar Radio Burst

During an unprecedented solar eruption last December [ 2006 ], researchers at Cornell University confirmed solar radio bursts can have a serious impact on the Global Positioning System ( GPS ) and other communication technologies using radio waves. The findings were announced on April 4, 2007 in Washington, D.C., at the first Space Weather Enterprise forum – an assembly of academic, government and private sector scientists focused on examining the Earth’s ever-increasing vulnerability to space weather impacts. Solar radio bursts begin with a solar flare that injects high-energy electrons into the solar upper atmosphere. Radio waves are produced which then propagate to the Earth and cover a broad frequency range. The radio waves act as noise over these frequencies, including those used by GPS and other navigational systems which can degrade a signal.

The National Oceanic and Atmosphereic Administration ( NOAA ), National Aeronautic Space Agency ( NASA ), and partner agencies in the National Space Weather Program are looking to the future needs of our highly technical society, and are anticipating seamless specification and prediction of the atmosphere from the ground to the edges of the Earth magnetosphere and beyond to the Moon and Mars. The NOAA Space Environment Center is the nation’s ‘first alert of solar activity’.

Forecasters from the NOAA Space Environment Center in Boulder, Colorado, observed two [ 2 ] powerful solar flares on December 5, 2006 and December 6, 2006. These violent eruptions originated from a ‘large sunspot cluster’ identified by NOAA.

The December 6, 2006, solar flare created an unprecedented intense solar radio burst causing large numbers of receivers to stop tracking the GPS signal.

Using specially designed receivers – built at Cornell University – as sensitive space weather monitors, Cornell scientists were able to make the ‘first quantitative measurements of the effect’ of earlier solar radio bursts on GPS receivers. ‘Extrapolations from a previous moderate event led to the prediction that larger solar radio bursts – expected during Solar Maximum – would disturb GPS receiver operation for some users.

“In December, we found the effect on GPS receivers were ‘more profound and wide spread than we expected’,” said Paul M. Kintner Jr., Ph.D., professor of electrical and computer engineering at Cornell University.

“Now ‘we are concerned more severe consequences will occur during the next Solar Maximum’ ( approxmately 2011 ).”

“NASA wants to better understand this solar phenomenon ‘so we can limit the adverse impacts on real-time systems’,” said Tony Mannucci, Ph.D., principal technical staff and supervisor, Ionospheric and Atmospheric Remote Sensing [ IRAS ] Group at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory [ JPL ].

There are three [ 3 ] key points to remember about solar radio bursts:

“First, ‘society cannot become overly reliant on technology’ without an awareness and understanding of the effects of future space weather disruptions,” said Anthea Coster, Ph.D. of the MIT Haystack Observatory.

Second, the December 6, 2006 event dramatically shows the effect of ‘solar radio bursts is global and instantaneous’.

“Third, and equally important, ‘the size and timing of this burst were completely unexpected’ and ‘the largest ever detected’.

We do not know how often we can expect solar radio bursts ‘of this size or even larger’.” ( Excerpt from http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2007/s2831.htm )

Reference

http://www.fema.gov/emergency/reports/2007/nat040907.shtm

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So, in addition to other federal scientists and astrophysicists, we caught the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency ( FEMA ) in 2007 predicting “2011″ as being the year NASA says is something “we all need to be concerned about.”

During the entire month of March 2011, the fact of the matter is the ‘incredibly active’ solar cycle SunSpot activity ‘spiked vertically higher’ and far outside its ‘officially predicted bell-shaped graph’ thought it would follow, plus it ‘still has not stopped peaking’ for April 2011 ( see below ):

Helioseismology, studying the inner regions of the Sun, provides advanced predictions as to when and where on the Sun an outburst explosive solar flare is to erupt. Unfortunately, the data is ‘not provided to the public’.

A quick color video clip will serve to familiarize you with a very basic small part of what actually goes into mapping the Sun to provide classified Space Weather Prediction Report Alerts – more accurate than what many are ever told about today ( see below ):

Solar Maximum predictions for 2011 were bad enough, but then NASA THEMIS satellites discovered the Earth’s Magnetosphere began developing holes in it, which is officially documented by this short color video clip ( below ):

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Source:  SPACE WEATHER, Vol. 9, S04003, 12 PP., doi: 10.1029/2009 SW000537

A Tool For Empirical Forecasting Of Major Flares, Coronal Mass Ejections, And Solar Particle Events From A Proxy Of Active-Region Free Magnetic Energy

by, David Falconer – – Space Science Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center ( Huntsville, Alabama, USA ); – Physics Department, University of Alabama ( Huntsville, Alabama, USA ); and, – Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama ( Huntsville, Alabama, USA ).

by, Abdulnasser F. Barghouty – – Space Science Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center ( Huntsville, Alabama, USA ).

by, Igor Khazanov – – Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama ( Huntsville, Alabama, USA ).

by, Ron Moore – – Space Science Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center ( Huntsville, Alabama, USA ).

Published: April 7, 2011

This paper describes a ‘new forecasting tool developed’ for and ‘currently being tested’ by the NASA Space Radiation Analysis Group ( SRAG ) at Johnson Space Center, responsible for the monitoring and forecasting of radiation exposure levels of astronauts.

The new software tool is designed for the empirical forecasting of M-Class and X-class Solar Flares, Coronal Mass Ejections ( CME ), and Solar Energetic Particle Events ( SEPE ).

For ‘each type of event’, the algorithm is based on the empirical relationship between the ‘event rate’ and a ‘proxy of the active region Free Magnetic Energy ( FME ).

Each empirical relationship is determined from a ‘data set’ consisting of ∼40,000 ‘solar active-region magnetograms’ from ∼1300 ‘solar active regions observed’ by the Solar Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) spacecraft Michelson Doppler Imager ( MDI ) instrument possessing ‘known histories’ of Solar Flares, Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ), and Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) production.

The new tool automatically extracts ‘each strong-field magnetic area’, from an Michelson Doppler Imager ( MDI ) full-disk magnetogram, ‘identifies each’ as a National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration ( NOAA ) active region, and ‘measures the proxy of the active region Free Magnetic Energy ( FME )’ from the ‘extracted magnetogram’.

For each solar active region, the empirical relationship is then used to convert the Free Magnetic Energy ( FME ) proxy into an ‘expected event rate’. The ‘expected event rate’ in-turn can be ‘readily converted into the probability’ that ‘the active region will produce such an event’ in a given ( queried ) forward ( ‘future’ ) ‘time’ window.

Descriptions of the ‘data sets’, algorithm, software, sample applications, and validation test are presented.

Further ‘development and transition of the new tool’ – in anticipation of SDO HMI – are briefly discussed.

Citation: Falconer, D., A. F. Barghouty, I. Khazanov, and R. Moore ( 2011 ), A tool for empirical forecasting of ‘major flares’, ‘coronal mass ejections’, and ‘solar particle events’ from a proxy of active region free magnetic energy, Space Weather, 9, S04003, doi:10.1029/2009SW000537.

Received: October 23, 2009. Accepted: January 27, 2011.

Reference

http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2011/2009SW000537.shtml

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5th Factor –

Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) effects, significantly impacting the way people now live on Earth will come from only one ( 1 ) ’sunspot’ eruption of a ’solar flare’ that ‘must contain at-least’ the following four ( 4 ) factors ( below ):

1. Greater ‘amount’ of ‘particles’ ( visible and invisible Matter and AntiMatter ) ‘erupting from under the surface of the Sun’;

2. Greater ‘excitation’ of elements ( High Field Strength Elements / HFSE ) ‘combining elements’ from ‘inside’ the Sun with those leaving ’outside’ nthe Sun ) become even more highly energetic ( energized ) upon leaving the Sun;

3. Greater ‘speed’ / ’distance’ moving large Mass of particles containing highly excited ( HFSE ) elements; and,

4. Earth-Directed.

5th factor SEPE is rarely discussed in public because it makes such an Earth Event ‘even worse’ ( than it was in 1864 ) because information provided through NOAA, NASA and astrophysicists around the world indicate, the Earth’s protective solar shield, known as the Magnetosphere, has developed “holes” in it.

Well understood by U.S. government Global Environmental Intelligence ( GEI ) specialists and with NASA indicating that the current Solar Maximum period ( Cycle 24 ) is something, “we all need to be concerned about,” what will it take for people to want to understand how to prepare to survive the effects of a Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE )?

ESA Solar Activity Data Plotting

Do ‘you’ think anything is funny about something that could jeopardize ‘your life’ or the ‘life of any of your family members, loved ones or close friends’?

Before concluding this knowledgeability brief, based on what NASA says “we all need to be concerned about” ), this news broadcast video clip ( below ) shows how news personalities present the public with information on this subjectny acting whimsical, asking silly questions, laughing and joking around on this subject so, after watching this you should seriously ask yourself how the public could accept this information as being something serious they “all need to be concerned about?”

[ CARV NOTE: video clip – previously inserted ( here ) – has mysteriously disappeared off this KB. ]

For up-to-date official video and text information broadcasts and forecasts, click the research reference links provided in this knowledgeability brief ( below ).

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Paul Collin, Host

E-MAIL: KentronIntellectResearchVault@GMAIL.Com

CARV WWW [ NOTE: To attempt to review the now archived ‘official webpages’ providing the ‘former in-depth research References’, formerly contained within the ‘originally published report’, please click this link —> ]: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

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REFERENCES [ NOTE: some links ( below ) may no longer be reviewable so, refer to the former Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ) WWW link ( above ) ] –

http://www.lmsal.com/forecast

http://sdowww.lmsal.com/suntoday

http://stereo.nascom.nasa.gov/beacon/beacon_secchi.shtml

http://www.lmsal.com/hek/her

http://www.lmsal.com/isolsearch

http://lmsal.com/hek/her?cmd=home

http://lmsal.com/hek/her?cmd=view-ratings

http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov

http://jsoc.stanford.edu

http://hmi.stanford.edu

http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2009/21jan_severespaceweather

http://stereo.nascom.nasa.gov/where.shtml

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/stereo/index.html

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/tiger/index.html

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/tiger/Meped.html

http://soma.larc.nasa.gov

http://lws.larc.nasa.gov/solarprobe/PDF_FILES/10-208_B_Solar_Probe_Plus.pdf

http://www.ivoa.net/Documents/PR/VOE/VOEvent-20060810.html

http://www.springerlink.com/content/25mv11225702v520/fulltext.pdf

http://www.fema.gov/rebuild/recover/place.shtm

http://www.dhs.gov/files/prepresprecovery.shtm

http://www.disasterassistance.gov/disasterinformation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Attack_Command_and_Control_System

http://conceptactivityresearchvault.wordpress.com/2011/03/17/earth-events-forecast

http://conceptactivityresearchvault.wordpress.com/2011/03/28/global-environmental-intelligence-gei

http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=157&page=1

https://login.afwa.af.mil/register/

https://login.afwa.af.mil/amserver/UI/Login?goto=https%3A%2F%2Fweather.afwa.af.mil%3A443%2FHOST_HOME%2FDNXM%2FWRF%2Findex.html

http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/library/news/2011/space-110225-afns01.htm

http://www.wrf-model.org/plots/wrfrealtime.php

http://conceptactivityresearchvault.wordpress.com/2011/03/17/solar-maximum-sepe-effects

Fireball Special Projects Program

Fireball Objects

Fireball Special Projects Program
by, Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV )

August 16, 2011 12:30:08 ( PST ) Updated ( Published: April 11, 2011 )

CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles – August 16, 2011 – When a brilliant object appears twinkles while hanging motionless like a star against a darkened sky, but is ‘not a star’, what is it?

Between 2010 and 2011, residents throughout South Bay cities surrounding Los Angeles in southern California have been trying to figure out what keeps appears to them like an early dark morning star, but is not.

What’s odd about this object’s brilliance is that this ‘bright white light shines from the opposite side of the object facing the horizon where the early morning Sun rises later in the day. The only way the Sun could illuminate the object would be that the object would either have to be ‘transparent’ or equipped with the new advanced military defense ‘light reflection projection technology’ ( LRP ) also known as “Advanced Stealth.”

Does this mysterious hovering object belong to the U.S. Department of Defense ( DOD ) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ), U.S. Navy ( USN ), U.S. Air Force ( USAF ), U.S. Navy National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO ), or is it an Unidentified Flying Object ( UFO )?

In early January 2011 an early rising resident of Carson, California assumed the ‘flickering starlight’ he saw against the pitch black sky of early morning was simply a passenger airline with runway lights on its approach to Los Angeles International Airport not far away, but a Torrance, California resident claimed he had been outside sipping on a coffee for almost 2-hours and the starlight object had ‘not moved’ from its position in the darkened sky so, he believed the starlight object was just a ‘star’ and that it would disappear when the Sun rose. Both residents were wrong because as the Sun rose the brilliant starlight remained where it had been positioned in the darkened sky for hours.

One businessman, stepping from his car in a West Carson, California McDonald’s fast food parking lot walked over to see what everyone was looking up at ( the starlight object ) in the early morning darkened sky, and overheard amongst a small crowd of people one woman say, “Maybe it’s a UFO!”

Smiling as though he would settle the dispute he asked, “Don’t you people ever read the newspaper around here? That’s just the U.S. Department of Defense ‘Unmanned Aerial Vehicle’ ( UAV ) assigned to keep watch over the Port of Los Angeles from terrorist attacks.”

A homeless man, sitting nearby drinking his cup of coffee, looked at the businessman and asked, “Does that ‘look’ like any UAV or balloon you ever saw before? The businessman shook his head in a negative reply, whereupon the homeless man further enquired, “Then ‘why’ hasn’t that object moved in the sky for over 2-hours now?”

The businessman, saying nothing further in reply, turned away and went inside to get his early morning McDonald’s breakfast.

Although few bother looking up around at darkened skies, or for that matter after daybreak, there are now more people – especially in southern California – beginning to look up and study what’s hovering overhead them. Are residents expecting to see something new or becoming paranoid after watching so many television news broadcasts about the rash of UFO sightings and lights all over the world?

One man pulled-up in a minivan with Virginia license plates for his early morning breakfast, but also strolled over to where the commotion was going on at whereupon after observing it for about a minute smiled and said, “Heck, we got one of those over in Charlottesville. Shows up like clockwork, every night, ’round 8:00 p.m.,” and then walked away toward his breakfast shaking his head while mumbling, “Durn government spooks – spyin’ on us everywhere!”

As the Virginian left with his McDonald’s bagged breakfast in-hand, he stopped at the table outside to share some of his first-hand experiences with ‘fireballs’ and other ‘strange lights’ in the sky – some that look like ‘aircraft landing lights’ twinkling off in the ‘low horizon distance’ and similar lights appearing like ‘real bright stars’ that suddenly disappear a short time later.

He reported that whatever this mysterious Virginia sighting really ‘was’, there was no public information detailing its ‘flight path trajectory’ or where it landed – and it ‘did land’! In fact, it exploded, according to our Green County Record newspaper in Stanardsville, Virginia spoke to an eyewitness named Judy Kilgus who gave her own experience about what happened just outside a farm neighborhood 7-Eleven convenience store.

Further research, into the Virginian’s story, found the following details:

The 7-Eleven ( store number 21482 ) was located at 1199 29th Infantry Division Memorial Highway ( also known as ) U.S. Route 29 ( also known as ) North Seminole Trail in Madison, Virginia 22727-0024 where Judy Kilgus additionally experienced strange pungent aromatics she identified as an “eerie odor” lingering in the night air after the unidentified flying object ( UFO ) – resembling a “fireball” – crash landed. ( See Newspaper Report – Immediately Below )

 

– –

Source: GREENE COUNTY RECORD – a Medial General newspaper – ( Stanardsville, Virginia, USA )

Experts Offer Guesses On Mysterious Fire Ball Sighting
by, April Taylor – Greene County Record Reporter

April 2, 2009

VIRGINIA, Stanardsville – April 2, 2009 – Judy Kilgus of Stanardsville was driving on [ Virginia, U.S. ] Route 522 [ Sperryville Pike ] near Culpeper [ Virginia ] Sunday [ March 29, 2009 ] night when she saw what she says looked like a burning ball of fire falling from the sky.

“It was me, my mother and one of my brothers, and we were on our way back from Salem [ Virginia ],” Kilgus recalled. She said they were about 3-miles out of Culpeper ( Virginia ] when the “ball” came shooting across ( the sky ).

“At first it gave the appearance of a shooting ‘star’,  and then it was just huge,” she said continuing, This was not like some little light. The colors were brilliant and it was ‘flickering’. It was falling and looked as if it was burning like a ball of fire – reddish with the hint of a green tint.  It was frightening.”

Kilgus said that once the mysterious thing fell, “There was a big light, like an explosion. I said to my mom, ‘Oh, my gosh, it hit something’. I had never seen anything like it. It was traveling very fast.”

Kilgus said she stopped at the 7-Eleven in Madison [ Virginia ], about 15-miles or-so from where she saw the object, and then noticed an “eerie” odor when she got out of her car. She says she’s not sure if the smell is related to what she saw earlier.

Regardless, Kilgus is ‘not the only one who witnessed’ a strange “ball of fire” and big boom that night.

Reports of a “bright light,” and in some places an ‘explosion like sound’, poured into law enforcement offices across eastern Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina on Sunday night [ March 29, 2009 ].

“The phone is ringing off the hook,“ said meteorologist Sonia Mark at the U.S. National Weather Service ( NWS ) Wakefield station.

All of the reports dealt with incidents that occurred ‘about’ 9:45 p.m.

Several calls came to Richmond International Airport, but [ airport ] tower personnel did not see anything unusual related to aircraft, airport spokesman Troy Bell said.

It could have been caused by a ‘meteor’, or even a falling part from a Russia ‘spacecraft’, experts said earlier this week.

“I know it’s one of the two,” said Geoff Chester, an astronomer and public relations officer with the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. “I just can’t tell you definitively’ which one it actually was.” Geoff Chester suggested that a falling Russian booster rocket caused the hub-bub. The booster – a steel cylinder about 25-feet long and 8-feet wide – was part of the Soyuz spacecraft launched Thursday on a mission to the International Space Station [ ISS / MIR ]. The booster was expected to fall toward Earth on a path headed ‘East’ that would have taken it across the Chesapeake Bay [ eastern-most eastcoast ] region Sunday night, Chester said. The booster would have burned in the friction of Earth’s atmosphere and, as it slowed below the speed of sound, it would have released energy that caused a sonic boom, Chester said. “My feeling is this is what people actually saw,” Chester said.

Stefan Bocchino, a spokesman for the U.S. Joint Space Operations Center [ JSOC ] at Vandenberg Air Force Base [ VAFB ] in California, said experts there [ in California ] do ‘not think the light was caused by a manmade object’.

Joint Space Operations Center tracks manmade objects that enter the atmosphere.

U.S. National Weather Service ( NWS ) has ‘ruled out any weather related cause’.

Other experts said the ‘light’ and ‘boom’ sound like the work of a meteor.

Meteors are bits of space rock or gravel that burn and create light when they hit the atmosphere.

“Some very bright ones are known to explode,” creating a sound, said Phillip Ianna, a professor emeritus of astronomy at the University of Virginia.

Meteors typically burn up in the atmosphere. Much ‘less often’, a small piece of the rock will hit Earth.

Steve Chesley, an astronomer with NASA [ National Aeronautics and Space Administration ] said the Sunday [ March 29, 2009 ] phenomena could be the work of a meteor the size of a ‘television set’ or ‘small car’. “These kinds of things hit the [ atmosphere ] once a month,” Chesley said. They usually fall over water or less populated areas and attract less attention. NASA doesn’t track such small objects, Chesley said, and focuses instead on big ones – ‘space rocks half the length of a football field or more’ – that are headed toward Earth. “It’s the big ones we’re worried about, and we need to find them decades in advance,” Chesley said.

The object on Sunday [ March 29, 2009 ] had to be ‘unusually bright’ to be ‘seen in urban areas’ where ‘artificial lights drown out’ most celestial objects, said David Hagan, a staff scientist with the Science Museum of Virginia.

At Record [ Greene County Record ] press time, on Tuesday, ‘experts were still offering various guesses’ as to ‘what the occurrence could have been’.

“One thing’s for sure,” says Kilgus, “It’s something I won’t soon forget. I was glad I saw ‘whatever it was’, but I kind-of ‘wonder what in the world is going on’,” she said. “I thought maybe it was a meteor, but whatever it was, it was ‘strange’.”

Article Reference:

http://www.greene-news.com/gcn/news/local/article/experts_offer_guesses_on_mysterious_fire_ball_sighting/38145/

– – – –

Now, the State of Virginia is infamous for its street and highway names – changing names – within a few miles of each other, making instant headaches for any outsider trying to provide location directions so, as close as can be determined – extrapolated from the newspaper description of the eyewitness ( Judy Kilgus ) account – Google Maps provides a “car” route that coincides with eyewitness Judy Kilgus’ claim she was “3-miles” outside “Culpepper, Virginia” on “Route 522″ ( also known as ) “Sperryville Pike” in “Salem, Virginia.” Interestingly, outsiders would ‘not know’ there are actually ‘two ( 2 ) towns’ named “Salem” in Virginia!

The particular town of “Salem, Virginia” the eyewitness ( Judy Kilgus ) mentions near “Culpepper, Virginia” and ‘that’ “Salem, Virginia” is ‘not easy to locate online’ at Google Maps.

After some ‘prodding’, Google Maps will eventually map ‘from’ “13300 Hunts Shade Drive, Salem, VA” providing its most direct route that quickly exits ( just outside Salem, Virginia ) off “U.S. Route 522″ ( also known as ) “Sperryville Pike” but turns onto “Norman Road” ( also known as ) “Hudson Mill Road” ( also known as ) “Reva Road” that leads to ‘yet another alias highway name’ for “U.S. Route 29″ – an address at 1199 on “29th Infantry Division Memorial Highway” in Madison, VA 22727 ( the 7-Eleven store ) where eyewitness Judy Kilgus claimed detecting a suspicious “eerie odor” outside that particular “7-Eleven” store ( Madison, Virginia ) on “U.S. Route 29.”

That aforementioned description explains why it’s no surprise as to ‘why’ or ‘how’ so many State of Virginia unidentified flying object ( UFO ) flightpath reports can so easily hide ‘landing site locations’ from much of the public observing them there.

The Green County Record newspaper account from eyewitness Judy Kilgus does not ‘detail the location’ ( e.g. NorthEast to SouthWest, etc. ) of where she was at 9:44 p.m. during the UFO fireball sighting.

Was Kilgus already traveling from Salem, Virginia – going through Madison, Virginia ( 16-miles from Salem, Virginia ) – enroute to her home ( Stanardsville, Virginia )?

Did she sight, on Sunday March 29, 2009 at 9:44 p.m., the UFO fireball ‘while she was still in Salem, Virginia’?

Did her sighting, ‘prompt her to leave’ Salem, Virginia earlier than she had planned, which placed her driving in a direction of her ‘home’ ( Stanardsville, Virginia )? If so, did the UFO sighting crash in the direction of where she resided ( Stanardsville, Virginia )?

Without a UFO ‘flightpath trajectory’ provided ( e.g. NorthEast to SouthWest, etc. ) information about this UFO fireball sighting, then perhaps only U.S. Fish & Game or U.S. Forest Service government officials located the UFO fireball landing / crash site. If so, it has undoubtedly been covered-up by now.

Was the March 29, 2009 9:44 p.m. central Virginia UFO fireball sighting really only just a “meteor” that ‘U.S. Space Command ( SPACOM ) government experts claim they were ‘unable to track’? What if it was some king of a rocket or missile launched from another location within the United States?

Could the sighting have been one of many U.S. Air Force Special Programs project spacecraft undergoing ‘classified flight tests’ for the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) that is conducted primarily by the U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO )?

Were Virginians used as an unsuspecting audience for part of the test flight for the new U.S. Department Of Defense ( DoD ), U.S. Navy, National Reconnaissance Office ( NRO ) new ‘stealth starlight surveillance dirigible’ – a lighter-than-air vessel believed designed from the 1990 patented Aereon lighter than airship [ similar in design to that of the NASA VentureStar, X-31 and X-33 spaceplanes  [ Image References: http://unwantedpublicity.media.officelive.com/Gallery.aspx ] – that may emit what is tantamount to ‘artificially produced starlight’; flickering akin to ‘aircraft landing lights’ on an aircraft the public would only suspect appears about ready to land but doesn’t?

May even more mysteries continue hiding amidst ‘seemingly peaceful night skies’ where reconnaissance and other spacecraft are now capable of being missioned to commence activation of ‘classified artificial landing strategies’ cleverly resembling a ‘fireball meteor flight’ – complete with a firework flares jettisoned to additionally resemble ‘meteor crash explosions’ too?

Research into conflicting news report information suggests that one ( 1 ) UFO fireball incident may have actually been confused with another UFO fireball on the same date and around the same time of night, a ‘dual event’ in Virginia.

One ( 1 ) eyewitness report – in the central Virginia geographic region – may have been mixed with ‘another press report’ using its central Virginia eyewitness interview in-conjunction with another news wire service report.

Simultaneous report sightings along the eastern seaboard of the United States from up and down the Atlantic Ocean coastline as far south North Carolina ( far northeast ), Virginia ( far east ) and Maryland ( far east ) in the region of the Chesapeake Bay as being the ‘same’ as what was seen in Madison, Virginia as reported by the Stanardsville, Virginia newspaper?

A few miles south of eyewitness Judy Kilgus UFO sighting near the 7-Eleven store ( Madison, Virginia ), also on “U.S. Route 29″ ( also known as ) “South Seminole Trail” at the east corner where 2055 Boulders Road ( Albemarle County ) sees the U.S. National Ground Intelligence Center ( NGIC ).

Adjacent to NGIC ( National Ground Intelligence Center ) is a new construction site for the new U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency ( DIA ) complex buildings as well.

Just a few miles further south – again on “South Seminole Trail” ( Virginia U.S. Route 29 ) – is the NORTHRUP-GRUMMAN Sperry Marine Division where a classified secret-sensitive multi-story windowless bricked-up test site building is perched behind an innocent looking single-story red brick office building – also on “South Seminole Trail” (aka) “U.S. Route 29″ (aka) “Emmett Road” where all these spooky government offices are popping up all around Charlottesville, Virginia.

 

A few miles further north on the west side of “South Seminole Trail” ( Virginia U.S. Route 29 ) – is the old single story red brick face building that the other three ( 3 ) sides are painted white complete with pyramid shaped surveillance cameras mounted high-up on the building, and while it only ‘appears vacant’ is a honeycombed-out floor-plan inside, shared by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency annex with the DIEBOLD CORPORATION, but you’d never know it to drive by the facility or drive up onto the terraced hill it sits atop and drive around the building either because you’ll only see a few vehicles outside where everyone enters through the north facing single glass door where everything appears just normal. Again, just a few miles north of this facility is the U.S. National Ground Intelligence Center ( NGIC ) buildings on the east side of Seminole Trail ( Virginia State Highway 29 ) about 95-miles southwest of Washington, D.C.

In any event, loud noise explosions – especially when they are conducted over U.S. population areas – should have provided the public with more concrete information, especially what it hit during its crash landing.
Submitted for review and commentary by,

Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ), Host
E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com
WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

References

http://www.space.com/news/090330-rocket-debris.html
http://www.space.com/news/090331-likely-meteor.html
http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,511857,00.html
http://unwantedpublicity.media.officelive.com/Gallery.aspx

/

/

 

NASA UFO Alien Encounters

[ PHOTO ( above ): NASA Space Shuttle STS 115 official mission photo of a an “ExtraTerrestrial BioSynthetic Entity” ( EBSE ), a mobius waveform propulsion system spaceborn infant that is also known by what others refer to as part of a “Space Serpent” that a NASA astronaut refers to as an “eel” ( click to enlarge ) ]

NASA UFO Alien Encounters
by, Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV )

December 1, 2011 14:22:08 (PST) Updated ( Originally Published: January 27, 2011 )

CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles – December 1, 2011 – NASA? We may ‘all’ have a problem! Over the past several decades multiple space flight missions from the United States and Russia have officially documented strange encounters occuring in outer space with astronauts.

Not just ‘unidentified flying objects’ ( UFO ), but other unreferenceable object encounters such as serpent like entities that appear to be biosynthetic lifeforms, plus other spaceborne phenomena that astronauts referred to as being their ”visitors.”

While all this initially sounds totally unbelievable, official audio and video film clip transmissions ( see below ) between space missioning astronauts and their mission ground control central proving NASA UFO Alien Encounters are officially very real.

Several prominent United States astronauts have now gone on public record revealing their personal experiences with official U.S. government encounters surrounding nonreferenceable objects and entities ( UFOs & Aliens ):

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkOCwATi3tw

Introduction

The following additional ’official video clips and audio broadcasts’ ( below ) will reveal some amazing things for you if  these two ( 2 ) ’basic principles’ are remembered while viewing them:

1.  Meteorites ‘do not suddenly change direction’ and ‘do not make left-hand turns, right-hand turns or U turns’ like a ’piloted spacecraft’; and,

2. Debris in outer space, known as ‘space junk’ ( e.g. pieces of rocket boosters, expended satellites, etc. ), does not exit the Earth’s gravitational pull ( that extends – at a much lesser strength – into outerspace ) nor does it at high rates of speed’ either, but will either ‘float around in outer space’ and/or ‘return ( in a ‘decaying orbit’ ) to Earth’s atmosphere where it may either burn-up or fall to the surface of the Earth.

A few of the documentary motion picture film clips ( below ) are in ’full color’, ’black and white’, or ’tinted green’ screen resolutions – many of which are comprised of ’time-elapsed monitoring film sped-up’ so, ‘objects being monitored may not be moving as fast as they appear’, however ’other films may have objects moving in real speed ( e.g. ‘slow docking arms and astronaut manuevers’ or ‘fast electronic movements’ of ’camera lens housings’ that ‘spin around quickly’ to ‘catch a view of other objects moving in any direction at any time’ ).

Nevertheless, always keep in-mind the two ( 2 ) ‘outerspace principles’ that only ‘spacecraft make course corrections’ – turning and going in different directions – ‘not meteorites, comets, asteroids or space debris’.

Now, please enjoy watching ‘these specific four ( 4 ) videos’ ( below ) especially selected after careful analysis from ou-of ’hundreds of others found with flaws’:

By 1971, a NASA Apollo 14 rocket carried a Lunar Excursion Module ( LEM ) camera providing the following photo ( below ):

[ PHOTO ( above ): official NASA LEM camera photo of moon in background with UFO lights in right foreground ( click to enlarge ) ]

In the above photo, was there a ‘piece of lighted extermal equipment’ outside the NASA spacecraft? No. Was there any ‘distortion in the camera lense or reflection’? No.

In 1967, four ( 4 ) years before the aforementioned 1971 LEM launch, PACIFIC OPTICAL ( El Segundo, California ) generated thousands of LEM camera rose quartz glass lenses polished to perfection and tested for ‘any possible distortion factors’ using special ‘lightwave measurement instruments’ set according to ’government standards for approval’ long before being installed within those cameras used aboard the LEM, within an incredible number of NASA space rocket missions, and U.S. Air Force National Reconnaisance Office ( NRO ) missions. How are those facts known? I personally know those particular camera lenses ’do not capture any destortion whatsoever from glare or image reflections’ because I ‘personally worked on those lenses’, knew what they consisted of, as well as their unique characteristics also used in weaponized missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles.

As far back as 1966, when I was still attending high school, I also worked the graveyard shift at the McDonnel Douglas Space Systems Center ( now BOEING ) where within a special area then-known as “The Quad” a famous defecting Russian astrophysicist secretly worked for the U.S. government on the Mercury mission space capsules. Yes, and there were two ( 2 ) such capsules! Not much comes as much of a mystery to me, especially after four ( 4 ) decades of researching intelligence for the U.S. government.

The aforementioned films and broadcats document previously unknown ’new hazards surfacing in space’, believed one of the primary reasons why ‘all NASA spacecraft insurance policy coverage was cancelled’ as NASA lost its direct U.S. government funding when it became apparent to the U.S. government intelligence directorate ( CIA Science and Technology Division ) need of private-sector corporate market bids on future space mission contracts – swinging the axe into the heart of the NASA empire given its final ”tally-ho.”

That decision made perfect economic sense to the U.S. government because now its ‘secret private-sector enterprise takes on far more financial risk than it does just space mission challenges’ where shareholder investment returns will consequently realize less profit from having to absorb the costs associated with higher insurance policy coverages directly related to ‘new risk management assessments’ ( see official films and broadcasts above ) where insurance company policy directive issuances placed on ‘future mission spacecraft’ see more financial burden placed onto thebacks of ’investors’ while essening ever-growing financial burdens on U.S. Department of the Treasury foreign debt repayment plans the Federal Reserve Board decided NASA was just costing too much money and something had to be done about getting rid of the NASA burden without jeopardizing U.S. global space superiority. What began during 1985 as an intelligence mission to bury secret technology effortings within closely guarded private-sector enterprises satisfies corporate promises of long ago.

It’s simply a case of one hand washing another at the expense of the people, is all, where a new space tax that may have been pulled from tomorrow shelf concepts of George Orwell for those living in futuristic societies. Unfortunately, such activity already broke plenty of pencil point lead in private-sector workshop sessions at FANX III ( Ft. George G. Meade, Maryland ) in 1998 supporting private sector funded public insurance investment programs as yet another economic means by which U.S. Social Security Administration insurance may likely receive its axe because of the ever-looming baby boomer debt crisis the U.S. government faces dead ahead as next on its big aggenda. NASA was likely but a precursor government primer for what’s in-store next for the ‘little people’. Up, up and away, that beautiful balloon – that not so beautiful balloon anymore.

 

Submitted for review and commentary by,

 

Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ), Host
E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com
WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

 

Satellites Critical Data Problems

Satellites Critical Data Problems

 

Satellites Critical Data Problems by, Concept Activity Research Vault [ ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com ]

April 10, 2012 22:42:08 ( PST ) Updated ( Originally Published: May 18, 2011 )

CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles – April 10, 2012 – In 1997, NASA could provide Earth with “space weather” ( also known as ) “solar wind” (aka) “solar flare” disturbances ‘early warning’ of between 15-minutes to 45-minutes from the Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) spacecraft satellite probe that detects inbound solar geomagnetic storm streams of highly excited and disorderly flowing ‘electron particles’ ( invisible to the naked eye ), the effects thereof wreak havoc on national electricity grid system transformers and satellites that both burn-out if they are not ‘shutdown’ beforehand because they both become overly loaded from what are called ‘significant’ Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) effects above Earth, on the ground, and underwater.

The environments of near-Earth space and the upper atmosphere pose unique challenges for the design and deployment of satellite systems. Highly energetic solar Coronal Mass Ejections ( CME ) from the Sun can penetrate spacecraft disrupting critical electronic systems and interfere with or damage electronic switches and memory devices onboard satellites. Large electrostatic charge potentials can build up on the surface of spacecraft and suddenly discharge, damaging or destroying sensitive electronic instruments.

The Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) spacecraft satellite probe onboard sensing camera detectors, however rely on the ‘orderly flow of electrons’ for it to function properly in sending signals back to Earth station receivers, but amidst a Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) from an ‘extremely fast’ Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) solar flare, the highly excited electrons from the Sun will cause ACE and other satellite monitors to experience electrical power outages that could take NASA longer than 15-minutes to determine ‘why’ the ACE spacecraft went out. Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) was only built to withstand the effects from ‘average solar flare’, not a ‘significant solar flare’. NASA knows ACE 13-year old sensors will ‘cease to function before a significant solar flare even passes ACE in space’. NASA Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) sensing detectors are now 13-years old, not as sensitive as newer technology detectors today, plus ACE has exceeded its NASA calculated life expectance.

– –

Source: Source: National Aeronautic and Space Administration ( NASA ) National Space Science Data Center ( NSSDC )

The objective of the Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) is to collect observations of particles of solar [ Sun ], interplanetary, interstellar, and galactic origins, spanning the energy range from that of KeV solar wind ions to galactic cosmic ray nuclei up to 600 MeV/nucleon.

Definitive studies will be made of the abundances of essentially all isotopes from H to Zn ( Z = 1-30 ), with exploratory isotope studies extending to Zr ( Z = 40 ).

ACE payload includes six [ 6 ] high resolution spectrometers, each designed to provide the optimum charge, mass, or charge-state resolution in its particular energy range.

Each spectrometer has a geometry factor optimized for expected flux levels, so as to provide a collecting power greater by a factor of 10 times to 1000 times that of previous or planned experiments.

The payload also includes three [ 3 ] additional instruments of standard design to monitor ‘energetic electrons’, H and He ions, and a magnetometer.

ACE spacecraft is based on the design of the Charge Composition Explorer [ CCE ], built at JHU/APL for the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorer ( AMPTE ) program.

The spacecraft ( ACE ) spin-axis is pointed towards the Sun ( to within +/- 20 degrees ), and it [ ACE ] occupies a halo orbit about the L1 Earth-Sun libration point.

Powered by solar cells, the spacecraft [ ACE ] has a design life of ‘at least 5-years’, and it returns data in daily tape recorder dumps, received through the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) Deep Space Network and initially processed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ).

The average data telemetry rate is 6.7 Kbs.

Reference

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1997-045A

– –

National Security Electricity Infrastructure Concerns

While the ‘official report’ ( above ) states, “… the spacecraft [ ACE ] has a ‘design life’ of at least 5-years …,” a ‘national security concern’ in yet another ’official report’ ( see below ) states, the “… Advanced Composition Explorer …” ( ACE ) “… exceeded …” its “… 2-year ‘design life’ …”

How long ’really’ was the ”design life” of the Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) spacecraft satellite probe that to-date ( 2011 ) was still operating.

Do U.S. government federal agencies ‘really mean’ what they ’officially state’, or when it comes toU.S. federal budget justification ‘needs’ does mentioning a ‘national security concern’ reveal credibility gaps between one ‘official statement’ and another ‘official statement’?

Inconsistencies in ‘official statements’ directed to U.S. federal government elected officials within the U.S. Congress – as well as what the public – is told to believe according to U.S. government ‘official statements’, such as this ( above and below ), demonstrateshow U.S. ’official statements’ can so easily mislead a nation and its people unable to recall earlier official statements from newer official statements they hear during current time periods.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) National Environmental Satellite Service ( NESS ) budget justification report for Fiscal Year 2012 ( FY 2012 ) indicates a ‘serious national security concern’ specifically mentioning ‘critical data’ the United States receives from the NASA Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) spacecraft satellite probe ( below ):

– –

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA )

Fiscal Year 2012

National Environmental Satellite Service ( NESS )

… [ EDITED-OUT FOR BREVITY ] …

Early warning of major weather events saves countless lives and prevents substantial property damage. Billions of dollars in damage and hundreds of lives are lost each year due to natural disasters. These losses would be significantly worse if NOAA satellite data and services were unavailable due to interference with, or the failure of, critical satellite command and data acquisition infrastructure.

… [ EDITED-OUT FOR BREVITY ] …

The NOAA Satellite Command and Control program forms the backbone of the ground systems that command, control, and acquire data from NOAA satellites on orbit 24-hours per day, 365-days per year.

… [ EDITED-OUT FOR BREVITY ] …

Satellite Operations Control Center ( SOCC ) / Command and Data Acquisition ( CDA ) Facilities command and control both the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) and non-NOAA environmental satellites … and pass these data to other National Environmental Satellite Service ( NESS ) offices, primarily the Office of Satellite Data Processing & Distribution ( OSDPD ). The SOCC/CDA provides the vital link between the satellites and every data user.

… [ EDITED-OUT FOR BREVITY ] …

Statement of Need and Economic Benefits:

… [ EDITED-OUT FOR BREVITY ] …

“Currently, the only data source for geomagnetic storm warnings ( providing 15-minute to 45-minute lead times for impending space weather storms ) is the NASA Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ) satellite, which is operating 12-years past its design life. The geomagnetic storm forecasts, which provide 1-day to 4-day warnings of impending space weather storms, use Coronal Mass Ejection [ CME ] imagery received now from NASA / ESA SOHO and NASA STEREO satellites. Launched in 1995, 1997 and 2006, all of these satellites have exceeded their 2-year design life.

Without immediate action, NOAA wll lose two [ 2 ] of its most critical space weather observation data sources when the NASA ACE and the NASA / ESA SOHO satellites fail.

Low reliability of the satellites and sensors and the high risk of unavailability of the data pose one [ 1 ] of the ‘most serious gaps’ for NOAA space weather services.

… [ EDITED-OUT FOR BREVITY ] …

In 2005, NOAA issued a press release informing its geomagnetic storm warning customers that the alert might be discontinued at any time due to the current data source of solar wind, the ACE satellite, being years beyond its design life. Customers were invited to respond to NOAA documenting the impact of the loss of the warning on them. Their responses were summarized in a report “Evaluation of Public Response to the Termination of Solar Wind Data”, October 2006.

Members of the ‘electrical power industry’, which is vulnerable to ‘geomagnetic storm induced blackouts and transformer damage’, have ‘repeatedly corresponded’ with the Department of Commerce, White House, and U.S. Congress regarding their concerns for the ‘risk posed by the potential loss in geomagnetic storm forecasting data’.”

… [ EDITED-OUT FOR BREVITY ] …

Reference

http://www.corporateservices.noaa.gov/~nbo/fy12_presidents_budget/Climate_Service_FY12.pdf http://www.corporateservices.noaa.gov/nbo/fy12_budget_highlights/NESS_FY12_One_pager.pdf http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/hearings/NOAA%20EPA%20FY12%20Budget%20Hearing%20Charter%20FINAL.pdf

– –

Upon a ‘significant’ Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ), predicted by NASA to occur sometime between 2010 and 2013, the NASA ACE spacecraft – and others – will become overloaded and burn-out from solar electron particle disruption and shut down in space ‘before a significant solar flare even passes its sensors’. No time soon could a replacement, for the NASA Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ), launch another into space.

There is no intelligence in relying on ACE because in addition to all of the aforementioned, ACE is positioned 92,000,000 million miles away from the Sun and only 900,000 miles away from Earth making it about 93,000,000 million miles away from the Sun, meaning that within only a few seconds after a ‘significant solar flare’ passes ACE detection sensors – a large geomagnetic storm will have already shutdown other satelllites, hit Earth and wiped-out national electricity infrastructure grids to many people.

Other solar observation satellites, such as Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) only provides ‘some warning’, but with ‘far less detailed information’ than the NASA Advanced Composition explorer ( ACE ).

In the wake of the recent NASA ‘predicted’ ( depending on ‘which NASA report’ one reviews ) Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) coming to Earth sometime between 2011 and 2013.

After reading the following, you will see the conflicting bafoonery of reports issued by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) and U.S. National Weather Service ( NWS ) to the public ( below ) when between May 17, 2011 and May 18, 2011 they are told everything remains calm, but then the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) reports to the public that the ACE spacecraft satellite probe has been disrupted as have other satellites. Why?

Well, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) and U.S. National Weather Service ( NWS ) reports to the public that the reason why they are ‘not posting’ “critical data” publicly anymore is because, of the:

1. Japan tsunami on March 11, 2011; and,

2. ACE satellite and other spacecraft disruptions.

What does a March 11, 2011 Japan tsunami have anything to do with spacecraft outages and NOAA SWPC NWS failure to report “solar flare” data on their website anymore?

Has a ‘significant’ solar Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) from the Sun occured recently? The image ( above ) plus the data ( near the bottom of this report ) would be considered “Space Weather,” however National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) ‘official reports’ of May 16, 2011 thru May 18, 2011 ( see further below ) indicate something entirely contrary with, the following ( below ):

1. “No space weather storms were observed for the ‘past’ 24-hours;” and,

2. “No space weather storms are predicted for the ‘next’ 24-hours.”

The ‘official reports’ ( see further below ) indicate only solar flare “A-index” but on the ‘same day’ a “K-index” was ‘officially reported’ when ACE and the other satellites and NOAA quit providing “critical data” – blaming the lack of public information on a March 11, 2011 Japan tsunami occurring months before now ( May 18, 2011 ).

– –

 

May 16, 2011 thru May 17, 2011 ( below ) –

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC )

WWV

Product: Geophysical Alert Message Issued: May 17, 2011 21:05 UTC

Prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center

Please send comments and suggestions to SWPC.Webmaster@noaa.gov

3-hourly messages issued this UT [ Universal Time ] day.

Geophysical Alert Message

Solar-terrestrial indices for 16 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 10.

The mid-latitude K-index at 0000 UTC on 17 May 2011 was 2 ( 18 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 16 May follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 10.

The mid-latitude K-index at 0300 UTC on 17 May 2011 was 1 ( 8 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 16 May follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 10.

The mid-latitude K-index at 0600 UTC on 17 May 2011 was 2 ( 18 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 16 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 10.

The mid-latitude K-index at 0900 UTC on 17 May 2011 was 3 ( 32 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 16 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 10.

The mid-latitude K-index at 1200 UTC on 17 May 2011 was 2 ( 15 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 16 May follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 10.

The mid-latitude K-index at 1500 UTC on 17 May 2011 was 2 ( 14 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 16 May follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 10.

The mid-latitude K-index at 1800 UTC on 17 May 2011 was 2 ( 15 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 17 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and estimated mid-latitude A-Index 6.

The mid-latitude K-index at 2100 UTC on 17 May 2011 was 2 ( 12 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

Reference

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ftpdir/forecasts/wwv/0517wwv.txt

– –

May 17, 2011 thru May 18, 2011 ( below ) –

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC )

Product: Geophysical Alert Message wwv.txt Issued: May 18, 2011 18:05 UTC

Prepared by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center

Please send comments and suggestions to SWPC.Webmaster@noaa.gov

3-hourly messages issued this UT [ Universal Time ] day.

Geophysical Alert Message

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 17 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 8.

The mid-latitude K-index at 00:00 UTC on 18 May 2011 was 3 ( 28 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 17 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 8.

The mid-latitude K-index at 03:00 UTC on 18 May 2011 was 2 ( 17 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 17 May 2011 follow. Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 8. The mid-latitude K-index at 06:00 UTC on 18 May 2011 was 2 ( 17 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 17 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 8.

The mid-latitude K-index at 09:00 UTC on 18 May 2011 was 2 ( 10 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 17 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 8.

The mid-latitude K-index at 1200 UTC on 18 May 2011 was 1 ( 5 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 17 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 8.

The mid-latitude K-index at 1500 UTC on 18 May 2011 was 2 ( 13 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

#—————————————————————–

Solar-terrestrial indices for 17 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 92 and mid-latitude A-index 8.

The mid-latitude K-index at 1800 UTC on 18 May 2011 was 2 ( 14 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

Reference

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ftpdir/forecasts/wwv/0518wwv.txt

– –

May 18, 2011 ( below ) –

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC )

May 18, 2011

NOAA Scales Activity:

LEGEND: Range 1 ( minor ) to 5 ( extreme )

NOAA Scale…………….Past 24-hrs…..Current

Geomagnetic Storms………- none -……- none – Solar Radiation Storms…..- none -……- none –  Radio Blackouts…………- none -……- none –

Reference

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/SWN/index.html

– –

May 17, 2011 thru May 18, 2011 ( below ) –

 

Product: Geomagnetic Data Issued: 22:29 UTC 18 May 2011

Prepared by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center

Please send comments and suggestions to SWPC.Webmaster@noaa.gov

Updated every hour beginning at 00:29 UTC.

Values shown as reported, SEC does not verify accuracy.

Missing Data = -1

Geomagnetic A indices and K indices from the U.S. Geological Survey [ USGS ] Stations:

#               Geomagnetic #                 Dipole      A   ————- 3 Hourly K Indices ————– # Station        Lat. Long. Index 00-03 03-06 06-09 09-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 #——————————————————————————-

May 17, 2011

Boulder          N49 W 42    8     1     2     3     2     2     2     2     3 Chambon-la-foret N– E—   15     2     2     2     3     2     2     2     2 College          N65 W102   17     1     2     5     5     3     2     1     2 Fredericksburg   N38 W 78    8     1     2     3     2     2     2     2     2 Kergulen Island  S57 E130   -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ] Learmonth        S22 E114   -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ] Planetary(estimated Ap)     10     2     2     3     3     2     3     3     3 Wingst           N54 E 95   13     2     2     3     3     3     3     3     3 May 18, 2011

Boulder          N49 W 42    5     2     2     2     1     2     2     1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ] Chambon-la-foret N– E—   -1     2     2    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ] College          N65 W102   -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ] Fredericksburg   N38 W 78   -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ] Kergulen Island  S57 E130   -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ] Learmonth        S22 E114   -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ] Planetary(estimated Ap)     -1     2     2     1     1     1     2     1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ] Wingst           N54 E 95   -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1    -1 [ -1 = missing data ]

Reference

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ftpdir/lists/geomag/AK.txt

– –

The ‘official chart’ ( immediately above ) is ‘missing data’ ( -1 ). All data ( further above ) indicates the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) and U.S. National Weather service see ‘no significant’ “space weather,” right? Then again, who really knows because ‘those official reports’ are ‘missing’ an awful lot of “critical data” – none of which was released to the public.

What is indicated ( above ), however is ‘not what’s indicated’ ( below ) on these ‘other official reports issued on the exact same day’ by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) and U.S. National Weather service ( NWS ) as were ‘posted on their official website’, which begins revealing ‘contradictory information’ about a significant solar Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) “solar flare” event ( below ):

– –

May 12, 2011 thru May 18, 2011 ( below ) –

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC )

Alerts / Bulletins:

Latest Alert: May 17, 2011 07:44 UTC [ Universal Time ]

WARNING: Geomagnetic [ “Sudden Impulse” ( solar flare storm ) ] “K-index” of “4″ [ ” S 4 ” ] expected

Reference

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/SWN/index.html

– –

To ‘view the official’ NOAA chart on how it ranks a Geomagnetic Storm K-index category 4 [ “Extended Warning” ], click on: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/alerts/AlertsTable.html

The “officially stated effects” on the “K-index” for “4″ ( also known as ) “S4″ is ( below ):

– –

[ NOTE: Bracketed [ information ] ‘added information detail’ ( below ) was obtained from additional ’official source’ research. ]

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA )

[ SPECIFIC INFORMATION EXCERPT ONLY ( BELOW ) ]

Space Weather Scales

S 4 = SEVERE

BIOLOGICAL: ‘unavoidable radiation hazard to astronauts’ on EVA; ‘passengers and crew in high-flying aircraft’ at high latitudes [ ‘polar regions’ and ‘equator’ ]may be ‘exposed to radiation risk’. ***

SATELLITE OPERATIONS: may ‘experience memory device problems’ and ‘noise on imaging systems’; ‘star tracker problems’ may ’cause orientation problems’, and ‘solar panel’ [ batteries using solar cells ] efficiency can be ‘degraded’.

SYSTEMS ( OTHER ): blackout of HF [ High Frequency ] radio communications through the polar regions and ‘increased navigation errors’ over ‘several days are likely’.

*** High energy particle measurements ( >100 MeV ) are a better indicator of radiation risk to passenger and crews. ‘Pregnant women are particularly susceptible’.

Reference

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/NOAAscales/

– –

What makes matters even more difficult for ‘public comprehension’ is that ‘on the exact same day’, then the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) issued another ‘official report’ minimizing a ‘significant’ solar Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) from the Sun in a particular solar flare ( below ):

– –

May 18, 2011 ( below ) –

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC )

SWPC Anonymous FTP Server

Latest Solar-Geophysical Data

WWV

Product: Geophysical Alert Message Issued: 2011 May 18 21:05 UTC

Prepared by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center

Geophysical Alert Message

Solar-terrestrial indices for 18 May 2011 follow:

Solar flux 91 and estimated mid-latitude A-Index 5.

The mid-latitude K-index at 21:00 UTC on 18 May 2011 was 1 ( 5 nT ).

No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours.

Reference

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ftpdir/latest/wwv.txt

– –

We now see ( immediately above ) that a “K-index” of only “1″ was ‘underestimated’ and turned-out being a “4″ ( S4 ), which is “Severe.”

What makes matters worse for the public is that ‘on the exact same day’ ( May 18, 2011 ), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) issued its ‘official’ “Top News Of The Day” announcement, but dated it “May 19, 2011″ ( tommorrow ); providing ‘no indication’ as having being according to “Universal Time” ( UT / UTC ) that might have made sense except for one ( 1 ) thing – it was posted ‘early’ on “May 18, 2011″ in the “United States.”

It gets worse, then on the ‘exact same day’ ( May 18, 2011 ) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) and U.S. National Weather service ( NWS ) goes even further by providing ‘extremely bizzare rationale information’ that somehow ( they don’t say ‘how’ ) the ACE spacecraft satellite probe and other satellites had “Tracking Outages” that were in-part affected by the March 11, 2011 Japan tsunami. The image ( above ) does ‘not appear’ to indicate any Earth ground stations receiving any critical data link from “Japan.”

How does a 60-day old tsunami in Japan affect satellites in space ( ACE, etc. ) that are ‘supposedly observing the Sun’ is publicly incomprehensable – unless the ‘all satellites depended on only one ( 1 ) ground receiver on Earth ( in Japan ) connected in some way with something in Japan that is somehow supposed to be wiped-out ‘tommorrow’ ( May 19, 2011 )?

A more sensible public explanation might be if a solar flare, having a K-index and category 4 rating, shutdown ACE and other satellites observing the Sun.

The public is ‘not stupid’ and can detect ‘when’ the U.S. government is trying to hide a ‘secret’. What is that ‘government secret’?

A massive earthquake in Japan, ‘sometime tommorow’ ( May 19, 2011 ), bringing a ‘significant tsunami in Japan‘ on May 19, 2011?

Is a significant Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ) from the Sun going to send a ‘significant solar flare’ into outerspace – or to Earth – with a consequential Solar Energetic Particle Event ‘tommorrow’ ( May 19, 2011 )?

Are any of the ‘aforementioned speculations’ a reason ‘why’ the government may have ‘secretly shutdown satellites’ ( including ACE ) to prevent NASA spacecraft electronics from being ‘burned-out’ from the highly excited or ‘high-energy electron burst’?

If all of the aforementioned was not bad enough for the public, again on the ‘exact same day’ ( May 18, 2011 – today! ) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) and U.S. National Weather service ( NWS ) drops their hammer on the public stating, it will not be providing any further “critical data” – then ‘never mentions when they might ever again provide this information’.

Nothing like a government bureaucracy – once again – leaving the public hanging to guess what all this means, but one thing is for sure – a public information back-out – if the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ) and U.S. National Weather service ( NWS ) is ever to be publicly believed again!

All of the aforementioned and on the ‘exact same day’ ( May 18, 2011 ) or if you can believe them ( May 19, 2011 ), makes absolutely ‘no public sense’ whatsoever ( review immediately below ):

– –

May 18, 2011 [ publicly provided by NOAA SWPC dated May 19, 2011 ]  ( below ) –

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC )

“Top News of the Day:

May 19, 2011 – ACE [ Advanced Composition Explorer ] Tracking Outages: We have experienced recent outages from ACE due to several stations having problems that are expected to continue for some time. Solar radio interference, on the one hand, and equipment problems exacerbated by the continued effects of the recent Japan tsunami on the other. SWPC [ Space Weather Prediction Center ] and our partners in the Air Force and at NASA [ National Aeronautics & Space Administration ] are working hard to fill the gaps in these critical data.”

Reference

http://www.swpc.noaa.gov

– –

According to NASA this ( current ) Solar Maximum Cycle 24 is “something we all need to be concerned about” so, sooner or later a significant Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) will be an experience facing the World.

From the aforementioned information, now ask yourself:

1. When is the ‘significant’ Solar Energetic Particle Event ( SEPE ) ‘coming to Earth’?

2. Who will you be able to obtain ‘quick, accurate and thoroughly understandable information’ from?

3. Can you wait until the last minute for an ‘official government detailed public report’?

4. Do ‘you’ know ‘what to do’ about a ‘significant solar flare’ right ‘now’?

5. Do ‘you’ know ‘how to prepare’ for what ‘government officials’ say is ‘coming soon’?

5. Do ‘you’ have a ‘plan’ and a ‘back-up plan’ established?

If you either ‘do not understand’or ‘have no meaningful answer’ for any one ( 1 ) of the aforementioned six ( 6 ) questions, ‘at-least begin preparing’ by easily reviewing the ‘detailed color images’ and ‘color video clip entertainmant’ within the ‘official information based’ report “Solar Energetic Particle Event Effects” at: http://conceptactivityresearchvault.wordpress.com/2011/01/02/solar-energetic-particle-event-effects

Learn the ‘history’ of what occurred to others encountering in the ‘past’ what officials are warning about what’s coming again ‘now’, and discover ‘critical details’ others wished they had known about on ‘this subject’.

The report is ‘not a religious experience’ or ‘metaphysical enlightment’, it’s just cut-to-the-chase facts you will walk away with, as one of a few who know, realizing it ‘truly is a matter of life or death’ – sooner for more than a few who took the time to review the Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ) report on Solar Energetic Particle Event Effects ( SEPE ).

Review it for yourself, your loved ones, or anyone you care to give ‘half a chance to survive’.

Although lengthy, as it initially appears, it is colorfully entertaining, filled with ‘official facts’ and more from a variety of credibly recognizeable sources you are familiar with. Report, click here:  Solar Energetic Particle Event Effects

– – – –

Source: MSNBC.COM

Huge Solar Flare’s Magnetic Storm May Disrupt Satellites, Power Grids

March 7, 2012 13:19 p.m. Eastern Standard Time ( EST )

A massive solar flare that erupted from the Sun late Tuesday ( March 6, 2012 ) is unleashing one of the most powerful solar storms in more than 5-years, ‘a solar tempest that may potentially interfere with satellites in orbit and power grids when it reaches Earth’.

“Space weather has gotten very interesting over the last 24 hours,” Joseph Kunches, a space weather scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), told reporters today ( March 7, 2012 ). “This was quite the Super Tuesday — you bet.”

Several NASA spacecraft caught videos of the solar flare as it hurled a wave of solar plasma and charged particles, called a Coronal mass Ejection ( CME ), into space. The CME is not expected to hit Earth directly, but the cloud of charged particles could deliver a glancing blow to the planet.

Early predictions estimate that the Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) will reach Earth tomorrow ( March 8, 2012 ) at 07:00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time ( EST ), with the ‘effects likely lasting for 24-hours and possibly lingering into Friday ( March 9, 2012 )’, Kunches said.

The solar eruptions occurred late Tuesday night ( March 6, 2012 ) when the sun let loose two ( 2 ) huge X-Class solar flares that ‘ranked among the strongest type’ of sun storms. The biggest of those 2 flares registered as an X Class Category 5.4 solar flare geomagnetic storm on the space weather scale, making it ‘the strongest sun eruption so far this year’.

Typically, Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) contain 10,000,000,000 billion tons of solar plasma and material, and the CME triggered by last night’s ( March 6, 2012 ) X-Class Category 5.4 solar flare is ‘the one’ that could disrupt satellite operations, Kunches said.

“When the shock arrives, the expectation is for heightened geomagnetic storm activity and the potential for heightened solar radiation,” Kunches said.

This heightened geomagnetic activity and increase in solar radiation could impact satellites in space and ‘power grids on the ground’.

Some high-precision GPS ( Global Positioning Satellite ) users could also be affected, he said.

“There is the potential for ‘induced currents in power grids’,” Kunches said. “‘Power grid operators have all been alerted’. It could start to ’cause some unwanted induced currents’.”

Airplanes that fly over the polar caps could also experience communications issues during this time, and some commercial airliners have already taken precautionary actions, Kunches said.

Powerful solar storms can also be hazardous to astronauts in space, and NOAA is working close with NASA’s Johnson Space Center to determine if the six ( 6 ) spacecraft residents of the International Space Station ( ISS ) need to take shelter in more protected areas of the orbiting laboratory, he added.

The flurry of recent space weather events could also supercharge aurora displays ( also known as the Northern Lights and Southern Lights ) for sky-watchers at high latitudes.

“Auroras are probably the treat that we get when the sun erupts,” Kunches said.

Over the next couple days, Kunches estimates that brightened auroras could potentially be seen as far south as the southern Great Lakes region, provided the skies are clear.

Yesterday’s ( March 6, 2012 ) solar flares erupted from the giant active sunspot AR1429, which spewed an earlier X Class Category 1.1 solar flare on Sunday ( March 4, 2012 ). The CME from that one ( 1 ) outburst mostly missed Earth, passing Earth by last night ( March 6, 2012 ) at around 11 p.m. EST, according to the Space Weather Prediction Center ( SWPC ), which is jointly managed by NOAA and the National Weather Service ( NWS ).

This means that the planet ( Earth ) is ‘already experiencing heightened geomagnetic and radiation effects in-advance’ of the next oncoming ( March 8, 2012 thru March 9, 2012 ) Coronal Mass Ejection ( CME ).

“We’ve got ‘a whole series of things going off’, and ‘they take different times to arrive’, so they’re ‘all piling on top of each other’,” Harlan Spence, an astrophysicist at the University of New Hampshire, told SPACE.com. “It ‘complicates the forecasting and predicting’ because ‘there are always inherent uncertainties with any single event’ but now ‘with multiple events piling on top of one another’, that ‘uncertainty grows’.”

Scientists are closely monitoring the situation, particularly because ‘the AR1429 sunspot region remains potent’. “We think ‘there will be more coming’,” Kunches said. “The ‘potential for more activity’ still looms.”

As the Sun rotates, ‘the AR1429 region is shifting closer to the central meridian of the solar disk where flares and associated Coronal Mass Ejections ( CMEs ) may ‘pack more a punch’ because ‘they are more directly pointed at Earth’.

“The Sun is waking up at a time in the month when ‘Earth is coming into harms way’,” Spence said. “Think of these ‘CMEs somewhat like a bullet that is shot from the sun in more or less a straight line’. ‘When the sunspot is right in the middle of the sun’, something ‘launched from there is more or less directed right at Earth’. It’s kind of like how getting sideswiped by a car is different than ‘a head-on collision’. Even still, being ‘sideswiped by a big CME can be quite dramatic’.” Spence estimates that ‘sunspot region AR 1429 will rotate past the central meridian in about 1-week’.

The sun’s activity ebbs and flows on an 11-year cycle. The sun is in the midst of Solar Maximum Cycle 24, and activity is expected to ramp up toward the height of the Solar Maximum in 2013.

Reference

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46655901/

– – – –

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Concept Activity Research Vault E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

Secret Locations

Paul Bennewitz photo of ETV at Wirt Canyon near Dulce NM - Lg

[ IMAGE ( above ): Special motion picture film and photographic imaging equipment caught this particular near still image of what Paul Bennewitz obtained certain information about ExtraTerrestrial Vehicles ( ETV ) passing in-to and out-of this particular solid rock face mountain at Wirt Canyon near Dulce, New Mexico, USA ( click on image to enlarge ) ]

Secret Locations
by, Kentron Intellect Research Vault ( KIRV )

March 17, 2011 11:08:42 (PST)

NEW MEXICO, Santa Fe – March 17, 2011 – Paul Philip Schneider, a mechanical engineer, was no slouch but a patriotic ex-military American who was found garroted to death shortly after publicly exposing a work-site area near the Archuleta Mesa ( between Colorado and New Mexico ) where an event occured while he worked under ‘contract’ for MORRISON-KNUTSON INC. that upon instructions from the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory ( LASL ) Geosciences Division – now known as – Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ) caused him to be sent down an ‘old nuclear bomb borehole’ ( see further below about “Nuclear Fracturing” ) he claimed was located in a ‘remote area of northern New Mexico’ where his mission was to discover why huge plumes of ‘black soot’ were forcefully being shot up into the atmosphere’ at an active drill site where his team was located.

Paul Philip Schneider 8

Schneider, by his own accounts, claimed the black soot atmosphere smelled like a sulphuric gas lingering in the air all around the drill-site, but who ever heard of a ‘carbon atmosphere’ of ’black sulphur gas’?

It is still seriously doubted if Phil Schneider knew what was actually happening down in the cavern he was ordered into through the borehole.

Did Schneider, know:

– What those plumes of ‘black soot’ actually consisted of, and ‘why’ it was being ‘forcefully shot-out of the borehole’ with such ‘pressure’;?

– How a ‘huge cavern came to be made’ at the bottom of the borehole?

– What the ‘cavern had been filled with and why’?

– Why boreholes were ‘specifically directed to be drilled precisely where they were’?

From what has been able to be gathered from in-depth research, Schneider was apparently sent by KNUTSON to perform his role as a ‘mechanical engineering consultant’, who totally by accident discovered something beyond his wildest imagination – and many other’s too.

Schneider was lowered down one of the boreholes with an ‘armed black beret military team’ that surrounded him but he could not understand ‘why’ he had such escorts – except for some unknown military security reason he wasn’t cleared to know, and being ex-military, Schneider knew-better than to ask any questions, but to ‘do what was asked of him by his superior’.

Now comes the point within this report that information becomes incredibly bizzare, however by in-depth research Schneider’s claims ( below ) have been pulled somewhat back into ‘more detailed perspective’ by ‘incredibly related facts’ that existed long ago.

Schneider and the other armed U.S. federal military employees discovered a group of what Schneider claims were ExtraTerrestrial Biological Entities ( EBEs ) that he referred to as alien “Grey talls” ( 7-foot extraterrestrial aliens with a bluish purple bioskin color.

Once lowered through the borehole, a deep underground cavern appeared and this is when Schneider claims he instantly got off several rounds of his own ammunition ( from his sidearm pistol ) before being shot by some ‘blue beam of light’ – leaving him cut wide-open in the chest as having several fingers of his cut-off  from what the first ( 1st ) alien he encountered ( down there ) apparently aimed at him ( Schneider ).

Paul Philip Schneider 2

Paul Philip Schneider 7

Schneider further claimed that nearly sixty ( 60 ) U.S. government personnel and contractors lost their lives during this August 1979 ‘unpublicized event’ in what Schneider described having been involved-in an underground cavern filled with alien beings.

Hard to believe, I know because at-first I totally scoffed at Schneider’s claims being utterly ridiculous, until some unrelated research studied earlier portions of what Schneider claimed.

Years earlier ( 2002 ) I was exchanging communications with someone related to Paul Philip Schneider, on an entirely ‘different subject’ related to work his ‘father’ Oscar Schneider was involved-in with the U.S. Navy, and current research now dovetailed back to that which I was researching years ago surrounding a U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) ‘precious metals’ scientific recycling process that involved baking ore resulting in low-yield nuclear energy transmutation of material into high-yield elements.

It appeared from further studies that Oscar Schneider’s son, Paul Philip Schneider claims required further detailed clarifications, which he either could not perform earlier due to secrecy agreements with the U.S. government or he may have felt he should ‘not’ provide too many specifics for fear of breeching a “business agreement” he made with the U.S. government, however based upon current research beyond Schneider’s claims, incredible further facts go far beyond this report sufficient to at least warrant a suitable public release of information contained herein.

In 2002, Schneider’s intinately close friend sent me “Rhyolyte 47″ ( classified ) ‘official U.S. Navy documents’ pertaining to Paul Philip Schneider’s ‘father’, U.S. Navy Captain Oscar Schneider, who from his ‘military professional medical position’ became directly involved with “Project Blue Ship” ( also known as ) “The Philadelphia Experiment.”

Phil Schneider mentions that upon drilling “boreholes” the drill-site teams were experiencing “huge plums of black soot’ or “black dust” ( that stank ) and were being ‘rapidly ejected under pressure’ into the atmosphere, which also lingered near the ground, from within these underground hole locations they were being told to drill at.

None apparently knew ‘why’ or ‘how’ these odd occurences were taking place, or why they were drilling where they were.

Initial research indicates that “Nuclear Fracturing” ( 1962 – 2005 ) had been used earlier in ‘underground nuclear blasts’ for what was said to be “oil experimentations,” which was a U.S. government cover for underground testing of nuclear warheads subsequent to Russia having exploded what it called the “Tsar Bomba,” a 100-kiloton nuclear bomb that the U.S. later claimed only yielded 50-kiloton blast with a Circular Error Probability ( CEP ) range for death from irradiation up to 60-miles away from ground-zero.

Did previously ‘large U.S. oil reserves once exist’ until subsequently becoming nuclear blasted underground, creating both a ‘high pressure black oil carbon soot atmosphere’ and simultaneously creating these ‘huge underground caverns’?

Were “Grey” alien “talls” ( 7-foot ) provided with a ‘government secret atmospheric environment’ consisting of ‘large underground cavern living where they were the only ones able to breath a high carbon pressurized atmosphere consisting of gamma irradiated particle elements” derived from ‘earlier U.S. secret military underground nuclear Projects’ publicly called “Nuclear Fracturing”? If so, could an extraterrestrial alien agreement been reached secretly with the U.S. government?

Was the LANL / LASL Geosciences Division ‘borehole drillings’ “Hot Rock” Project – publicly revealed as only seeking ‘new geothermal energy alternatives’ only a ruse?

By ‘drilling boreholes’ ( in highly ‘specific remote locations’ where contractors were ‘told to drill’ ) did that ‘actually and instantly deplete’ all of the carbon dense atmosphere used by these Grey alien “talls” whom were thereby being killed down inside these caverns? If so, why would the U.S. government destroy what it must have worked so hard to build for these aliens?

Might another “aggenda” have entered determining a take over of those Grey tall ( 7-foot + ) aliens existence underground? If so, why were these “Grey talls” suddenly considered a “threat?”

There is only rumored mentions of a percentage reduction number of Grey talls ( aliens ) being sighted on Earth, whereas “Grey shorts” ( 4-foot to 5-foot tall ) are now only but rarely sighted so, were nearly 80% of the “Grey talls” actually “wiped-out” by ‘another alien species’ – as rumored?

Is there any truth to any of this and are there any other correlations worth researching to such deep underground military bases and caverns albeit for aliens or humans?

Why have ‘sophisticated landing strips’ on “Church of Scientology” ( COS ) ‘remote properties’ been purchased by its “Church of Scientific Technology” entity that has also built ‘sophisticated underground vaults’ and ‘sophisticated long tunnel systems’ that are ‘guaranteed to last 1,000 years’ equipped with ‘sophisticated nuclear blast-proof doors’ built to withstand any direct nuclear hit? All of these have been substantiated through my research and documented by satellite photos, facility diagramatics, and land parcel details and grant information on many of these COS / CST ‘remote installation properties’.

Related points to initially consider:

– Schneider claimed his work was on a Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ) Project, that my research indicates was actually performed the name “Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory” ( LASL ) Geosciences Division”  within its geothermal ( volcanic magma ) “Hot Rock” Project during August 1979 or ‘likely earlier’;

[ IMAGE ( above ): Archuleta Mesa ( top ) where ( due south ) is Dulce, New Mexico ( click to read, enlarge image ) ]

– Schneider of KNUTSON worked at this Archuleta Mesa / Kit Carson National Forest (aka) Carson National Park work-site during the August 1979 alien event;

– Schneider possibly a ‘sub-contracted engineer’ ( like Keith Millheim of CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ) working for KNUTSON ( Tulsa, OK ) performing what that industry refers to as “high risk construction contracts;”

– New Mexico site on the Archuleta Mesa / Kit Carson National Forrest – aka – Carson National Park ( New Mexico near Colorado border ), research land grants near Edith, Colorado and Blue Lake, New Mexico ( Indian land );

– KNUTSON, which Schneider claimed to have been working for, may have been a ‘specially named adjunct’ working out-of Area 51 / S4 ( Groom Lake, Nevada ) while Schneider travelled from to work at the Archuleta Mesa ( Edith, Colorado ) site. Could Schneider have been covering-up the exact location being actually in the Kit Carson National Forest Indian land of Blue Lake, New Mexico ) near Taos, New Mexico where the phonemena of the “Taos hum” is and all the UFO sighting northeast of Taos, which would place the UFO sightings directly over Indian land of Blue Lake, New Mexico;

– Check both work and worksite connections between EG & G CHANDLER ENGINEERING ( Tulsa, OK ) and KNUTSON ( Tulsa, Oklahoma ) on work-site contracts that took place during 1979 ( or ‘earlier’ ), in the area of the Kit Carson National Forest ( New Mexico ) and /or Archuleta Mesa ( New Mexico or southern Colorado ), performing an industry referenced “high risk construction contract;” and,

– Google Earth shows a ‘gigantic cave-in’ or ‘explosion hole from something’ where scattered atop is an unusual ‘broken and caved-in lattice pattern’ of ‘huge very-very long beams / tubes’ [ cavern / cave / tunnel support beam cylinders ] that appear ‘snapped like twigs’ and sunken into a remote cave-in area nearest Edith, Colorado of the Archuleta Mesa area.

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Part 2

COS CST & IGSS Brief Note –

Church of Scientology ( COS ) and Church of Scientific Technology ( CST ) New Mexico vault tunneling construction performed by INTERNATIONAL GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS ( Santa Fe, New Mexico ).

Note all ‘sub-contracts’, ‘consulting engineers’, ‘consulting architects’, ‘insurance companies’, and any other ‘related construction support firms’ for connections, between:

– INTERNATIONAL GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS ( Santa Fe, New Mexico ); – CER GEONUCLEAR CORPORATION of EG&G ( Las Vegas, Nevada 89114 ); – MORRISON-KNUDSEN INC. – aka – KNUTSON ( Las Vegas, Nevada ); – MORRISON KNUDSEN ENGINEERS – aka – KNUTSON ( Tulsa, Oklahoma ); – CHANDLER ENGINEERING of EG&G ( Tulsa, Oklahoma ); – Others ( e.g. AUSTRAL OIL, et al. ).

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PART 3 –

Nuclear Fracturing Projects –

Atoms for Peace program fails oilpatch testing. Atoms for Peace was a grand idea aimed at benefiting the world and was tested in the oilpatch. It never reached its potential in ‘industrial use’, however it did set an active alternative; accelerating the nuclear arms race between the U.S. and Russia.

– –

UNITED NATIONS ( UN ) – UNITED STATES President Dwight D. Eisenhower –

It kicked off on November 28, 1953 when the United Nations ( UN ) General Assembly asked the Disarmament Commission for suggestions to halt nuclear proliferation, 10-days later U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower addressed the UN General Assembly saying:

“The United States would seek more than the mere reduction or elimination of atomic materials for military purposes. It is not enough to take this weapon out of the hands of soldiers. It must be put into the hands of those who will know how to strip its military casing and adapt it to the arts of peace.”

– –

OPERATION PLOWSHARE ( 1972 ) –

In the United States, that effort kicked-off OPERATION PLOWSHARE – named for the Biblical passage that referred to turning swords into plowshares. The United States had high hopes for Operation Plowshare. It anticipated twenty-seven ( 27 ) nuclear programs using atomic devices for peace.

– –

– PANAMA – – NICARAGUA – – COSTA RICA –

Among those plans were proposals to use more than one-hundred ( 100 ) nuclear explosions to blast a 37 mile ( 60 kilometer ) long canal across the isthmus of Panama at San Blas.

Another plan would use at least 250 blasts for a 140 mile ( 225 kilometer ) canal on the Nicaragua Costa Rica border.

– –

– ALASKA –

PROJECT CHARIOT Cape Thompson, Alaska

Another, PROJECT CHARIOT, almost went into action that would have used several hydrogen bombs to blast out a harbor at Cape Thompson, Alaska in the Chukchi Sea about 75 miles ( 121 kilometers ) from the Russia border in the Bering Sea Strait.

– –

– NEVADA –

PROJECT SEDAN ( 06JUL62 @ 10:00 a.m. ) Yucca Flats, Nevada

Concerns over the native population reduced that to a 104 kiloton proof-of-concept blast called SEDAN at Yucca Flats, Nevada on July 6, 1962. The blast displaced 12,000,000 million short tons of dirt and released a 12,000 ft. high ( 3,660 meter ) radioactive cloud.

– –

– NEW MEXICO –

PROJECT GASBUGGY ( 10DEC67 ) Kit Carson National Forest ( New Mexico ) / Archuleta Mesa adjacencies: Dulce, NM; Blue Lake, NM; and, Edith, CO. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY ( Livermore, California ) U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ( AEC ) EL PASO NATURAL GAS

Native American indians of the Tiwa tribe, continue cultural traditions to this day. Around 1903, by Executive Order, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt took over 48,000 acres of Tiwa tribal land ( in the “Sangre de Cristo Mountains” of New Mexico ) making it the “Kit Carson National Forest” (aka) “Carson National Forest” in New Mexico. In 1970, by Executive Order, U.S. President Richard Nixon returned part of that land to the Tiwa tribe.

A ‘tribal disaster’ ( elsewhere ) was mentioned in an official U.S. Administration letter. Pull letter from existing files under Knights of Malta member Thomas Sawyer.

Kit Carson National Forest, Sangre de Cristo Mounbtains, Archuleta Mesa, and other names ‘narrow area’ of ‘work-site location(s)’ requiring ‘further research’:

– Jemez Plateau; – Jemez Mountains; – Fenton Hill, New Mexico <?> – UNION OIL ( Baca location ) or UNOCAL Geothermal Division ( Los Angeles, CA ); – Mayrsville <?> could be “Marysville” < sp ? >; – Coso; – LASL Geosciences Division; – ERDA ( Energy Research and Development Administration ) National Laboratories Division of Geothermal Energy ( DGE ); – Drilling Third ( 3rd ) Borehole ( code name: EE-1 )

Most of the real testing took place in the oilpatch, starting with PROJECT GASBUGGY – the first test aimed at releasing natural gas from tight sands and the first use of a nuclear device for industrial purposes.

It took place on December 10, 1967 in the Carson National Forest of New Mexico – about 90 miles northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico and 25 miles southwest of the town of Dulce, New Mexico.

The U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ( AEC ) was the oversight agency as LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY ( LLNL ) and EL PASO NATURAL GAS ( EPNG ) conducted the test. They set off a 29 kiloton blast 4,240 ft ( 1,293 m ) underground in a tight shale. According to official figures, the blast created a cavity 80 feet ( 24 m ) wide and 335 feet ( 102 m ) high filled with gas. Unfortunately, the ‘gas was too radioactive’ to use. They didn’t stop there.

– –

– COLORADO –

PROJECT RULISON ( 10SEP69 ) Rifle, Colorado; CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ( Las Vegas, Nevada ); Keith K. Millheim ( president of Strategic Worldwide LLC The Woodlands, Texas ) under CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. contract; AUSTRAL OIL ( Denver, Colorado ); TELEDYNE ISOTOPES ( Palo Alto, California ); ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ( AEC ).

The industry moved on to Project Rulison, probably the best known of the nuclear blasts for peace. This blast, also under the control of the ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ( AEC ), was conducted by CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ( Las Vegas, Nevada ) and AUSTRAL OIL ( Denver, Colorado ).

In between international assignments Keith K. Millheim ( president of Strategic Worldwide LLC The Woodlands, Texas ) was seconded by CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. to help design the drilling and testing of the Project Rulison Nuclear Gas Stimulation Experiment.

This 43 kiloton blast – 2.6 times the size of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan – was lowered 8,426 ft ( 2,568 m ) underground from a drill site on the southwest flank of Doghead Mountain in Battlement Creek Valley in Garfield County, Colorado approximately 40 miles northeast of Grand Junction, Colorado and 11 miles southwest of Rifle, Colorado. During hearings in the area, testimony revealed that the government believed the blast would fracture the tight MesaVerde gas sands and release more gas than conventional fracturing. If they could find a better way of fracturing, they might have the key to releasing more of the 317 Tcf of gas in place in tight sands, according to an article by Chester McQueary ( Parachute, Colorado resident ) writing for the High Country News. Also during the hearings, David Evans from Colorado School of Mines testified the industry would have to set off 13,000 similar blasts to get the kind of recoveries the government wanted. According to Chester McQueary, 1-week before the blast the AEC set up a 5 mile ( 8 kilometer ) quarantine zone around the well site as workers lowered the bomb into the hole. It even paid some homeowners to leave for the day. Unfortunately, winds that could have carried radiation north to Rifle, Colorado or west of Grand Junction, Colorado delayed the test until September 10, 1969. Protesters entered the quarantine area in 2s and 3s so they couldn’t be easily removed. KWSR radio station in Rifle carried a countdown for the blast. Finally, security forces just left protestors, McQueary among them, in the quarantine area. He felt a “mighty thump” that lifted him 8 inches into the air and measured 5.5 on the Richter scale in Golden, Colorado. Again, about 30-days later, the test team found the ‘gas was too radioactive to use’, but that wasn’t the end of the ‘nuclear program in natural gas’.

– –

– COLORADO –

PROJECT RIO BLANCO ( 1971 – 17MAY73 )

EG&G CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ( Las Vegas, Nevada – 1971 – 1973 ) EQUITY OIL CO. ( Salt Lake City, Utah ) C.F. KNUTSON ( 1973 – 1975 ) D.L. Coffin ( 1968 – 1971 ); F.A. Welder ( 1968 – 1971 ); R.K. Glanzman ( 1968 – 1971 ); X.W. Dutton ( 1968 ).

<?> Virginia Glanzman ( USGS – Denver, Colorado ) <?>

The next test also took place in the Piceance Basin of Colorado, this one on May 17, 1973. It was called Project Rio Blanco and was scheduled in Rio Blanco County about 75 miles northwest of Grand Junction, Colorado and 30 miles ( 48.3 kilometer ) southwest of Meeker.

EG&G CER GEONUCLEAR CORP. ( Las Vegas, Nevada ) and EQUITY OIL CO. ( Salt Lake City, Utah ) conducted the blast where the operators set three ( 3 ) 330 kiloton devices between 5,838 feet and 6,689 feet ( 1,781 meters and 2,040 meters ) to blast out a huge cavern in the tight Mesaverde below the Green River oil shale. The blast went off, but the caverns didn’t connect.

– –

– NEVADA –

Nevada Test Site ( NTS ) ( 1993 – 1995 ) Nellis Air Force Base, Test Range Site, S-1 ( Nevada ) Area 51

LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY ( LLNL – Livermore, California ) DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE ( P.O. Box 60220, Reno, Nevada 89506-0220 ) D.K. Smith; B.K. Esser; J.L. Thompson; J.I. Daniels; R. Andricevic; – 1994 – L.R. Anspaugh  ” ; R.L. Jacobson  ” ; I.Y. Borg; – 1976 – R. Stone  ” ; H.B. Levy  ” ; L.D. Ramspott  ” .

– –

– WYOMING – PROJECT WAGON WHEEL

AUSTRAL OIL PRESCO INC. ( The Woodlands, Texas – V-P: Kim R.W. Bennetts ) EL PASO NATURAL GAS U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ( EPA )

The federal agency had planned to move next to PROJECT WAGON WHEEL, but that test never took place. Wagon Wheel was scheduled to loosen up the tight formations on the Pinedale Anticline in Sublette County, Wyoming – an area operators have only recently started developing with large numbers of wells.

Unlike PROJECT GASBUGGY, which was a cost-is-no-object technical test, PROJECT WAGON WHEEL was supposed to ‘test profitability of atomic fracturing’ and was the biggest test to-date with plans for five ( 5 ) 100-kiloton nuclear explosions set-off 5-minutes apart and from 9,220 feet to 11,570 feet ( 2,812 meters to 3,529 meters ) in a field discovered by EL PASO NATURAL GAS.

The operators planned to wait 4-months to 6-months before testing the well, and thought radiation released in testing would be lower than normal background radiation. But the project gathered a lot of opposition. Among the statements that killed it was testimony by Dr. Ken Perry, a geologist with the University of Wyoming.

Looking at plans for 40 to 50 nuclear explosions per year, he said for full area development.

Southwestern Wyoming would be the ‘earthquake center of the world, according to Adam Mark Lederer in a thesis entitled, “Using Public Policy Models to Evaluate Nuclear Stimulation Programs: Wagon Wheel in Wyoming.”

After the PROJECT RIO BLANCO blast, officials plugged and abandoned three ( 3 ) wells in the area, but left three ( 3 ) wells open on the RB-E-01 drill pad so they could monitor the wells. When they finally abandoned the surface facilities, the radiation was no different than the background radiation in the area except for tritium readings, which exceeded government criteria in several samples.

In 2002, officials decided to lift all restrictions on surface activity. They did mandate there should be no penetration of the surface to 1,500 feet ( 458 meters ) within 100 feet ( 30 meters ) of the well bore and no intrusion from 1,500 feet to 7,500 feet ( 458 meters to 2,288 meters ) within a 600 feet ( 183-m ) radius of the well bore. The situation was similar at the Rulison well site, but with a recent twist.

Following the $6,500,000 million ( USD ) Rulison well, also called the AUSTRAL OIL Hayward #25-95 in Section 25-7s-95w, the government continued monitoring the subsurface as it had at Rio Blanco. In both cases it wanted to monitor the possible migration of radiation. The Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) also conducts annual sampling of deep monitoring wells and water sources in the area. Except for deep radiation at both sites, the areas are clean.

Recently, however PRESCO INC. ( The Woodlands, Texas ) sought permission for 40-acre spacing over an area that would include the Rulison well site.

It already had drilled a well in prolific Rulison field 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) from the test site with no sign of radioactivity. Approval would have allowed the company to drill multiple wells near the Hayward well bore. Kim R.W. Bennetts, vice president of exploration and production for the company, said even if it drilled into the cavity, which it didn’t plan to do, very little radiation remained. Bennetts also said the company couldn’t, and wouldn’t, sell radioactive gas. Its planned wells in the area would be 1,200 feet ( 366 meters ) to the northeast and 1,600 feet ( 488 meters ) to the southeast of the Rulison test well.

After a February 10, 2004 meeting of the Colorado Oil & Gas Conservation Commission, the company then received approval to drill only one well on 40-acre spacing within a half-mile radius of the Rulison test well.

The company even had support from the county until it raised its plans from one ( 1 ) well to four ( 4 ) wells. The Colorado commission said it would approve the wells on a case-by-case basis. Currently, with no plans by any agency to continue work with ‘nuclear devices in the oilpatch’, it looks as if that research has come to an end.

While it lasted, however, it was a daring period of research into ‘advanced methods of releasing huge volumes of natural gas’, and that research continues today.

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PART 4

EG&G –

EG & G INC. (aka) EG and G INCORPORATED 45 William Street Wellesley, Massachusetts 02181 U.S.A. Telephone: (781) 237-5100 Fax: (781) 431-4255 WWW: http://www.egginc.com

Statistics:

Public Company

Incorporated: 1947 as Edgerton, Germehausen & Grier, Inc. Employees: 13,000 Sales: $1.41 billion (1998) Stock Exchanges: New York Ticker Symbol:EGG

NAIC: 334413 Semiconductor & Related Device Manufacturing; 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; 334513 Instruments & Related Product Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying & Controlling Industrial Process Variables; 334519 Other Measuring & Controlling Device Manufacturing; 54133 Engineering Services; 54199 All Other Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services; 54171 Research & Development in the Physical, Engineering & Life Sciences

Company Perspectives:

Our vision is that we can create value in an environment of ever-accelerating change. Value creation is our singular aim and ultimate measure of success. We believe that the increasing drive to create value represents the surest and most consistent avenue for us to benefit our customers, employees, stockholders and constituent communities. Our value creation model focuses on growth primarily derived from internal development.

Company History:

EG & G Incorporated is a diversified technology company that develops and provides products for public and private customers in the medical, aerospace, telecommunications, semiconductor, photographic, and other industries. The company’s operations are broken into five business units: Instruments; Life Sciences; Engineered Products; Optoelectronics; and Technical Services. Its Instruments operation is based on x-ray imaging systems and provides screening and inspection systems for use in airport and industrial security, and environmental, food, and nuclear industry monitoring. The Life Sciences unit develops systems for biochemical research and medical diagnostics. The Engineered Products unit designs and produces pneumatic systems, seals, and bellows for aerospace, semiconductor, and power generation markets. EG & G’s Optoelectronics division specializes in optical sensing devices for industrial and medical applications. The company’s final unit, Technical Services, provides engineering, research, management, and support services to governmental and industrial clients.

Nuclear Management and Monitoring: 1940s – 1950s

EG & G was established by three nuclear engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology shortly after the end of World War II. These engineers, Harold E. Edgerton, Kenneth J. Germehausen, and Herbert E. Grier, had been involved in the American effort to construct an atomic bomb during the war. So valued were their contributions that after the war the government asked them to establish a company to manage further development of the country’s nuclear weapons. The three established a small partnership called Edgerton, Germehausen & Grier on November 13, 1947, and quickly began collecting contracts to advise the government on nuclear tests in Nevada and on South Pacific islands.

One of the first employees of the new company was Bernard J. O’Keefe, another MIT graduate who had worked for Dr. Grier during the war. O’Keefe served with the 21st Bomber Command in the Mariana Islands during the war, and is said to have personally wired the bomb that later destroyed the Japanese city of Nagasaki. O’Keefe was sent to Japan after its surrender to investigate that country’s progress with nuclear technology and recruit promising Japanese scientists for other atomic projects. A specialist in the design and development of electronic instrumentation and controls, O’Keefe quickly gained an important position in the growing firm.

Inconvenienced by the length of the company’s name, employees soon began to rely on the simple acronym EG & G, which later became its official name. In order to maintain close contact with MIT and its excellent nuclear and electronic engineering programs, EG & G set up its headquarters in Bedford, Massachusetts, in northwest suburban Boston.

EG & G was involved in the U.S. effort to build a more powerful nuclear weapon, the hydrogen bomb. That year, Grier and O’Keefe were present at a Nevada test site to personally witness an H-bomb detonation. After the weapon failed to explode, Grier and O’Keefe flipped a coin to determine who should scale the 300-foot test tower and disarm the bomb. Although O’Keefe lost, he won the special distinction of being the first man to disarm a live H-bomb.

O’Keefe had a second brush with disaster in 1958 when he witnessed an H-bomb detonation at Bikini Atoll in the South Pacific. There, shifting winds in the upper atmosphere caused a radioactive cloud of fallout to shower his bunker.

These experiences taught O’Keefe the awesome destructive power of nuclear weaponry and the dangers of radioactive fallout. As an engineer and manager he was bound to perform his company’s contracts, but grew personally opposed to the use of nuclear weapons. This sharpened his sense of responsibility toward the emerging form of warfare, a quality that was not lost upon the government’s Atomic Energy Commission.

As a result of EG & G’s experience with detonations, and O’Keefe’s concern for nuclear non-proliferation, the company became increasingly involved in distant monitoring projects, particularly as they related to Soviet nuclear tests. By observing changes in the atmosphere, EG & G was able to determine the incidence and strength of Soviet tests and provide important data on the progress of Moscow’s weapons program. In the process, EG & G gained highly specialized knowledge in environmental sciences. These skills had numerous applications outside the weapons industry, in such areas as pollution control and environmental management.

Exploring Commercial Markets: 1960s

As early as 1960, O’Keefe and the company’s three founders had considered establishing a new environmental analysis business, which would lessen EG & G’s dependence on low-margin government contracts and permit the company to enter new commercial markets. But at the time, neither public concern nor legislation placed a high value on such endeavors.

Three years later, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom signed a protocol that banned nuclear tests in the atmosphere, above ground, in the water, or in outer space.

With this document, EG & G appeared to lose a major portion of its business. However, the protocol did not prevent underground tests, which were far more complicated.

EG & G remained the only company with the proper supervisory credentials to manage this type of nuclear testing.

The company was forced to develop geologic analytical capabilities and become a ‘tunneling’ and ‘mining operation’ as well.

Furthermore, the government had also laid plans to establish a kind of NASA equivalent of oceanographics ( NOAA ).

Eager to take a place in this organization, EG & G invested heavily in oceanographic research.

While the underwater NASA never materialized, the efforts enabled O’Keefe to further cultivate new commercial markets for EG & G, including excavation and water transmission.

During this time the company’s three ( 3 ) founders moved further into retirement, taking ceremonial “executive chairman emeritus” positions.

As a result, O’Keefe became the de facto head of the company.

EG & G also pursued a strong acquisition campaign, taking over thirteen ( 13 ) companies between 1964 – 1967 when a strong environmental movement began to form in the United States.

With legislation still years away, EG & G began laying plans to play an important role in the environmental projects it was sure would result.

EG & G was divided into four ( 4 ) main operating divisions.

EG & G INTERNATIONAL, primarily concerned with oceanography, was the smallest.

EG & G standard products and equipment division produced a variety of machines and electronic devices, grew fastest during the 1960s.

EG & G nuclear detonation and monitoring business segment remained its largest.

EG & G nuclear technology group, most innovative and interesting, involved design of nuclear rocket engines ( ion engines ) for interplanetary propulsion.

EG & G CER GEONUCLEAR CORPORATION Projects included “nuclear landscaping” known as nuclear explosion controlled blasts, carving out:

Harbors; Canals; and, Passageways ( Tunnels, Pipelines, etc. ).

EG & G CER GEONUCLEAR CORPORATION Unit participations tested nuclear explosions ‘used to fracture layers of rock’ for access to otherwise inaccessible reserve locations of oil and gas for exploitation. Although feasible, these EG & G’public works’ projects failed in gaining public support.

In fact, opposition to nuclear technology in-general ‘increased’ as people grew wary of the safety of nuclear energy.

In addition, nuclear excavation would have required an unlikely waiver of the 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

With the evaporation of good commercial prospects for its nuclear engineering expertise, EG & G was forced to rely again on military projects. Despite efforts to step up mechanical and electrical engineering work (partly by acquiring a spate of small research companies), EG & G mustered only four percent annual growth during the late 1960s.

Failed Initiatives: 1970 – 1975

Interest in nuclear power increased dramatically during the 1973 – 1974 Arab oil embargo, in which Americans sought to reduce their costly dependence on imported oil.

Realizing that the world’s oil exporting nations stood to permanently lose their largest customer, the United States, King Faisal of Saudi Arabia promptly called for an end to the embargo. Nonetheless, while Americans regained access to Arab oil, the end of the embargo was disastrous for the U.S. nuclear energy industry and for EG & G.

The end of the embargo removed one of the great justifications for nuclear power, and gave anti-nuclear activists time to properly organize legislative battles.

While EG & G was being locked out of yet another promising commercial application of its technologies, it attempted projects in other fields.

Some years earlier, in an effort to develop a new process for purifying nuclear isotopes, EG & G developed a flash tube that was ideal for photocopiers, but by the time an application could be developed, XEROX had already saturated the market with conventional designs.

In another ill-timed move, the company bet that environmental laws would cause demand for the unconventional Wankel engine to rise.

EG & G purchased a Texas automobile testing agency in hopes of winning large emission monitoring contracts, but the oil embargo destroyed the market for the clean but gas-eating Wankel engine as automobile environmental legislation was abandoned.

During this time, with the encouragement of the government, EG & G established a minority-dominated subsidiary, EG & G Roxbury, in a neighborhood of Boston, hoping to help strengthen the economic structure of the community. The project floundered, however, when bureaucrats failed to properly support the program, causing only a few sales to be made from the subsidiary. After a few years of disastrous results, the entire program was wound up.

On the Upswing: 1976 – 1980s

In 1976, EG & G environmental division evolved into a comprehensive resource efficiency operation providing complete oceanographic, atmospheric, and geophysical analysis rather than concentrating on environmental compliance languishing after the oil embargo by conserving resources, operations could more easily achieve pollution and waste reduction targets.

EG & G port development was unable to use nuclear devices to carve custom designed harbors, became a world leader in oceanographic studies and channel engineering by designing numerous tanker ports in the Persian Gulf and bauxite harbors in South America.

In 1979, U.S. President Jimmy Carter asked Bernard O’Keefe to serve as Chairman for the Synthetic Fuels Corporation of the U.S. government. Having already been asked to serve on a transition team for then presidential candidate Ronald Reagan, O’Keefe refused President Carter’s offer.

With the election of U.S. President Ronald Reagan in 1980, the United States took a sudden turn toward military armament programs.

EG & G experienced a resurgence in its flagging nuclear testing business and was tapped to develop a number of new nuclear weapons systems, including, the:

MX nuclear underground mobile railroad missile; and, Strategic Defense Initiative ( SDI ) – Star Wars Program.

A self-described “card carrying member of the military-industrial complex,” Bernard O’Keefe wrote in his book “Nuclear Hostages” that the United States and the Soviet Union were deadlocked in a nuclear arms race neither could control. Ironically, EG & G remained deeply involved in a number of Reagan administration projects O’Keefe opposed, including:

MX nuclear underground mobile railroad missile; Neutron bomb; and, Europe nuclear missile weapon stationings.

Nevertheless, EG & G pre-tax operating profit doubled from the new business.

EG & G also became involved in the space shuttle program, checking the spacecraft electrical components, loading its fuel, and managing the Cape Canaveral, Florida space center during shuttle missions.

EG & G site management abilities won it a position with the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ) elite Nuclear Emergency Search Team ( NEST ) which investigated nuclear extortion threats.

The company also won a contract to manage the U.S. government troubled Rocky Flats installation outside Denver, Colorado facility, widely criticized under ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL for mismanagement, manufacturing nuclear weapon triggers.

EG & G maintained its momentum throughout the 1980s, winning contracts from diverse governmental agencies, including, the:

U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ); U.S. Army; U.S. Air Force; U.S. Department of Defense; and, U.S. Customs Service ( now U.S. Department of Homeland Security ).

In 1988 the company hit a record high for both sales and earnings.

O’Keefe retired from EG & G during this period of strong growth, and was succeeded by John M. Kucharski.

Rapid Diversification: 1990s

Under U.S. President George Bush, and with the subsequent collapse of the Soviet military threat, the number of EG & G nuclear test projects decreased significantly.

As such, EG & G was under pressure to cultivate profitable new commercial ventures to offset the loss of revenue from military contracts.

The company responded rapidly, entering new commercial markets via a series of acquisitions.

One of the first acquisitions of the 1990s was ELECTRO-OPTICS, the optoelectronics business of GENERAL ELECTRIC ( GE ) Canada.

GENERAL ELECTRIC ELECTRO-OPTICS designed and produced advanced semiconductor emitters and detectors for defense, space, telecommunications, and industrial applications.

Other new ventures followed quickly:

WALLAC Group ( Finland-based ), which produced analytical and diagnostic systems;

IC SENSORS, a maker of sensing devices for industrial, automotive, medical, and aerospace uses; and,

NoVOCs Inc., an environmental remediation specialist.

In 1994, facing legal pressure from activists’ groups, EG & G announced that it would discontinue its nuclear-related endeavors as its various existing contracts expired. 1994, the company undertook a major reorganization to accommodate its newly acquired interests and the discontinuation of its nuclear business.

One important area of focus for the company was its Instruments division, which was rapidly becoming a leader in the field of weapons and explosives screening systems. After providing x-ray machines and metal detectors for the Democratic and Republican national conventions in 1992, the company won a contract to supply state-of-the-art explosives detection systems for U.S. federal courthouses across the nation. A subsequent contract with the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) called for ten ( 10 ) of the most advanced explosives detection systems of EG & G for screening checked baggage in airports.

In 1998, EG & G president and CEO John M. Kucharski was replaced by Gregory Summe ( former president of ALLIEDSIGNAL INC. Automotive Products Group ) known for his ability to streamline and consolidate technology businesses.

He assumed his new position with the twin ( 2 ) goals, of:

1. improving operational efficiency; and,

2. restructuring EG & G portfolio, sharpen the focus on identified high-growth markets.

One of his first efforts toward better operational efficiency was to consolidate all EG & G’s business into five ( 5 ) independent strategic business units:

Life Sciences; Instruments; Engineered Products; Optoelectronics; and,Technical Services.

The company also began repositioning its portfolio by liquidating assets that fell outside these growth areas and making acquisitions that strengthened the EG & G position within its identified markets.

This strategy led to the largest acquisition in the company’s history:

LUMEN TECHNOLOGIES.

Lumen, purchased for $250,000,000 million in December 1998, was known globally as a producer of ‘specialty lighting’.

Lumen acquisition served to strengthen the company’s existing position in the medical lighting market, while at the same time allowing it entry into the areas of video and entertainment lighting.

Looking to the Future –

The consolidation efforts that Summe’s management team initiated in 1998 were expected to continue, with the goal of streamlining sites, functions, and processes so as to reduce operating costs and improve quality, consistency, and response time.

The company intended to continue its focused acquisition strategy.

It also planned to continue aggressively developing and marketing new products in its various divisions. Some of the products expected to be introduced were high-volume, cost-effective systems for drug screening, and a Point of Care system that allowed diagnosticians to determine whether or not a patient had suffered a heart attack in just 15-minutes.

In addition to introducing new products, the company also anticipated an increased emphasis on product line extensions and renewals.

EG& G Principal ( Primary List – Public ) Subsidiaries:

EG & G Alabama Inc.; EG & G ASTROPHYSICS ( England ); EG & G ATP GmbH ( Germany ); EG & G ATP GmbH & Co. Automotive Testing Papenburg KG ( Germany ); EG & G Automotive Research Inc.; EG & G CALIFORNIA INC.; EG & G Benelux BV ( Netherlands ); EG & G Canada Investments Inc.; EG & G Canada Limited; EG & G DEFENSE MATERIALS INC.; EG & G do Brasil Ltda.; EG & G E.C. ( UK ); EG & G Emissions Testing Services Inc.; EG & G ENERGY MEASUREMENTS INC.; EG & G Exporters Ltd. ( U.S. Virgin Islands ); EG & G Florida Inc.; EG & G GmbH. ( Germany ); EG & G HOLDINGS INC.; EG & G Hong Kong Ltd.; EG & G IC Sensors Inc.; EG & G Idaho Inc.; EG & G Information Technologies Inc.; EG & G Instruments GmbH. ( Germany ); EG & G Instruments International Ltd.; EG & G Instruments Inc.; EG & G International Ltd.; EG & G Japan Inc. ( USA ); EG & G Judson InfaRed Inc.; EG & G KT AEROFAB INC.; EG & G Langley Inc.; EG & G Ltd. ( UK ); EG & G Management Services of San Antonio Inc.; EG & G Management Systems Inc.; EG & G Missouri Metals Shaping Company Inc.; EG & G Mound Applied Technologies Inc.; EG & G Omni Inc.; EG & G Pressure Science Inc.; EG & G Singapore Pte Ltd.; EG & G SPECIAL PROJECTS INC.; EG & G Star City Inc.; EG & G S.A. ( France ); EG & G SpA ( Italy ); EG & G Technical Services of West Virginia Inc.; EG & G Vactec Philippines Ltd.; EG & G Ventures Inc.; EG & G Watertown Inc.; ANTARTIC SUPPORT ASSOCIATES ( Columbia ); B.A.I. GmbH. ( Germany ); Benelux Analytical Instruments S.A. ( Belgium; 92.3% ); Berthold A.G. ( Switzerland ); Berthold Analytical Instruments Inc.; Berthold France S.A. ( 80% ); Berthold GmbH & Co. KG ( Germany ); Biozone Oy ( Finland ); EC III Inc. ( Mexico; 49% ); Eagle EG & G Inc.; Eagle EG & G Aerospace Co. Ltd.; Heimann Optoelectronics GmbH ( Germany ); Heimann Shenzhen Optoelectronics Co. Ltd. ( China ); NOK EG & G Optoelectronics Corp. ( Japan; 49% ); PRIBORI Oy ( Russia ); PT EG & G Heimann Optoelectronics ( Singapore ); RETICON CORP.; Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Inc.; Science Support Corporation; SEIKO EG & G CO. LTD. ( Japan; 49% ); SHANGHAI EG & G RETICON OPTOELECTRONICS CO. LTD.; Societe Civile Immoiliere ( France; 82.5% ); THE LAUNCH SUPPORT CO. L.C.; VACTEC INC.; WALLAC ADL AG ( Germany ); WALLAC ADL GmbH ( Germany ); WALLAC A/S; WALLAC Holding GmbH ( Germany ); WALLAC Norge AS ( Norway ); WALLAC Oy ( Finland ); WALLAC SVERIGE AB ( Sweden ); WALLAC INC.; WELLESLEY B.V. ( Netherlands ); WRIGHT COMPONENTS INC.; ZAO PRIBORI.

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PART 5

Research –

Keywords:

BaneBerry; Buggy; Cannikin; Dribble; Gnome; HardTack II; Hood; Pile Driver; PlumbBob; Roller Coaster; Rulison; Sedan; Shoal; Strategic Petroleum Reserve Operation ( SPRO ); Vela Uniform; Nuclear Rocket Development Station ( NRDS ); Kit Carson National Forest ( 10DEC67 ) – GasBuggy; Kit Carson National Forest ( AUG79 ) – Schneider’ Borehole Geophysics; Four-Dimensional Process Monitoring.

– –

– Pittman Station ( Henderson, Nevada ) USAF personnel support for Area 51. – PAX = Pittman Air Station ( USAF ) – PAD = Area 51 Test Site – Personnel Response Phrase For Area 51 ( Nevada ) Access Entry: “I work for ‘EG And G’ at the ‘Site’.”

– –

DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE ( DRI ), New Mexico.

– –

Not likely places to be visited by many of us are those secretly hidden underground, and even more-so underwater – since at least the 1930s.

Superpower nations have reigned supreme based on financial support for programs and projects worked on by some citizens holding ‘deep underground secrets’ hidden for decades by governments reasoning to such workers that their work has been done to protect ‘people’ and ‘property’ – all “in the interest of national security.”

Rarely do ‘government contract worker ants’ ( citizens ) ever realize ‘what it is’ we need to be protected from, and all anyone can think is that it is something bad we could imagine while never being able to comprehend anything ‘unimaginable’ we need protection from. Do any of us really want to know what ‘that is’, which we’re supposedly being protected against?

This report covers ‘unexplainable encounters’ governments decline to publicly explain. Events, buried over time and matters long forgotten about from most memories, that-is until recent events began unfolding a few, putting old stories thought-of as ’myths’ back into perspective today.

Some noteworthy facts, still remain ”classified’ and ‘locked away’ by high level authorities. Some, never revealed on television, motion picture films, books, or newspapers may now be reviewed through selected intelligence bits ‘n pieces ( below ) that may begin to dawn on some of us recalling having once heard of something about one or more but could not recall the source or details.

Legacy reports and more ( below ):

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1975 – California ( Southern and Northern ) and Oregon ( Southern )

California Floats On Ocean?

John J. Williams of CONSUMERTRONICS CO. ( Alamogordo, New Mexico, USA ), said:

“Some time ago, I heard ( on a television interview show ) a man briefly mention that parts of California ( and neighboring states ) are floating on the Pacific Ocean.  He was a high ranking U.S. Navy officer aboard a top secret nuclear submarine that has been ( and is ) ‘exploring’ and ‘mapping’ enormous caverns and passageways underneath the Western U.S. for over 10-years now. A friend of mine finally tracked down the man who is now quietly living in retirement and asked that no details pointing to him be revealed as he does not want publicity and government attention. After writing this article, I destroyed my files on him.  This is his story.”

Williams explained that ‘not all’ areas in-question are actually ‘resting’ or “floating” on the ocean.

Many subterranean cavities are located beneath the western United States but not limited to just “California,” and consist of very large water-filled aquasystem passageways are explored up to several hundred miles inland, by nuclear-powered submarine, particularly in regions of southern California, northern California and southern Oregon.

Williams continues, “…When this U.S. Navy officer retired ( several years ago ), in spite of about 10-years of intensive U.S. Naval Oceanographic study, the U.S. Navy had still not gotten even a handle on their [ subterranean waterway passageway cavaties ] exacts [ oceanographic coordinates ] and dimensions. Today, the story may be different. He [ U.S. Navy officer, retired ] made the following statements from his observations:

1. These passageways are labyrinths with widths from a few [ feet ] up to thousands of feet wide, averaging roughly about a 100-feet across [ wet caverns ];

2. Much like dry caverns, heights and depths vary a great deal, and in some cases two [ 2 ] or more ‘caverns or passageways pass over or under each other’ at different depths;

3. Most of the underwater entrances lie just off the Continental Shelf;

4. Most of the underwater entrances are ‘too small for submarine investigation’, but many that are large enough lie in waters that are too deep [ ultra deep sea ];

5. Some of the caverns ( in southern California ) are topped by oil while others are filled with gases believed approximate to our atmosphere [ in very ancient times ];

6. The San Joaquin Valley [ California ] is essentially a portion of the original cavernous area that collapsed eons ago due to it’s sheer weight;

7. What is being passed-off as the “San Andreas Fault” are large unsupported chambers [ caverns ] that are in the process of collapsing.  When the ‘big one’ [ earthquake ] finally hits, many scientists in the know believe that most of California will break off like a cold Hershey bar [ chocolate candy bar ] and slide into the ocean.

8. [ this item was later deleted due to the individual’s fear that disclosure may in-part – due to recent ( 1985 ) international events – disturb a resolution to the feared problem, a similar scenario to that portrayed in a James Bond motion picture film depicting underground caverns, silicon valley technologies, nuclear weapons, and the San Andreas fault. ];

9. A well known U.S. nuclear submarine lost its way, within these passageways, resulting in its disappearance, but publicly reported as lost amidst open sea elsewhere using a recovery effort cover [ GLOMAR ( Global Marine ) Explorer ];

Williams continued, “I have no reason to doubt the man.  I can’t tell for sure whether or not these caverns and passageways exist or to their extent.  The story does sound a bit fantastic but I have no reason to doubt the man [ retired U.S. Navy officer ].  I have seen copies of documentation at least proving he was a high ranking U.S. Navy officer with nuclear-powered submarine duty, and a distinguished scientist. His scientific background and reputation are impeccable.  He definitely cannot be labeled as a crackpot, lunatic or publicity seeker.

I would very much like more information on this topic …”

Upon further inquiries, by ‘inner earth’ researchers, John J. Williams responded with the following when asked whether or not he [ Williams ] had received any replies to his request for more information about the alleged subterranean aquasystem passageways below California:

“Since publishing our article on the vast cavern network under much of California, we have received many responses and inquiries.  Some of these responses appear to have been from knowledgeable sources.  Note that the material sent to us for this article was written by someone of very high repute whose credentials I personally checked out.  Due to an agreement with him, I cannot reveal his identity.”

John J. Williams continued, “One response was from a retired submarine U.S. Navy Commander claiming to have spent many years in the waters off California and that such caverns do ‘not’ exist. Another response was from an anonymous person who cited unpublished oil company seismographic data stated, ‘Although most of the caverns you depict in your drawing are smaller, larger or located somewhat differently than the actual caverns, you are essentially correct … My information is more up-to-date than what you apparently relied upon.’  He ( or she ) did not supply any maps to pin down our differences, just some written descriptions, however some knowledgeable person could probably deduce his ( or her ) overall ‘map’ from the voluminous seismographic data sent.  I am in the process of looking for this input; it’s been several years now and it may have all been thrown out … Incidentally, the oil company seismic data had much data around the City of Fresno in Central California area if that helps any.”

1970s – California, County of Los Angeles, City of Long Beach

“One incident, which may lend credence to California floating on the ocean was a newspaper story that made ( in recent years ) headlines ( The Press Telegram newspaper of Long Beach, California ) involving an oil discovery beneath Long Beach, California as oil companies pumped oil out-of the ground the entire City of Long Beach began to sink up to 26-feet into the Pacific Ocean, and dikes had to be built to keep the seawater out.  The problem was ( temporarily ) being resolved by ‘water injection’ ( i.e. pumping an equivalent amount of water into the ground caverns to replace the amount of oil removed, in order to keep the City of Long Beach, California afloat.”

1963 April 23 – SubOceania      One note of interest, in connection with the account of John J. Williams, was a statement made by Virginia Louise Swanson, a prominent investigator of the California elusive creature known as “Bigfoot,” a huge hairy creature that walks upright. Virginia L. Swanson has performed considerale studies on cave connections in relationship to the Bigfoot phenomena and its ability to hide so well, and refers to these California dry cavernous openings saying, “Somewhere I got the idea that a big portion of Death Valley [ California ] is located on a shelf of ‘false bedrock’.  A certain type of earthquake would collapse all of it down to an enormous series of caverns that would open-up into another Grand Canyon [ Arizona ].”      According to our knowledge, the only nuclear-powered submarines to ever disappear – under mysterious circumstances – were the USS SCORPION or USS THRESHER.

It is uncertain whether the retired U.S. Navy officer, who John J. Williams spoke of, was referring to the USS SCORPION or USS THRESHER, although the USS THRESHER disappearance caused more publicity as a Flagship, the World’s most advanced class nuclear attack submarine designed to operate deeper in sea depths and more silent ( noise reduction propeller screws ) than any of its predecessor submarine vessels, The U.S.S. THRESHER was also endowed with highly significant advanced sonar equipment, fire-control systems, and was the most advanced international submarine in the World at the time of its disappearance so, it could have easily been an ideal choice as a U.S. Naval Oceanographic underwater global exploratory vessel missioned top secret for caverns mentioned by the U.S. Navy officer earlier interviewed by John Williams.

On April 10, 1963 the USS THRESHER, under command of U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander John W. Harvey, a total of 129 men comprised of the ‘crew’, ‘civilian technicians’, and ‘observers’ – according to official government reports – disappeared without any explanation, trace or clue as to the fate of the vessel or occupants, nothing was ever recovered, and no indications of any oil slicks, radiation, floating debris, or similar signs of wreckage were ever seen.

It is interesting to note that, at the time almost all reports stated the USS THRESHER “disappeared” or was “lost” but no reports indicated it was “sunk” [ or “buried” or “captured” ].

One woman, whose husband was on the ill-fated USS THRESHER, reported she believed her husband was still alive.

Theologically speaking, the possibility of a long distance connection or “communion” on a deep emotional level between a husband and a wife may not always be consigned to the realm of the occult or psychic phenomena.  Many religions believe the very spiritual natures of a husband and a wife are united upon consummation of a marriage and thus become as Christian teachings indicate, “one flesh”.

The actual words of this woman, interviewed by William Carson and Jeannie Joy – two [ 2 ] writers [ columnists for Search Magazine ] devoted to pursuing strange events – shortly after the USS THRESHER disappearance, were as follows:

“My husband was on the submarine THREASHER when it disappeared.  I don’t consider myself a widow.  I don’t believe my husband is dead.  No, it’s not a matter of just not being able to believe it, to accept reality, I just can’t get over the conviction that he’s still alive somewhere.  I love my husband very much.  I know he loved – loves me.  We were very close.  We could always tell when something was wrong with each other.  Intuition, I guess.  I should have felt something the instant there was trouble, if he was really in serious trouble and knew it – a matter of life and death – but I didn’t.”

“What do you believe really happened?” Carson and Joy asked the attractive young woman.

“Most people think I’m crazy when I say this, but I believe the THRESHER was captured.”

“By whom?”

“I can’t say for sure, but there ‘was’ a Russian submarine spotted near there that day ( near ‘where it reportedly vanished 220-miles off Boston harbor ), only I can’t imagine how even the Russians could ‘capture’ a vessel like the THRESHER without leaving the slightest evidence!”

1989 – California, County of Inyo, City of Deep Springs ( east of Owens Valley and Bishop, CA ) and Nevada, Las Vegas

The following account, concerning an area just east of Owens Valley in Bishop, California was related by Val Valerian in his ‘Leading Edge’ newsletter ( December 1989 – January 1990 issue ) article entitled “Deep Springs, California,” stated:

“Deep Springs, California is an area that is becoming known as the site for very strange events.  According to the information released both on the air of KVEG AM radio and from other sources, the area is full of strange people wandering around in black suits. There have also been rumors that there is an underground facility in the area.

Checking with gravity anomaly maps proved that there are large cavities under the ground in that area. The wildest claims relative to the area have stated that alien life-forms are being released there … Deep Springs Lake has been probed and it appears bottomless.

Divers have traveled along an underground river 27-miles toward the Las Vegas, Nevada area before having to turn around.”

1963 – California, County of Inyo-Kern, Bishop & Casa Diablo

In the April 1963 issue of Search Magazine, investigative reporters William Carson and Jeannie Joy, in their regular column ( “Prying Into The Unknown” ) relayed the following information:

“It has always been a mystery to us, in the first place, how Mr. and Mrs. P.E. [ names excised for privacy ] can find and afford the time to do the sort of things most of us only dream of doing.  After knowing them for more than 15-years, it is inconceivable to suspect their integrity or sanity – and yet they impose the following excise upon our credulity.

While exploring for petroglyphs, in the Casa Diablo vicinity of Bishop, California Mr. & Mrs. P.E. came upon a circular hole in the ground, about 9-feet in diameter, which exuded a sulfurous steam and seemed recently to have been filled with hot water.  A few feet from the surface the shaft took a tangent course which looked easily accessible and, upon an impulse with which we cannot sympathize, the dauntless E.’s – armed only with a flashlight – forthwith crawled down into that hole. At a depth we’ve failed to record the oblique tunnel opened into a horizontal corridor whose dripping walls, now encrusted with minerals, could only have been carved by human hands, countless ages ago; of this the E.’s felt certain.

The end of the short passage was blocked by what seemed to be a huge doorway of solid rock which, however, wouldn’t yield.  Their flashlight was turned to a corner where water dripped from a protuberance, which proved to be a delicately carved face, distorted now by the crystallized minerals, and from whose gaping mouth water issued.

As Mr. and Mrs. E. stood there in silent awe – wondering what lay behind that immovable door – the strangest thing of all happened … but our chronology will not be incorrect if we wait until they return to the surface before revealing this, for now the water began gushing from the carved mouth and from other unseen ducts elsewhere in that cave and rising at an alarming rate. They hurried to the surface, and in less than 30-minutes there was only a quite ordinary appearing pool of warm mineral water on the desert floor.

‘Do you know,’ Mrs. E. said to her husband, ‘while I stood down there I heard music – the strangest, most weird music I’d ever heard.  But it seemed to come from everywhere at once or from inside my own head.  I guess it was just my imagination.’

Mr. E. turned pale. ‘My God,’ he said, ‘I thought it was my imagination but I heard it too – like music from some other world!’

Why do they call that rock formation – near where the E’s had their strange experience in Bishop, California – ” Casa Diablo ” [ known in English as ] “Devil House”? And why was that area [ County of Inyo ] named by the Indians as ” Inyo ” [ known in English as ] dwelling place of the great spirit?”

1991 – New Madrid Fault Area ( Central United States & Northeast Mexico )

– Typhlichthys Fish – Interwoven Immense Cave Systems ( Central United States & Southern United States – New Madrid Fault Area ) – Sotano de las Golondrinas Cave Hole ( Aquismo, S.L.P., MEXICO )      Erich A. Aggen Jr., in his article “Top Secret: Alien UFO Bases” ( Search Magazine issue Summer 1991 ), presented the following revelations concerning the UFO subterranean connection:

“A great deal of UFO research has also led to the conclusion that various … species of aliens have set up secret underground bases in the United States and other countries.  It is logical to assume that such bases have also been established elsewhere in the solar system.  If such bases exist, where would we find them?  Existing information allows us to make a few educated guesses.

Earth bases, underground, The dark, cavernous world beneath our feet is the source of many baffling mysteries. Clandestine UFO bases may be hidden deep within the earth in natural and/or artificial caverns.

As a former member of the National Speleological Society ( NSS ), I am well aware of the vast extent of cave systems within the United States.

In my own native state of Missouri, for example, there are over 2,500 known caves and dozens of new ones being discovered every year.  Many of these caves are intricately linked together by numerous passageways and interconnecting chambers.

One particular species of blind white ( albino ) cave fish, known as the TYPHLICHTHYS, has been found in many widely separated cave systems over several states.

Typhlichthys fish been found in caves that make a great arc through the states, of:

Kentucky; Indiana; Illinois; Missouri ( ‘under’ the Mississippi River ); Arkansas; and, Oklahoma

These states rest above one [ 1 ] immense cavern system that comprises a large area of ‘both’ the Central United States and Southern United States where many caves possess rooms hundreds of feet in length, width and height as huge natural caverns only reached and explored with the utmost skill and perseverance.

There are only a few thousand National Speleological Society ( NSS ) members in the U.S. and only a few hundred of this number are active spelunkers so, with few spread over such a large area only a very small fraction of the tens of thousands of known caves in the U.S. have been carefully mapped and explored while thousands of other caves remain undiscovered and unexplored.

Extensive evidence indicates caves in the U.S. may be connected with caves in other parts of the world.

In the Municipio de Aquismo, S.L.P. of Mexico, the cave known as ” Sotano de las Golondrinas ” [ known in English as ] “Basement of the Swallows ” reaches a depth of 1,100 feet ( 334 meters ).

The Sotano de las Golondrinas cave is actually a giant ‘sink hole’ or ‘hole in the ground’. Atop Sotano de las Golondrinas hole is a ‘near circular opening hundreds of feet in diameter that is impossible to climb down the sides of because the walls of the opening are too smooth and “belled-out” so, the only way to reach the bottom is to secure – at its top – a special rope over 1,100 feet long dropped into the sinkhole.

Underground explorers [ spelunkers ] must descend – into the Sotano de las Golondrinas yawning hole – one [ 1 ] person at a time, using special cave repelling gear and climbing techniques.  At the bottom of the Sotano de las Golondrinas hole are numerous ‘leads’ ( openings ) that feed into multiple different crevices, passageways, crawlways and rooms never mapped or investigated.

Sotano de las Golondrinas cave entrance is located in one of the most primitive and uncivilized areas of Mexico, and local inhabitants are afraid to approach the cave because they believe it is full of ‘evil spirits’ luring people to their deaths.  They tell stories of people mysteriously disappearing never to be heard from again while passing near the cave entrance.

These stories may be based more on fact than fiction as they are similar in some respects to UFO [ unidentified flying objects ] abduction reports.

Because of the Sotano de las Golondrinas huge hole size, remote location and unique geological structure it would be an ideal UFO [ unidentified flying objects ] base.  Naturally camouflaged caves, in other parts of the world, may serve as excellent natural bases, way-stations or depots for UFOs.

1968 December – Nevada and Canada

In December 1968, the ” SCHOONER EXPERIMENT ” was an underground nuclear test conducted that substantiates the theory that caves in North America and South America are intimately linked.

The Schooner Experiment was a 35-kiloton nuclear bomb exploded under the Nevada desert, however 5-days later and 1,000 miles further away in Canada 5-days test radiation levels rose up to 20 times greater than at the Nevada test site.  The only way the radioactive dust could have traveled that far is through an interconnected system of caves extending all the way from Nevada to Canada!”

1932 – California, Death Valley, Panamint Mountains

Bourke Lee authored the book, ‘Death Valley Men’ ( MacMillan Co., N.Y. 1932 ), wherein Chapter “Old Gold” described a conversation Bourke Lee had with a small group of Death Valley, California residents speaking of Native American Paihute Indian legends when two ( 2 ) men ( Jack and Bill ) began describing their experience with accidentally discovering an ‘underground city’ after one of them fell through the bottom of an old mine shaft near Wingate Pass where they began following a natural underground quay like tunnel system ( apparently formerly lit by subterranean gas light ) traveling 20-miles northward on an incline taking them to a higher level with an exit out onto a ledge looking about halfway down the slope of the eastern face of the Panamint Mountains, but back down within the tunnel system they came across a huge ancient underground cavern city that contained many sights, including several perfectly preserved mummified bodies ( mummies ) still wearing thick arm bands, gold spears, a ‘large polished round table’ within another huge ancient chamber, giant statues comprised of gold, stone vaults where ‘drawers’ were filled with a variety of precious gem stones and gold bars, stone doors perfectly counterweighted easy to open, amongst other amazing sights, as well as ‘extremely heavy stone wheelbarrows’ designed with scientific counterweight construction for perfect balance so they could easily be manipulated.

From the ledge, they could see Furnace Creek Ranch and its Arroyo ( a water wash ) below them in Death Valley where they realized it was formerly filled with water so, they concluded that having previously seen the underground city system of huge archway openings could have been ancient waterway docks for large boats.

Bourke Lee was further informed that they brought some of the treasure out of the caverns and tried to set up a deal with certain people, including scientists associated with the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE ( Washington, D.C. ) to garner assistance in further exploring and publicizing this ancient underground city as one of the wonders of the World, but there efforts ended in disappointment when a friend of theirs stole the treasure ( their ‘evidence’ ) and were consequently scoffed at and rejected by scientists because when the discoverers went to show the ‘mine’ entrance after a then apparent cloud-burst brought such severe rains upon the entire hillsides were washed down over entire countryside landscape areas rearranged to obscure the entrance location.

The last time Bourke Lee heard from his friends, Bill and Jack, they were preparing to climb the eastern face of the Panamint Mountains to locate the ancient tunnelled-out ledge opening – located half way up the side of that steep slope. Bourke Lee never saw or heard from his discoverer friends ( Jack and Bill ) again.

During their initial lengthy conversation with Bourke Lee, the two ( 2 ) discoverers ( Jack and Bill ) had previously ‘revealed secrets of the underground city’ to others, but they discussed many things, including:

An alleged ‘subterranean race’ living in deep underground caverns beneath the ‘former seabed floor area’ of what is now the desert area of Death Valley, California.

There was another conversation about a remarkable Native American ‘Paihute tribe legend’ similar to an ancient myth of Greece.

The Paihute legend surrounds the death of the wife of a tribal Chief who, according to Native American tradition, took a ‘spiritual journey to the underworld’ to locate her, and amazingly upon returning with her he forbiddenly ‘looked back’ and was then prevented from bring his wife the remainder of the back from the dead.

This would not be the same as a more tangible earlier report from the Native American Navaho indian Oga-Make who conveyed that a Native American Paihute indian tribal Chief was alleged to have been ‘physically’ taken into the Native American “Hav-musuv” tribe subterranean cities beneath the Panamint Mountains.

Paihute indian legends, of the Hav-musuvs indicate these ancient Panamint Mountain dwellers abandoned their ancient city within by migration deeper into larger caverns below.

Could these reports coincide with the Paihute legends of the Hav-musuvs?

Bourke Lee, discourse ( below ):

“… The ‘professor’, ‘Jack’ and ‘Bill’ sat in the little canvas house in ‘Emigrant Canyon’, and heard the legend all the way through.

The professor said, ‘That story, in its essentials, is the story of Orpheus and Eurydice.’ ( Greek mythology )

‘Yes,’ I said, ‘it’s also a Paiute legend. Some indians told that legend to ‘John Wesley Powell’ in the sixties.’ ( 1960s )

‘That’s very interesting,’ said the professor.  ‘It’s so close a parallel to Orpheus and Eurydice that the story might well have been lifted bodily from the Greeks.’

Jack said, ‘I wouldn’t be surprised.  I knew a Greek.  I forgot his name, but he ran a restaurant in almost every mining town I ever was in.  He was an extensive wanderer.  The Greeks are great travelers.’

Bill said, ‘They don’t mean restaurant Greeks.  The Greeks they’ve talked about have been dead for thousands of years.’

‘What of it?’ asked Jack, ‘maybe the early Greeks were great travelers, too.’

The professor said, ‘It’s very interesting.’

‘Now! About that tunnel,’ said Bill, with his forehead wrapped in a frown, ‘You said this indian went through a tunnel into a strange country, didn’t you?’

‘Yes,’ I said, ‘I think I called it a cave or a cavern, but I suppose a miner would call it a tunnel. Why?’

‘Here’s a funny thing,’ said Bill, ‘This Indian trapper living right across the canyon has a story about a tunnel, and it’s not 1,000 years old either. Tom Wilson told me that his grandfather went through this tunnel and disappeared. He was gone 3-years, and when he came back he said he’d been in a strange country living among strange people. That tunnel is supposed to be somewhere in the Panamints ( Panamint Mountains ) not awful far from where we’re sittin. Now! What do you make of that?’

Jack said, ‘I think Tom’s grandfather was an awful liar.’

I said, ‘Tom’s grandfather lived when the Paiutes ( Native American indian tribe ) were keeping their tribal lore alive. He probably knew the old legend.  Powell ( John Wesley Powell ) heard it in Nevada only 65-years ago.’

‘It’s very interesting,’ said the professor.

‘I got an idea about it,’ said Bill ( thoughtfully ), ‘Tom’s grandfather might have wandered into some tunnel all goofy from chewin’ jimson weed and then come out an found some early whites ( pioneer caucasian settlers ) and stayed with them. Tom told me that the people spoke a queer language and ate food that was new to his grandfather and wore leather clothes. They had horses and they had gold. It might have been a party in Panamint Valley, or even early explorers or early settlers in Owens Valley ( California ). How about that?’

Jack said, ‘Yeah. The Spaniards ( Spain ) were in here, too. So it might have been Spaniards ( Spanish ) or the early Greeks ( Greece ). And, where is this tunnel? And why did Tom’s grandfather have trouble speaking the language? This is an entirely different story than the one Buck told.  We are arriving at no place at all with these Indians and Greeks. To return – for a moment – to our discussion of geology, professor, ‘Have you been in Nevada much?’

From that point forward the conversation went onto another subject.

1970′s ( early ) – California, County of Kern, Garlock, Goler, and Mojave

An area in the [ southern California ] Mojave Desert region, that may connect to the U.S. Western Region subterranean ( subsurface ) drainage network, involves “Red Mountain” ( also known as the “Iron Mountain Range” ) [ 1-mile northwest from the old ghost town of Garlock, California ] where one [ 1 ] of its [ southeastern ] peaks in the “El Paso Mountains” – [ about 20-miles ] northeast of Mojave, California where there are many bizarre accounts connected with this mountain that apparently got it’s name in-part from the many old mines which can be found there, along with numerous natural cavities which open out to the surface in many different areas.

The area has allegedly been the site of certain activity concerning Native American Indian ritual and occult practices, as well as the site of alleged secret government activity, some of which reportedly involves the observation and monitoring of strange [ biological ] creatures and ‘automatons’ [ half and half, “Man-Machines” (aka) “Manchines” ] said to stealthily ( night cloakers ) emerge from seemingly out-of nowhere ( faint sound of electronic whirring ) that travels up and down and into the [ canyon ] areas on occasions.

Just exactly what these ‘bionic creatures’ are is uncertain, but some accounts indicate that they are dangerous!

Could it also be a ‘magnetic’ zone due to the high iron content [ within the “Iron Mountain” range ]?

During the early 1970′s, on ‘no less than’ two ( 2 ) seperate occassions have U.S. federal government employees mysteriously disappeared from ”Red Mountain” range areas, and not reported back for work the following day.

The second [ 2nd ] occassion was, when a U.S. government employee went missing while investigating the previous disappearance of the U.S. government employee during the first [ 1st ] occassion.

While all of the facts, surrounding United States missing federal employees were not released to the public, portions of information were discovered early-on into the case situation that was limitedly documented by a few additional facts:

… [ EDITED-OUT ] …

Some of this particular report is only held ‘in-part’ as ‘proprietary information’ by Kentron Intellect Research, and ‘officially’ in-full by the U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ), U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigations, and other U.S. government authorities governing release of sensitive information. ]

– West Virginia, County of Webster ( Northern )

Some years ago, a woman by the name of Joan Howard – at the time living in eastern Canada although originally from Britain ( UK ) – wrote a manuscript in which she described her own paranormal experiences with small “alien” entities.

Joan had experienced several UFO type abduction / encounters while at a very young age when she still lived in Britain ( UK ), and claimed to have had ‘psychic contact’ with [ biological ] beings that claimed to be of extraterrestrial origin.

These experiences were accompanied by a great deal of occult manifestations – such as poltergeist phenomena, psychic dreams, encounters with invisible entities, etc.

Joan even admitted that she often doubted the claims of these [ biological ] ‘beings’ – their actions being manipulative and just didn’t seem to coincide with their claims of being here as some kind-of ‘group of cosmic saviors’ to ‘lead humanity’ into a ‘New Age’ of ‘enlightenment’.

She also warned other researchers, to retain a “keen analytical mind” – when dealing with alien entities – so as not to fall under possible deception or manipulation.

Perhaps, as she suggested to others, they [ alien beings ] ‘might actually be here’ to ‘prepare for a future invasion of this planet’ and were merely ‘using her for various purposes to help prepare the way’, and that all of their ‘benevolence’ talk was just that – talk!

She ‘did’ describe vivid “dreams” in which she saw ‘alien craft hovering over major cities blasting frightened and terrified people in the streets’ with powerful ‘beam weapons’ – ‘dreams’, which she suggested, might be somewhat ‘prophetic’ in nature.

She described the [ biological ] entities as being small or dwarfs, yet was unsure whether they were human or not – although they ‘did’ attempt to pass themselves off as some type of ‘evolved human species’ – something which the ‘Grays’ [ biological alien beings ] have apparently done in order to break down any natural enmity which might prevent their ‘contactees’ or ‘abductees’ from receiving the lies which they intentionally fed them as part of their program of conquest and control.

Joan Howard, incidentally, wrote a privately published book, “The Space – Or Something – Connection,” which is referred to because it dealt with some experiences her husband had – shortly after she came to America.

In fact she devoted an entire chapter of her book ( “The Space – Or Something – Connection” ) to her husband’s account, which involved some incidents that took place while he was doing some field work for a certain company requiring a great deal of activity outdoors, and her husband and his co-workers travelled through some relatively unpopulated terrain in West Virginia regional areas between Newville, West Virginia ( Braxton County ) and Helvetia, West Virginia ( Randolph County ) general around northern Webster County, West Virginia where through mountains of rolling hill forests and wilderness he encountered some very strange things and heard accounts of strange cave related incidents from the locals.

During, which at one point, her husband claimed their group ran across what appeared to be a pipe sticking up from the ground – far away from the nearest town – where there was no other sign of civilization or anything man-made for miles on either side; yet here was this large pipe or tube sticking straight up from the ground.

The most remarkable thing about the pipe was that a flame of fire was shooting straight up out-of the pipe as if it were burning-off some type of gas – they never found out just what it was – but it was ‘within this same general area’ they explored ‘caverns’ containing unexplained issues.

One ( 1 ) of the caves displayed strange hieroglyphic writings on its walls, according to some men, while others claimed also hearing faint volumes of voices – behind the walls of the cave, in-addition to faint sounds – coming from beneath the cave floor – as though machines were moving around within ‘underground’ depths.

Her husband claimed, that after a long work day in the field, one evening two ( 2 ) men fell asleep at the mouth of one particular cave that inside ( a great distance away ) contained an unexplored but apparently very deep chasm ( hole ), and the following morning one ( 1 ) of the two ( 2 ) men awoke ( in front of that cave ) but found his partner had disappeared – no trace was ever found of that missing employee.

That particular cave had been known as a place of unusual occurrences, and a place to stay away from. Some even went so far as to call it “Satan’s Lair.”   Whatever the case circumstances may actually be, all the aforementioned information may provide some additional awareness into what may have surrounded that employee’s disappearance.

One of the most remarkable accounts that Joan Howard’s husband heard involved a man claiming, that while exploring labyrinth depths of a particular cavern in the same area of north Webster County, West Virginia ( USA ), he suddenly came face to face with an attractive woman completely void of any hair on her head, and the woman spoke in a language completely foreign to the man – whereupon after unsuccessfully trying at great lengths to communicate with each other they departed and went their separate ways.

1989 – California ( Southern )

On November 3rd, 1989 Ken Hudnell, a well-known Los Angeles, California radio talk show host announced – over broadcast airwaves – his intention to take a group to visit ‘one of the ancient underground cities’ that had an ‘entrance’ located 60-miles from Anaheim, California. ( The Leading Edge Magazine )

1962 – California ( City of Mojave ), Nevada ( Carson City ), Utah ( Zion Canyon ) and Arizona ( Page )

During the 1940′s, one of the few specialized publications – that grew out-of the Palmer – Shaver ( Richard S. Shaver ) controversy – was The Hidden World ( issue A-8 ) reporting about a letter released from Charles Edwards ( aka ) Chuck Edwards, a researcher, surrounding what many people ( especially those throughout southern California ) have believed for decades based on having been officially told the United States Western Regional area subterranean drainage ultimately all flows into the Pacific Ocean.      Later, in 1962, Chuck Edwards released some of his own discoveries surrounding the “Western Subsurface Drainage Network” ( i.e. southern California, Nevada, and Utah ) that ‘does not’ “ultimately flow into the Pacific Ocean,” but actually flows ‘underground’ through a ‘vast subterranean network drainage system’ dumping elsewhere.

Addressed to Richard S. Shaver, the Chuck Edwards’ letter reply is quoted ( below ):

“This letter is in reply to your January 31 letter.  Please forgive me for not answering sooner.  Enclosed is some material I hope that you can glean something of value [ from ].  Please be as candid as you have been in the past and if I am far off base don’t hesitate to tell me. …

Our foundation has located a vast system of underground passages in the Mother Lode country of California. They were first discovered in 1936, ignored by all even with our best efforts to reveal them.

Recently a road crew blasted out an opening verifying our claims. One [ of the chambers is ] 200-feet long, 70-feet wide and 50-feet high.

We have disclosed what we believe to be a vast subterranean drainage system ( probably traversing the Great American Desert country for a distance of more than 600-miles ).

We believe this system extends out like five [ 5 ] fingers of your hand to such landmarks as Zion Canyon in Utah, the Grand Canyon [ Arizona ], another runs south from the Carson Sink in Nevada, and yet another follows [ below ] the western slope of the same range – joining it’s counterpart and ending somewhere in the Mojave Desert [ southern California ].

We believe – contrary to orthodox geologists – that the existence of this underground system, drains all surface waters running into Nevada ( none, with the exception of the Armagosa, runs out ) and accounts for the fact that it is a Great American Desert. The hairy creatures, that you have written about, have been seen in several of these areas. Certainly there has been much ‘saucer’ [ UFO ] activity in these parts. For 2-years, I have collected material pertinent to these creatures and if you have any opinions along these lines I would appreciate hearing them.

So much for now.  I hope that I am still your friend.

Much of my time has been devoted [ to ] helping a farmer near Portland [ Oregon ] who has made a fantastic discovery of incredible stone artifacts. He has several tons of them. They predate anything yet found ( or accepted ) let us say that for now.

We are making slow but steady progress in getting through the wall of orthodoxy.

– Chuck Edwards”

1946 – California ( Northern ), Mt. Lassen, Cascade Mountains, Cascadia Fault, Oregon, Washington and Canada ( British Columbia )

Following the Sierra Nevada [ mountain ] range from here [ California ] into the northern territories, one arrives at the Cascade Range [ mountains ], consisting mostly of dormant or extinct volcanic mountains rising at intervals through the U.S. northern State of California, Oregon, Washington, and into southwestern Canada.

The Cascade Range [ Cascadia Fault zone ] is not without it’s own peculiar accounts of subterranean recesses occupied by unknown beings – both human and non-human – apparently rediscovering what are portions of ancient antediluvian underground networks, which some say were inhabited by a race of intelligent [ biological ] but war-like hybrid reptiles genetically resembling instances of humanoid shapes.

There are many unanswered questions as to just how the subsurface world was used or exactly what role it may have played in relation to subterranean ancient legends of inhabitant races, but the following account may explain some mysteries by envisioning a clearer and broader perspective.

Around September 1946, Ralph B. Fields submitted his account to Amazing Stories Magazine ( December 1946 issue, pp. 155-157 ), with the assurance that it actually happened and his facts were true, as follows:

“In beginning this narrative and the unexplained events that befell my friend and myself, I offer no explanation, nor do I even profess to offer any reason.  In fact I have yet to find a clue that will even in part offer any explanation whatever. Yet as it did happen, there must be some rhyme or reason to the whole thing. It may be that someone can offer some helpful information to a problem that just should not exist in these times of enlightenment.

To begin with, if we had not been reading an article in a magazine telling us about the great value of guano, ( i.e. old cave bat excrement / dung droppings as being highly valued fertilizer ] that have accumulated over a great number of years, we would have continued to mend our merry way through life without ever having a thing to worry about. But having read the article as we were at the time living near a small town called Manten in Tehama County, California we thought that would be a good country to explore for a possible find of this kind.

After talking it over for some time, and as we had plenty of time just then, we decided to take a little trip up the country just back of us.

As we were almost at the foot of Mount Lassen, that seemed the best place to conduct our little prospecting tour.

Collecting a light camping outfit, together with a couple of tents to sleep in, we started out on what we expected to be a 3 or 4-day jaunt up the mountain … I guess we covered about 10 or 12-miles on the 3rd day and it was fast approaching time to begin to look for a place to spend the night and the thought was not very amusing as it had turned a little colder and we were well over 7,000 feet above sea level.

We soon found a sheltered place, beneath a large outcrop of rock, and set about making a camp.

As I was always the cook, and Joe the chore boy, I began getting things ready to fix us some grub. Joe began digging around for some dead scrub brush to burn.

I had things all ready and looked around for Joe and his firewood, but I could see no signs of him.

I began calling for him, and he soon came into sight from around the very rock where we were making our camp.

And I knew he was laboring under some great excitement and his face was lit up like a Christmas tree.

He had found a cave.

The entrance was on the other side, of that very rock.

He was all for exploration right away.

But I argued that we had better wait till morning.

But he argued that, in a cave it was always night and we would have to use flashlights anyway, so what would be the difference?

Well, we finally decided that we would give it at least a once-over after we had a bite to eat.

It wasn’t much to call a ‘cave’ – at first – as it had a very small entrance, but back about 20-feet it widened out to about 10-feet wide and around 8-feet high. And it did reach back a considerable distance as we would see at least 100-yards and it appeared to bend off to the left. The floor sloped slightly down. We followed to the bend and again we could see a long way ahead and down … At this point we became a little afraid as we were some way into the mountain …

I don’t know how far we went, but it must have been 1-mile or 2-miles, as we kept on walking and the cave never changed it’s contour or size. Noticing this I mentioned it to Joe.

And we discovered an amazing thing. The floor seemed to be worn smooth as though it had been used for a long time as a path or road. The walls and ceiling of the cave seemed to be cut like a tunnel. It was solid rock and we knew that no one would cut a tunnel there out of rock as there had been no sign of mining operations ( tailings ). And the rock in the walls and ceiling was run together like it had been melted. Or fused from a great heat.

[ UPI NOTE INSERT ( here ): It is believed the U.S. government possesses PlasMole ( aka ) “Terron Drive” ( ref.: Paul Peter Schneider ) tunneling machines that travel at 5-mph and can permeate – by melting – a 50-foot hole through solid rock. ]

While we were busy examining the cave in general, Joe swore he saw a light way down in the cave.

We started down the cave once more and found a light. Or should I say the light found us as it was suddenly flashed into our faces. We stood there blinded by it for a minute until I flashed my light at it’s source and saw we were confronted by three [ 3 ] men. These men looked to be about 50 or a little younger. They were dressed in ordinary clothing such as is worn by most working men in the locality. Levi type pants and flannel shirts and wool coats. They wore no hats. But their shoes looked strange as their soles were so thick that they gave the impression of being made of wood.

There stood three [ 3 ] men looking at us in a cave, 1-mile or so in the depths of old Mount Lassen … One of them spoke to us. He asked what we were looking for … we came to the conclusion that we had better retreat. Turning to go we were confronted by two [ 2 ] more of them. One of the strangers told us, ‘I think maybe you had better come with us.’ … So we permitted the five [ 5 ] to escort us deeper into the depths of old Mt. Lassen … They had led us farther down and I guess we had gone a couple more miles when we came to the first thing that really amazed us.”

We came to a place where the cavern widened out a little and we saw some kind of machine, if it can be called that. Though I had no chance to examine it closely at the time, I did later and it was a very strange contrivance. It had a very flat bottom, but the front was curved upward something like a toboggan. The bottom plate was about 8-inches thick and it was the color of pure copper. But it was very hard tempered. Although I have had a lot of experience in metals and alloys, I had no opportunity to examine it closely enough to determine just what it was. I doubt very much if I could.

It had a seat in the front directly behind a heavy dashboard affair and there was a dial shaped in a semi-circle with figures or markings on it. I had not the slightest idea what they stood for, but they were very simple to remember. If there was a motor, it was in the rear.

All I could see was two [ 2 ] horseshoe or magnet-shaped objects that faced each other with the round parts to the outside. When this thing was in operation, a ‘brilliant green arc’ seemed to leap between the two [ 2 ] and to continue to glow as it was in operation. The only sound it gave off was a hum or buzz that sounded like a battery charger in operation.

The seat in the front was very wide.

The only method of operation was a ‘black tear-shaped object’, which hung from the panel by a chain.

One [ 1 ] of these men – sitting in the middle – took this thing and touched the sharp end to the first [ 1st ] figure on the ‘left side’ of the dial.

When he touched the first [ 1st ] figure, the contraption seemed to move almost out from under us, but it was the smoothest and quietest take-off I ever experienced. We seemed to float. Not the slightest sound or vibration.

And after we had traveled for 1-minute he touched the ‘next [ 2nd ] figure’ on the dial and our speed increased at an alarming rate.

But when he had advanced the black object over past the center of the dial, our speed increased until I could hardly breathe.

I can’t begin to estimate the distance we had traveled or our speed, but it was terrific.

The two [ 2 ] horseshoe objects in the rear created a green light that somehow shone far ahead of us, lighting up the cavern for a long way.

I soon noticed a black line running down the center of the cavern and our ‘inner-mountain taxi’ seemed to follow that.

I don’t know how long we continued our mad ride, but it was long enough for us to become used to the terrific speed and we had just about overcome our fear of some kind of wreck when we were thrown into another spasm of fear. Another machine of the same type was approaching us head on. I could see that our captors were very nervous, but our speed continued.

As the other machine became closer our speed slowed down very fast and we came to a smooth stop about 2-feet from the front of the other machine.

Our machine had no sooner stopped than our captors leaped from the machine and started to dash away.

A ‘fine blue light’ leaped from the other machine in a ‘fine pencil beam’ and it’s sweep caught them and they fell to the cavern and lay still.

The figures dismounted from the other machine and came close to us.

Then I noticed they carried a strange object in their hands. It resembled a ‘fountain pen flashlight with a large round bulb-like affair on the back end and a grip’ – something like a German luger pistol.

They pointed them at us. After seeing what had happened to our erstwhile captors I thought that our turn was next, whatever it was.

But one [ 1 ] spoke to us.

“Are you surface people?”

I guess we are, as this is where we came from very recently.

“Where did the horlocks find you?”

If you mean those guys, I pointed to the five [ 5 ] motionless figures, back there a few hundred miles – I pointed toward the way we had come in our wild ride.

“You are very fortunate that we came this way,” ‘he’ told us, “You would have also become horlocks and then we would have had to kill you also.”

That was the first time I had realized that the others were dead. They put their strange weapons away and seemed friendly enough, so I ventured to ask them the who and why and everything we had run into.

I told them of our search for guano and how we had encountered the five [ 5 ] horlocks, as he called them, and asked ‘him’ about the machines, their operation and could we get out again?

He smiled and told us, “I could not tell you too much as you would not understand. There are so many things to explain and you could not grasp enough of what I could myself tell you. The ‘people on the surface’ are ‘not ready to have the things’ that ‘the ancients’ have left. Neither I nor any one in any of the caverns know why these things work, but we do know how to operate some of them. However, ‘there are a great many evil people here who create many unpleasant things for both us and the surface people’. They are safe because ‘no one on the surface believes us or them’. That is why I am telling you this. No one would believe that we exist. We would not care, but there are many things here that ‘the outer world must not have until they are ready to receive them’, as ‘they would completely destroy themselves, so ‘we must be sure that they do not find them’. As for the machine, I don’t know how it works, but I know some of the principles of it. It works simply by gravity. And it is capable of reverse. The bottom plate of it always is raised about 4-inches from the surface of the floor. That is why there is no friction and has such a smooth operation. This ‘object suspended from this chain is pure carbon’. It is the key to the entire operation. As I told you before, I cannot explain why it runs, but it does. We want you two [ 2 ] to ‘return to where you came’ and ‘forget about us’. We will show you ‘how to operate the sled’ and ‘we want you never again to enter the cave’. If you do – and you do not encounter the horlocks – we will have to do something about you ourselves so, ‘it would not be advisable to try to return at all events’. One thing I can tell you. ‘We never could permit you to leave another time’.”

He explained to us the operation of the machine and in some way reversed it’s direction.  So thanking them, we seated ourselves in the sled, as he had called it, and were soon on our way back.

Our return trip was really something we enjoyed, as I was sure not to advance the carbon far enough on the dial to give us such terrific speed, but we soon found ourselves where we started from.  The sled slid to a smooth stop and we jumped out and started up the cave afoot.

We must have walked a long way coming in, for we thought we never would come to the surface.  But at last we did.  And it was late afternoon when we emerged.

We lost no time in making our way down the mountain, and Joe tells me that he isn’t even curious about what is in that cave. But I am.

What is the answer to the whole thing?  I would like to know.

We had been told enough for me to believe that down there – somewhere – there are things that might baffle the greatest minds of this Earth. Sometimes I’m tempted to go back into that cave if I could find it again, which I doubt, but, then I know the warning I heard in there might be too true, so I guess I had better be of the same mind as Joe.  He says: ‘What we don’t know don’t hurt us’.

Regardless of Joe’s opinion, however, there is reason to believe that influences from these nether regions can and do affect “us” in a profound way, and even the men whom Ralph and Joe encountered, whoever they were, admitted this fact.

====

Submitted for review and commentary by,

Kentron Intellect Research Vault ( KIRV )
E-MAIL: KentronIntellectResearchVault@gmail.com
WWW: http://KentronIntellectResearchVault.WordPress.Com

Secret IT Directorate

CIA HQ former buildings

[ PHOTO ( above ): Former U.S. Central Intelligence Agency Headquarters ( click on image to greatly enlarge ) ]

Secret IT Directorate
by, Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV )

November 22, 2011 11:45:08 ( PST ) Updated ( Originally Published: October 25, 2010 )

USA, Menlo Park, California – November 22, 2010 – Some may not recall the ‘first public announcement ( 2000 )’ of the United States Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) ‘private business corporation’ having been referred to as the IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION INTERFACE CENTER (aka) QIC, it was however fomerly known as IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION, but ‘that company name’ was even formerly known as IN-Q-IT CORPORATION (  ’not’ to be confused with the INTUIT CORPORATION business of software application programs QuickBooks and TurboTax ), however the CIA ’reversed’ its previous private business name change decisions back to it now being known as the IN-Q-IT CORPORATION ( IN-Q-IT ) today. Clear as mud, right?

Some wonder whether ”IN-Q-IT” is even ‘really’ the ’true name’ of this CIA ‘private business’ company today, or whether – within the intelligence community pea ‘n shell game of names – other company subsidiary names may have developed, but for now the IN-Q-IT CORPORATION is ‘currently known’ as being the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) ‘venture capital’ private business corporation.

Important to understand precisely ‘what this CIA private business was supposed to be accomplishing’ versus ‘what the CIA actually did’ with its private business; more recently, however ’what it has become’ and ‘what it is supposed to be accomplishing’ today and for the future.

The curious state of affairs sees no one knowing anything more about the CIA QIC ( IN-Q-TEL Interface Center ) private business corporation than a few did when it began, but ‘now’ no one is even required to inform the public with an accounting to justify anything surrounding it. Why? Because it was meant to be a ‘private business’ company, ‘not’ a U.S. government entity, and ‘that’ was ‘how’ the CIA created it to remain – outside anyone’s purview – for a rather ‘complex’ reason.

The only method, by which an ‘even more complete’ and ‘even more accurate assessment’ may be formulated for an ’even more thorough understanding’ is quite involved and may at times be highly complex. One must not only review ‘multiple facet areas’ this CIA ‘private business company was originally designed to tackle but more-so what it was supposed to accomplish, and from within ‘both’ of those areas, go on to ’realize precisely’ what ‘were’ and ‘still are’ today’s “problem sets” facing the CIA and just ‘how’ they are juggling it all.

Some believe ‘members’ of U.S. Congressional committees’ and subcommittees’ ‘oversight’ had to attend ‘special educational lessons’ designed by the CIA. Did key members of Congress attend what basically amounted to a CIA ‘school’?

The CIA Congressional school was believed non-existent by many left to see other less palatable theories develop into the U.S. Congress having simply tired over too numerous CIA complex oversight reviews – and so much so that Congress relagated its own authority over to CIA in what some believed tantamount to the CIA ‘fox’ guarding its own global-sized intelligence ‘chicken coop’.

Some may now be enlightened to understand what the United States Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) decidely phrased as its own ”radical departure” away-from what it perceived as ‘inefficient economic budget support’ for solving its own ’quantum complexities’ within ’highly specific areas’ – still ‘classified’ in the interest of ‘national security’ – burdensomely producing an exponential growth of new ”problem sets” the CIA would only publicly explain – in the most general of terms – as such ‘experienced from within un-named areas’ of ‘science and technology research and development applications’ that the CIA was decidely viewing to establish ‘limits upon’ and go on to a’simultaneously’ establish as ‘marketable derivatives’ it called ”products” that CIA Office of Science and Technology ( S&T ) oversight could ‘manage distribution of information knowledge’ from but on an ‘in-exchange’ contractual agreement basis with ‘cooperative’ “private sector” ‘individuals’, ‘businesses’,  ’institutions’ and ‘organizations’ and thereby ‘establish who held proprietary keys’ to ‘special skill sets’ of what was already protected ’intellectual property rights’ of “existing” technology and CIA global establishment over all ”emerging” ( new upcoming future ) technology proprietary rights by sole marketeering ‘special talents’ and ‘special services’ could be harvested where incredible amounts of ‘profit’ could also be harnessed ( absorbed ) by the CIA.

To many of entrepeneurial independent spirit this CIA QIC private business corporation appeared, in-essence, out-of nowhere, like a new Borg structure infringing on private freedoms of what few once experienced of global marketplace past, and to others CIA QIC tenor was too Godfather-like – making people and entities an offer they couldn’t refuse. While the CIA foresaw such rumors and speculation coming,  in reality, what ‘was’ the ‘CIA’ doing by opening-up ‘its own private business corporation’?

Visionary dreams may be able to see the United States Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) ‘shed’ its ’government skin’ to become the ‘world’s largest multi-national corporation’ holding the ‘world’s largest monopoly’ on information technology ( IT ) research and development direction of much of the world’s finest talent resources, i.e. private ‘individuals’, ‘businesses’, ‘institutions’ and ‘organizations’ independently operating outside U.S. Congress ‘oversight, budget justification and related constraints’. Such clever restructuring in-place, CIA would cease to exist as the public knows it today, technically – by legal definition – becoming a wholly-owned ’non-profit organization’ – no longer requiring U.S. Department of the Treasury tax dollar funding. Set free, a new type of CIA would exist with ‘self-determined financing’ and stock market trading profits derived from a host of private sector corporate ‘mergers and acquisitions’ ( M&A ).

While surface dreams of such visionaries might at-first appear ingenious ‘how’ was ‘all’ this ‘actually assembled’?

Before 1999, it took the CIA Office of Legal Counsel less than 1-year to research various United States laws to locate legacy technicality provisions that the U. S. Congress approved allowing the CIA to exercise its own ”radical departure” plan.

By 2000, ’reality’ saw the fetal stages of this CIA private bussiness venture plan developing, leaving the public without hearing anymore further about its progress.

Some believed an ‘initial public offering’ ( IPO ) paying dividends to private individual investors and corporate trading of shares of ‘stock’ in what could have been misconstrued as potentially being the world’s largest ‘insider trading scheme’ headache of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) whose predictives could only imagine manage the envelopment of multiple new technology area companies trading on ’stock exchange’ floors that could potentially carry forward ‘mutual profit secrets’ paying more funds than anticipated into the CIA private business plan – a “radical departure” away from what otherwise had long been understood as the status quo of world trading – where embarrassing implications might turn’terrorist fund reduction measures’ into ‘profits derived from CIA led secret private business developments in high technology products’. Could such a “radical departure” plan backfire or morphotherwise ’unsophisticated terrorists’ – utilizing improvised munition missions – into a new more powerful community of ’uncooperative competitive business terrorists’? Perhaps.

Implications of a CIA private business group of subsidiary businesses trading stock on ‘open stock market exchanges’ around the world could create an entirely ’new form of intelligence blowback’ of staggering global socio-economic business proportions for future generations.

Today, no overall clear pictures exist on what still remains cloaked in secrets – albeit ’government’ or ‘private’ – where outside both domains this CIA private business enterprise continues growing. But, in which directions?

Prior to 2001, the new CIA plan became a ’high-directional multi-tiered simulataneous growth-oriented economic support expansion’ for and of ‘key-critical secret-sensitive advanced “information technology” ( IT ) derivatives ( “products” )’ that could ‘only be implimented’ by the CIA “identifying” ( targeting ) and “partnering” ( obtaining ) ’exisiting information’ and ‘information tasking ability quotients’ from “global” ( worldwide ) “private sector” masses – an ”infinite” ( unlimited ) supply of ‘private individuals’, ‘private businesses’ and ‘institutions’ to become ‘dedicated taskers’ of controlled CIA “problem sets.”

The CIA private business futures would depend on successful simultaneous utilization of exercising better economic sense to its maximum potential immediately alongside highly specific advanced technological enhancements the United States ’intelligence community’ would be grown under a new ‘broad term secrecy’ commonly known but hidden within what the CIA termed only as ”information technology” ( IT ) that would necessarily require CIA controlled ’targeting’, ‘shaping’ and ‘acquisition’ of a plethora of private business sector information technology ( IT ) application research and development.

Truely a ”radical departure,” as the CIA publicly alluded to, when describing its ‘new mission focus’ – solving CIA “problem sets.”

Although CIA controlled ’special technology’ research and development ( R&D ) was on ‘applications’ that later becale known as ” Commercial Off The Shelf ” ( C.O.T.S. / COTS ) ‘products’ that were in-essence – during early stage informational development – the cruxt of what the CIA wanted presented on its ‘table’ whereupon the CIA would legitimatize and manage ‘mass information exchanges’ the CIA would ’trade’ for ‘other valuable considerations’ but to only a select few ‘private companies’ ( e.g. LOCKHEED, LUCENT, PHILIPS, AT&T, et al. ) that would in-return be ‘capable of offering’ through only ’United States government qualified’ contractual agreement exchanges of whatever the CIA deemed these companies ’could place of further interest’ or ’further the duration of continuing to provide’ what these select private ‘individuals’, ‘companies’, ‘institutions’ and ‘organizations’ were ‘already providing under U.S. government contract agreement harvests’.

The public, however only understood ‘press reports’ that kept all of the aforementioned very ’simple’ – indicating in the vaguest of terms – that ‘products would eventually be sold’ ”through the private sector.”

Secret-sensitive ‘products’, that were in all actuality ‘technological breakthroughs’ were to be traded between CIA selected and controlled business stock holdings, and the CIA IN-Q-TEL INTERFACE CENTER ( QIC ) would privately and thereby secretly manipulate all technology funds derived from what the CIA QIC publicly referred to as those being its ‘partners’ and ‘other vendors’ that would remain ’outside the purview U. S. Congress government budget oversight’ where all private companies remain to enjoy unfettered privledges of privacy.

By utilizing U.S. Department of the Treasury government tax funds – for U.S. government contract agreement funding to ‘private business partners’ – the United States Federal Reserve System follows in CIA footpath lock-step by ’mirroring’ private bank wire transfer monies directed and then redirected through a long chain series of foreign corporation named offshore bank accounts secretly routed back into the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) IN-Q-IT CORPORATION (aka) QIC  private business enterprise handling ‘venture capital’ where new project funding amounts may be decidely broken down into smaller amounts or pooled into much larger amounts for dispersals to clandestine other secret-sensitive intelligence programs, projects and/or operations that gain the strength to easily remain ‘outside U.S. Congress intelligence oversight board committees and subcommittee scrutinization.

Directorate Central Intelligence ( DCI ) ochestral management arrangements within its IN-Q-IT INTERFACE CENTER ( QIC ) realizes from foreign historical prospectives that when a private business exercises ‘en masse privatized mind teams’ to understands today’s falabilities in-keeping with human frailties encountering CIA inherent procedural compartmentalization of secrets rule ( no “talking around” ) requiring those of such outside each task to be unable to quickly assemble an ‘overall picture’ of what overall CIA plans consist of – at least that’s how it’s supposed to work but rarely does – so, while that alone ( in and of itself ), became a “problem set” to solve that drastic measures needed taking. Hence, the CIA “radical departure” plan has another design serving to counteract intelligence information leaks.

Ingenious, is a very small word to describe even one ( 1 ) facet of this CIA private business plan where the public has its limited understanding confusingly ’shifted from what it perceives to be government secrets’ moved rapidly back and forth between ‘private sector secrets’ in what only but a few perceive to be a ‘new wave intelligence form’ or ‘combinatoric intelligence structuring’ producing a shield ( shell ) to protect even more secrets actually beneath what has become a new globally flexible CIA layered support group strengthening.

As an extremely large ’black budget’ intelligence missions funding source, CIA IN-Q-TEL INTERFACE CENTER would only be the recipient of limited and toned recommendations supplied by the QIC Board of Advisors ( CIA headquarters ) as measures to be reviewed for eventual implimentation by the QIC Board of Trustees for the essential discretionary manipulation of sophisticated:

1. Technologies [ i.e. XEROX PARC RESEARCH CENTER, et al. ];

2. Vendors [ i.e. LOCKHEED, et al. ];

2. Debt [ i.e. TELECREDIT INC., et al. ];

3. Capital [ i.e. MARSH & MCLENNAN CAPITAL INC. ];

4. Stock Market Trading [ i.e. GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. ]; plus,

5. More.

The report ( below ) shows ‘whom’ were initially placed in ‘experienced authoritative positions’ and shows ’whom’ were chosen as ’senior level executive advisors’, all selectively chosen by the CIA pulling them from ‘key critical private businesses’ to ‘guide’ the private U.S. Central Intelligence Agency business venture.

Such should really come as no surprise, at least to those understanding mechanics of international business, trading and finance where all domestic and foreign bank account transactions are mirrored under oversight by the United States Federal Reserve System ( FED ) and U.S. Securities And Exchange Commission ( SEC ), the latter two ( 2 ) of which are ‘overseen’ by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ).

This information was dervived from, outside ’market sensitive‘ ( stock market trading ) material, a Critical Sensitive National Security report [ August 13, 2001 ] of the U.S. Congress, House of Representatives Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations ( Subcommittee ) of the Committee on Financial Services relying on information supplied by, amongst others, the SEC Divisions of Enforcement and Corporation Finance, Offices of the Chief Accountant, General Counsel, Compliance, Inspections and Examinations, Office of the Comptroller, Office of Economic Analysis, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ).

But, is all this ‘really going on’? See full report ( below ).

– – – –

Courtesy: Unwanted Publicity Information Group

Source: X-CIA Files [ now defunct MSN Group website ]

 

 

 

CIA Sends Hi-Tech Tsunami Warnings by, X-CIA Files – Staff Writer [ AnExCIA@bluewin.ch ]

March 12, 1999

USA, California, Menlo Park – The first ‘publicly open contract’ between a so-called ‘private firm’ partnering with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) where the private corporation whose CIA members conceived and funded it is known as the In-Q-Tel Corporation was formerly known as the In-Q-It Corporation.

In-Q-Tel is actually one of many CIA private-sector business partners, which is not all that uncommon a partnership, like what the CIA has had for decades with the MITRE CORPORATION (USA), BELL LABORATORIES ( Canada ), and TRW Power Thrusting Division ( Hawthorne, California, USA ), remote control center for CIA maneuvering Tracking Data and Relay Satellites ( TDRS ) and the Killer HUGHES ( KH-11 ) anti-satellite satellite ( space born destructive laser platform ) series.

The publicly revealed partnership between the CIA and IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION has sent another tsunami warning to Japan at its NIPPON ELECTRIC CORPORATION ( NEC ) high-technology monopoly, that has been right on the heels of advanced high-technology advancements seen within the RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK ( North Carolina, USA ).

There is some doubt and controversy though between what the CIA says In-Q-Tel is, verses what Q-In-Tel says it is.

CIA claims ( on its website ) that Q-In-Tel is a “‘non-profit’ organization.”

IN-Q-TEL states it has had ’profitability in-mind for quite some time’.

Let’s see what the facts reveal (below), allowing casual observers to make up their own minds about just what IN-Q-TEL ‘really is’:

The In-Q-Tel Heirarchy

CIA IN-Q-TEL INTERFACE CENTER ( QIC ) players are stacked-up on a list that reads like something out-of a Robert Ludlum novel – filled with international intrigue high-tech corporatarchy.

CIA IN-Q-TEL INTERFACE CENTER ( QIC ) Board of Trustees is a Who’s-Who of ‘big corporate’ America:

– Gilman Louie, CEO of IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION, most recently was HASBRO INTERACTIVE Chief Creative Officer and General Manager of the GAMES.COM group ( responsible for creating the HASBRO internet game site ), previously serving as Chairman of the Board of MICROPOSE, CEO and Chairman of SPECTRUM HOLOBYTE, CEO of SPHERE INC., and is on the Boards of Directors of numerous software firms.;

– Lee Ault, Chairman, former Chairman and CEO of TELECREDIT INC.;

– Norman Augustine, former Chairman and CEO of LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION;

– John Seely Brown, Chief Scientist, XEROX CORPORATION and President, XEROX PARC RESEARCH CENTER;

– Michael Crow, Executive Vice Provost of Columbia University;

– Stephen Friedman, Senior Principal of MARSH & MCLENNAN CAPITAL INC., and former Chairman of GOLDMAN SACHS AND CO.;

– Paul Kaminski, former U.S. Department Of Defense ( DoD ) Undersecretary for the U.S. Defense Acquisition and Technology Office, President and CEO of TECHNOVATIONS INC., and Senior Partner in GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY PARTNERS;

– Jeong Kim, President of CARRIER NETWORK, part of the LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, and former founder of YURIE SYSTEMS;

– John McMahon, former Deputy Director of U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ), former President and CEO of LOCKHEED MISSILE & SPACE COMPANY, and consultant to LOCKHEED-MARTIN CORPORATION;

– Alex Mandl, Chairman and CEO of TELIGENT, and former President and CEO of AT&T; and,

– William Perry, former U.S. Department Of Defense Secretary and currently Berberian Professor at Leiland Stanford University.

New CIA Use Of In-Q-Tel Interface Center ( QI.C )

In-Q-Tel is a new non-profit corporation funded by the CIA to seek Information Technology ( IT ) solutions to the Agency’s most critical needs. A unique venture, was formed to enable the Agency ( CIA ) to have access to ‘emerging and developing information technology’ in a timely manner.

QIC ( IN-Q-TEL INTERFACE CENTER ) is the ‘interface center’ linking the IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION to the Agency ( CIA ).

QIC – CIA Function

QIC develops a problem set for In-Q-Tel, partners with In-Q-Tel in the solution acceptance process and manages the Agency’s relationship with In-Q-Tel.

QIC plans and evaluates the partnership program, protects CIA security and CIA counter-intelligence interests and communicates the QIC / In-Q-Tel venture to the World.

CIA – QIC Function

The CIA, working in partnership with IN-Q-TEL, created the Agency’s ( CIA ) new found organization QIC.

QIC goals now, are to be the leading source for commercial, high impact IT solutions for the Agency ( CIA ), and will be herald as the single most important contributor to the Intelligence Community by the year 2001. QIC will create and use the full range of corporate processes needed to manage QIC (aka) the ” CIA-In-Q-Tel Partnership ” by delivering CIA-accepted IT solutions.

CIA Goals With QIC

Eventually, IN-Q-TEL will take on a life funded by the high-technology consumer public. QIC ( IN-Q-TEL Interface Center ) however, works comprehensively and collaboratively with Agency ( CIA ) IT specialists, customers, IN-Q-TEL experts, Agency ( CIA ) managers, the Chief Information Officer, the Chief Technology Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Agency directorates, and Executive Board to develop an annual coordinated and approved critical ‘problem set’ for IN-Q-TEL.

QIC, leads Agency participation in the partnership’s solution transfer planning, including resources, technology demonstration, and prototype testing and evaluation.

At the same time, QIC works with In-Q-Tel to assure that it addresses issues regarding the transfer of IT solutions into the Agency. QIC also works with Agency customers and their managers to create an environment conducive to the implementation and acceptance of partnership solutions and follow-on initiative.

In-Q-Tel Background

On September 29, 1999 the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was treated to something different. In many of the nation’s leading newspapers and television news programs a story line had appeared that complimented the Agency for its creativity and openness.

The media was drawn to a small corporation in Washington, D.C. that had just unveiled its existence and the hiring of its first CEO, Gilman Louie who described the Corporation called, the “IN-Q-IT CORPORATION“, as having been formed “…to ensure that the CIA remains at the cutting edge of information technology advances and capabilities.”

With that statement the Agency ( CIA ) launched a new era in ‘how it obtains cutting-edge technologies’.

In early January 2000, the name of the corporation ( IN-Q-IT CORPORATION ) was changed to IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION.

The ‘origins of the concept’ that has become IN-Q-TEL are traceable to Dr. Ruth David, former CIA Deputy Director for Science and Technology.

She and CIA Science And Technology Deputy Director, Joanne Isham, were the first senior Agency ( CIA ) officials to understand that the information revolution required the CIA to forge ‘new partnerships’ with the ‘private sector’ and ‘design a proposal for radical change’.

The timing of the proposal was fortuitous.

CIA Director of Central Intelligence ( DCI ), Mr. George Tenet, had just launched his own Strategic Direction Initiative ( SDI) – also known as “Star Wars“ – included technology as one of its areas for review.

The study made a direct link between Agency ( CIA ) ‘future technology investments’ and ‘improving’ its ‘information gathering’ and ‘analysis capabilities’.

By the summer of 1998, the Agency ( CIA ) had assembled a few senior Agency ( CIA ) ‘staff employees with an entrepreneurial bent’ and ‘empowered them’ to take the Dr. Ruth David original concept and flesh it out.

Aided by a ‘consulting group’ and a ‘law firm’, they ( CIA ) devoted the next 4-months to making the rounds in Silicon Valley ( California ) – and elsewhere – putting the concept through the wringer. Much of the ‘time was spent listening’.

Many they met with were often critical of one aspect or another of the concept.

But, whether they were ‘venture capitalists’, Chief Executive Officers ( CEO ), Chief Technical Officers ( CTO ) or men of Congress and staffers, all eagerly immersed themselves in spirited debates that enriched the Agency ( CIA ) team and ‘drove the concept in new directions’.

By the end of 1998, the Agency  CIA ) team reached a point at which the concept seemed about right.

Though’ it had changed considerably’ from that which had been proposed initially by Dr. Ruth David, it remained true to its core principles.

It was time to hand the ‘product’ of the Agency ( CIA ) work over to someone in the ‘private sector’ with the ‘experience’ and passion necessary ‘to start the Corporation’.

To the delight of the DCI and Agency ( CIA ) team, Norman Augustine, a former CEO of LOCKHEED-MARTIN and 4-time recipient of the Department of Defense highest civilian award, the Distinguished Service Medal, accepted the challenge.

By February 1999, the Corporation was established as a legal entity, and in March [ 1999 ] it [ IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION ] received its first [ 1st ] contract from the Agency ( CIA ). In-Q-Tel was in business, charged with ‘accessing information technology ( IT ) expertise and technology wherever it existed’ and brought it to bear on the’ information management’ challenges facing the Agency ( CIA ).

In-Q-Tel Creation

As an information based agency, the CIA must be at the cutting edge of information technology in order to maintain its competitive edge and provide its customers with intelligence that is both timely and relevant.

Many times the Agency and the federal government have been the catalysts for technological innovations. Examples of Agency ( CIA ) inspired breakthroughs, include the LOCKHEED AEROSPACE aircraft designed U-2 ( Dragon Lady ) and SR-71 ( Black Bird )reconnaissance aircraft and the CORONA ‘surveillance’ satellites, while the ‘parent of the Internet’ [ Advanced Research Projects Agency (aka) ARPA.NET ] was led forward with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ).

By the 1990s, however – especially with the advent of the World Wide Web – the ‘commercial market’ was setting the pace in IT innovation.

And, as is the nature of a market-based economy, the ‘flow of capital’ and ‘talent’ has irresistibly ‘moved to the commercial sector’ where the prospect of huge profits from ‘initial public offerings‘ ( IPO ) and ‘equity-based compensation‘ has become ‘the norm’.

In contrast to the remarkable transformations taking place in Silicon Valley ( California ) and elsewhere, the Agency ( CIA ) – like many large Cold War era ‘private sector corporations’ – felt itself being ‘left behind’. It ( CIA ) was not connected to the creative forces that underpin the digital economy.

And, of equal importance, many in Silicon Valley ( California ) knew little about the Agency ( CIA ) IT ( information technology ) needs.

The opportunities and challenges posed by the information revolution to the Agency ( CIA ) core mission areas of ‘clandestine collection’ and ‘all-source analysis’ were growing daily.

Moreover, the [ CIA ] challenges are not merely from foreign countries, but also ‘transnational threats’.

Faced with these realities [ by 1997 ], the leadership of the CIA made a critical and strategic decision in early 1998.

The Agency’s leadership recognized that the CIA did not, and could not, compete for IT ( information technology ) innovation and talent with the same speed and agility that those in the ‘commercial marketplace’, whose businesses are driven by “Internet time” and ‘profit’, could.

The CIA mission ‘was’ intelligence collection and analysis, not IT innovation.

The leadership also understood that, in order to extend its reach and access a broad network of IT innovators, the Agency had to step outside of itself and appear not just as a buyer of IT but also as a seller.

The CIA had to offer Silicon Valley ( County of Santa Clara, California ) something of value, a business model that the Valley [ Silicon Valley ] understood; a model that ‘provides’ – for those who joined hands ( became partner affiliates ) with IN-Q-TEL – the ‘opportunity to commercialize’ their ‘innovations’. In addition, IN-Q-TEL ‘partner companies’ would also ‘gain another valuable asset’, access to very difficult CIA ‘problem sets’ that could become ‘market drivers’.

Once the Agency ( CIA ) leadership crossed these critical decision points, the path leading to IN-Q-TEL formation was clear.

In-Q-Tel – Close-Up

In-Q-Tel founder, Norm Augustine, established it as an independent non-profit corporation.

Its Board of Trustees, which now has 10 members, functions as any other board, initially guiding and overseeing the Corporation’s startup activities and setting its strategic direction and policies.

The CEO, who was ‘recruited’ by the Board [ Board of Trustees for IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION ], reports to them [ Board of Trustees for IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION ], and ‘manages’ IN-Q-TEL.

The Corporation [ IN-Q-TEL ] has offices in two ( 2 ) locations:

1. Washington, D.C.; and,

2. Menlo Park, California [ Silicon Valley ].

It [ IN-Q-TEL ] employs a ‘small professional staff’ and a ‘smaller group’ of ‘business consultants’ and ‘technology consultants’.

In-Q-Tel’s mission is to foster the development of new and ‘emerging information technologies’ and pursue ‘research and development’ ( R&D ) that produce solutions to some of the most difficult IT [ information technology ] problems facing the CIA.

To accomplish this, the Corporation [ IN-Q-TEL ] will network extensively with those in ‘industry’, the ‘venture capital’ community, academia, and any ‘others’ who are at the ‘forefront of IT [ information technology ] innovation’.

Through the business relationships that it establishes, In-Q-Tel will create environments for collaboration, product demonstration, prototyping, and evaluation.

From these activities will flow the IT solutions that the Agency ( CIA ) seeks and, ‘most importantly’, the ‘commercial opportunities’ for ‘product development’ by its ‘partners’.

To fulfill its mission, In-Q-Tel has designed itself to be:

– Agile to respond, rapidly to Agency needs and commercial imperatives;

– Problem driven, to link its work to Agency program managers;

– Solutions focused, to improve the Agency’s capabilities;

– Team oriented, to bring diverse participation and synergy to projects;

– Technology aware, to identify, leverage, and integrate existing products and solutions;

– Output measured, to produce quantifiable results;

– Innovative, to reach beyond the existing state-of-the-art in IT; and,

– Over time, self-sustaining, to reduce its reliance on CIA funding.

At its core, In-Q-Tel is designed to operate in the market place on an equal footing with its commercial peers and with the speed and agility that the IT world demands.

As an example, it [ IN-Q-TEL ] can ‘effect the full range of business transactions‘ common to the industry – it is ‘venture [ venture capital ] enabled’, can ‘establish joint ventures‘, ‘fund grants [ grant funding ]‘, sponsor open competitions, ‘award sole source contracts‘, etc. And, ‘because of the many degrees of freedom granted to it‘ [ IN-Q-TEL ] by the Agency ( CIA ), IN-Q-TEL ‘does not require Agency ( CIA ) approval for business deals it negotiates‘.

As such, In-Q-Tel represents a different approach to government R&D.

It [ IN-Q-TEL ] ‘moves away from the more traditional government project’ office model in which the program is managed by the government.

Instead, the Agency ( CIA ) has invested much of the decision-making in the Corporation [ IN-Q-TEL ].

Hence, In-Q-Tel will be judged on the outcomes produced, i.e. the solutions generated, and not by the many decisions it makes along the way.

In-Q-Tel – IT Space

As with many aspects of the In-Q-Tel venture, the Agency took a different approach in presenting its IT needs to the Corporation. It bounded the types of work that In-Q-Tel would perform – its IT operating “space” – by two ( 2 ) criteria:

In the first [ 1st ] instance, it made the decision that In-Q-Tel would initially conduct only unclassified IT work for the Agency ( CIA ).

Second [ 2nd ], to attract the interests of the private sector, it recognized that IN-Q-TEL would ‘principally invest in areas’ where there was both an Agency ( CIA ) need and ‘private sector interest’.

Whereas in the past, much of the commercial computing world did not focus on those technologies useful to the CIA, the intersection zone between intelligence and private sector IT needs has grown tremendously in recent years.

Many of the underlying technologies that are driving the information revolution are now directly applicable to the intelligence business. Examples of commercial applications that also support intelligence functions are:

1. Data warehousing and data mining; 2. Knowledge management; 3. Profiling search agents [ Search Engines and User search requests ]; 4. Geographic information systems [ Satellite Communication Information Systems ]; 5. Imagery analysis and pattern recognition; 6. Statistical data analysis tools; 7. Language translation; 8. Targeted information systems; 9. Mobile computing; and, 10. Secure computing.

Information Security or INFOSEC, a critical enabling technology for all intelligence information systems, is now a mainstream area of research and innovation in the commercial world, due in no small part to the exponential growth in Internet e-commerce.

Thus, there are a number of commercially available security technologies:

1. Strong encryption; 2. Secure community of interests; 3. Authentication and access control; 4. Auditing and reporting; 5. Data integrity; 6. Digital signatures; 7. Centralized security administration; 8. Remote users or traveling users; and, 9. Unitary log-in.

It is, no doubt, the case that the commercial investments flowing into information security outpace the spending made by the Intelligence Community.

Thus, In-Q-Tel will be poised to ‘leverage the investments of others to the benefit of the Agency ( CIA )‘.

Having bounded In-Q-Tel’s IT space with these 2 criteria – ‘unclassified work’ with ‘commercial potential’ – the Agency defined a set of strategic problem areas for the Corporation.

These four ( 4 ) areas have the added and obvious benefit of spanning the needs of all the Agency’s directorates and, hence, its core business functions of collection and analysis:

1. Information Security: Hardening, and intrusion detection, monitoring and profiling of information use and misuse, and network and data protection.;

2. Use of the Internet: Secure receipt of information, non-observable surfing, authentication, content verification, and hacker resistance.;

3. Distributed Architectures: Methods to interface with custom / legacy systems, mechanisms to allow dissimilar applications to interact, automatic handling of archived data, and connectivity across a wide range of environments.; and,

4. Knowledge Generation: Geospatial data fusion and multimedia data fusion or integration and, computer forensics.

Information Technology ( IT ) In-Q-Tel – CIA Occupancy

It will no doubt raise questions with some who will believe that it or the Agency ( CIA ) have other motives.

It is, therefore, important to highlight ‘what In-Q-Tel is not’ and what it [ IN-Q-TEL ] will not do.

First, it is not a front company for the Agency ( CIA ) to conduct any activities other than those spelled out in its Articles of Incorporation and its Charter Agreement.

As a non-profit – 501(c)3 – corporation, it will operate in full compliance with the Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) regulations and, as with all similar non-profits, its IRS filing will be a matter public record.

In-Q-Tel is ‘openly affiliated with the Agency ( CIA )’, as was made obvious to the world during its press rollout on September 29, 1999.

Of equal importance, it will not initiate work in areas that lead to solutions that are put into so-called “black boxes” – that is, innovations that the government subsequently classifies. To do so would undercut In-Q-Tel credibility with its business partners to the detriment of the Agency.

Finally, IN-Q-TELis a solutions company‘, ‘not a product company‘.

Working through its business partners, it will demonstrate solutions to Agency problems but will not generate products for use by Agency components.

In-Q-Tel ‘inspired products‘ will be ‘developed through separate contractual arrangements‘ involving Agency ( CIA ) ‘components‘ and ‘other vendors‘.

In-Q-Tel – Structure & Staffing

Central to the In-Q-Tel business model are speed, agility, market positioning, and leveraging.

These attributes, taken together, have helped shape the evolving structure of the Corporation. It is one that intends to emphasize the “virtual” nature of the Corporation while minimizing “brick and mortar” costs, i.e. it will operate by facilitating data sharing, and decisionmaking via seamless communications using a private network with broadband connectivity to the Agency and its partners, while limiting direct infrastructure investments in laboratories and related facilities by leveraging the facilities of others.

To facilitate this intent, the In-Q-Tel Board and CEO decided to hire a small staff composed of people with strong technical and business skills.

At present, the Corporation has about ten ( 10 ) staff employees and, it is expected that, by the end of the year 2000, the total will number about thirty ( 30 ).

The CEO is currently designing In-Q-Tel management structure, but the parameters he has set for it indicate that it will be very flat and aligned for rapid decision-making.

How In-Q-Tel Works

One of the great leaps of faith the Agency took in this venture was to recognize, early on, that private sector businessmen were better equipped than it was to design the Corporation and create its work program.

The Agency’s critical role was to develop the initial concept, help form the best Board possible, give IN-Q-TEL a challenging problem set, and then design a ‘contractual vehicle‘ that ‘gave‘ the [ CIA ] CorporationQIC ] the ‘necessary degrees of freedom to design itself and operate in the market place‘.

All of this was accomplished in less than 1-year, to include the design of In-Q-Tel’s initial work program. In-Q-Tel’s current work program is built on a process of discrete, yet overlapping, elements – IT roadmapping, IT baselining, and R&D projects.

The underlying philosophy now driving the In-Q-Tel program is to gain an understanding of the many players occupying In-Q-Tel’s IT space – by roadmap analysis – and, concurrently, test and validate the performance and utility of existing products and technologies – by baseline testing – against current Agency needs.

If the test results are successful, the Agency ( CIA ) has the ‘option’ of quickly ‘purchasing’ the ‘products’ directly ‘from the vendor’.

However, in those ‘cases where there are no existing products or technologies‘, or where a gap exists between the baseline test results and the Agency ( CIA ) needs, IN-Q-TEL will launch R&D projects.

In this way, the Agency ( CIA ) obtains near-term solutions through the evaluation of those products considered “best-in-class” and can target its R&D projects more precisely – that-is, to where ‘commercial‘ or ‘other government [ contract ] IT investments [ $ ] are small‘ or nonexistent.

With its first [ 1st ] year budget of about $28,000,000 million, In-Q-Tel has focused its initial efforts on the IT roadmap and baseline elements of the program.

The roadmap project seeks, first, to ‘identify those in industry, government, and academia who occupy the same IT space as In-Q-Tel’ and, secondarily, to ‘spot existing technologies of potential interest’.

The results will also help In-Q-Tel leverage the technical advances made by others, assess the overall direction and pace of research, avoid duplicating work done by other government entities, and highlight [ identify and target ] potential business partners. The roadmap will be updated and refined by In-Q-Tel throughout the life of its work program.

Two ( 2 ) Team Incubators & Twenty ( 20 ) Hi-Tech Firms [ Businesses ]

These twenty (20) are executing the baseline-testing element of the In-Q-Tel work program. They were selected by an independent review panel of national IT experts convened by In-Q-Tel to evaluate multiple proposals.

Each of the two ( 2 ) teams is working on one ( 1 ) or more ‘incubator concepts’ derived by In-Q-Tel from the Agency ( CIA ) ‘problem set‘ enumerated above. The incubator teams will operate for over a [ 1 ] year. As the In-Q-Tel work program grows, it is possible that other baseline incubator teams will be established.

The R&D part of the program, which In-Q-Tel manages, will soon become the core of its activities, with a growing percentage of its funds directed towards a portfolio of research projects. In-Q-Tel is formulating its research thrusts based on the information and test results gathered under the roadmap and baseline work, aided by extensive interactions with the private sector and the Agency.

The design of the research projects will be set by In-Q-Tel and will vary to meet the mutual interests of the Agency ( CIA ), In-Q-Tel, and its prospective business partners.

As mentioned earlier, In-Q-Tel will ‘draw from a broad range of R&D competition‘ models to attract the business partners it seeks.

In some cases, it may assemble teams of companies that each has a necessary part, but not the whole, of the solution In-Q-Tel seeks.

In ‘other projects’ IN-Q-TEL might be a co-investor in a fledgling company with another business partner such as a venture capital firm.

Or, it could take a more traditional route, using a request for proposal.

In essence, In-Q-Tel will use whatever model most efficiently and effectively meets the needs of all parties to a transaction, with a constant eye towards leveraging its resources and solving the Agency’s IT needs.

Common to most or all of the R&D agreements that In-Q-Tel intends to use will be the subject of intellectual property (IP), or more precisely said, the ownership of IP and the allocation of IP generated revenues.

In the area of IT R&D, a deal is typically not struck until all of the parties’ IP rights are clearly established.

In-Q-Tel’s acceptance within the IT market place depends heavily on its ability to negotiate industry standard IP terms.

Recognizing this, the Agency ( CIA ) agreement with In-Q-Tel allows it and/or its partners to retain title to the innovations created and freely negotiate the allocation of IP derived revenues.

The only major stipulation is that the Agency ( CIA ) retain traditional “government purpose rights” to the ‘innovations‘.

Contract Model – In-Q-Tel

Before the partnership between In-Q-Tel and the Agency became a reality, the Agency ( CIA ) had to develop a new contract vehicle that granted the Corporation [ QIC ] the degrees of freedom it needed to operate in the market place.

Most Agency ( CIA ) contracts, including those in R&D, are based on the Federal Acquisition Regulations ( FAR ), however FAR is often viewed by industry as overly burdensome and inflexible. And, it has been the U.S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) experience that smaller companies often will not contract with the government because of the extra costs they would incur to be FAR compliant.

Because the Agency ( CIA ) wanted to encourage such companies to work with In-Q-Tel, it took a different approach and designed a non-FAR agreement with the IN-Q-TEL CORPORATION.

It [ CIA ] also adopted elements from the old internet Godfather, i.e. Advanced Research Projects Agency or ARPA and its model based on “Other Transactions ( OT )” authority granted to the DoD [ U.S. Department of Defense ] by Congress [ U.S. Congress ].

OT [ Other Transaction ] agreements ‘permit authorized government agencies’ [ e.g. CIA ] to design R&D agreements outside the FAR.

The hoped for result is to spur greater flexibility and innovation for the government. In addition, it permits well-managed businesses, large and small, to perform R&D for the government, using their existing business practices and procedures.

Using an ARPA model OT agreement as a guide, the Agency ( CIA ) designed a 5-year Charter Agreement that describes the broad framework for its relationship with IN-Q-TEL, sets forth general policies, and establishes the terms and conditions that will apply to future contracts. In addition, a short-term funding contract was negotiated that includes In-Q-Tel’s “Description of Work”.

Together these documents define the metes and bounds of the Agency ( CIA ) relationship with In-Q-Tel and permit IN-Q-TEL to negotiate agreements with its partners, absent [ without ] most government flow down requirements.

In-Q-Tel – Advancements

The In-Q-Tel venture is one that has challenged the Agency to think creatively and quickly to address the fundamental changes that the information revolution is having on its core business.

It responded by setting aside traditional policies and practices in many areas and established a new partnership with industry and academia, based on shared interest and mutual benefit.

But, one cannot ignore that this venture involves risk, both for the Agency and In-Q-Tel. From the Agency’s perspective there are three ( 3 ) major areas that will require constant attention:

1. Managing its relationship with IN-Q-TEL;

2. Solution transfer; and,

3. Security.

Perhaps the most important of the three is the first, managing the relationship without stifling In-Q-Tel’s competitive edge.

IN-Q-TEL is a small independent corporation ‘established to improve the mission performance of a much larger government Agency‘. [ ? National Secruity Agency ( NSA ) ? ]

The imperatives that led to In-Q-Tel have many parallels in industry. In fact, the IT sector is replete with examples of a large corporation seeking to improve its competitiveness by either purchasing a small start-up company or forming a subsidiary.

The ‘parent corporation‘ [ ? ] sees in ‘its offspring‘ traits that it no longer possesses – speed, agility, and expertise. But, for these traits to be realized, ‘the start-up‘ must operate unencumbered from the ‘parent corporation‘ [ ? ], whose natural tendency is to rein in and control it.

Similarly, the Agency ( CIA ) will have to restrain its natural inclination to micromanage IN-Q-TEL and, instead, allow the Corporation [ QIC ] the freedom to prosper. It must have continuous insight into In-Q-Tel’s activities, but must understand that In-Q-Tel is responsible for its own operations, including the design and management of the work program.

Acceptance by Agency ( CIA ) components of In-Q-Tel inspired solutions will be the most important measure of success in this venture. It is also likely to be the hardest.

While there is every expectation that In-Q-Tel will become commercially successful and seed innovative solutions, if they are not accepted and used by Agency line managers, then the overall venture will be judged a failure.

Although In-Q-Tel has a critical role in the solution transfer process, the burden rests with the Agency, since the challenges are as much managerial and cultural as they are technical.

The Agency ( CIA ) Chief Information Officer ( CIO ), directorate heads, and component directors will all have to work closely with IN-Q-TEL to overcome bureaucratic inertia and identify eager recipients of the innovations that the Corporation develops.

Agency ( CIA ) “product champions” for each IN-Q-TEL project should be identified early and should participate fully in its formulation, testing, and evaluation. Incentives should be considered for those Agency ( CIA ) components that commit to projects with unique risks or that require extensive personnel commitments.

These and other strategies will be employed to ensure that the return on the Agency’s investment in In-Q-Tel translates into measurable improvements in its mission performance.

The open affiliation between the CIA and In-Q-Tel is yet another unique aspect and challenge for this venture. Although the Corporation [ QIC ]will be doing only unclassified work for the Agency ( CIA ), the nature of its IT research and its association with a US intelligence agency will undoubtedly attract the interests of foreign persons, some with questionable motives.

The obvious security ramifications of this scenario were well considered in the decisionmaking process that led to In-Q-Tel’s formation. It was ultimately decided that the risks are manageable and, in many ways, are similar to those faced by any high-tech company trying to protect its IP and trade secrets.

IN-Q-TEL and the Agency ( CIA ) will be working closely to ensure that the Corporation [ QIC ] operates with a high degree of security awareness and support.

In-Q-Tel has a critical role in meeting these three ( 3 ) challenges. However, it’s most persistent challenge will be developing and sustaining a reputation as a business that:

1. sponsors leading edge research;

2. produces discoveries; that can be,

3. profitably commercialized.

Once it has established a record of accomplishment in these two areas, the high caliber IT talent the Agency hopes to reach through In-Q-Tel will be drawn to the Corporation.

In-Q-Tel Future

Those of us at the Agency who helped to create In-Q-Tel are endlessly optimistic about its prospects for success. The early indicators are all positive. Among them is the caliber of the people who stand behind and lead the Corporation and the initial reaction from industry and the trade press to its formation.

IN-Q-TEL Board of Trustees is at least the equal of any large corporation’s board. They are committed to the Agency ( CIA ) mission, the new R&D model that IN-Q-TEL represents, and have invested much of their time to its formation.

The Agency and the nation are in their debt.

The Board [ IN-Q-TEL Board of Trustees ] also recruited an outstanding CEO who brings with him the ‘experiences’ and ‘contacts’ of his Silicon Valley [ California ] base and an established reputation for starting and growing new IT companies.

The favorable press coverage of In-Q-Tel combined with the industry “buzz” engendered by the Board and CEO have brought a flood of inquiries by those interested in doing business with the Corporation. And, most importantly, its work program is already beginning to achieve results that the Agency ( CIA ) can use and that its ( CIA ) partners can commercialize.

Judging by the record to date, the road ahead appears promising. But, In-Q-Tel’s fate also rests in part on those institutions charged with oversight of the Agency and its budget.

Congress has supported the Agency as it launched this new venture. The U.S. Congress “seeded the venture with start-up funding” when it was still in its conceptual phase, but asked hard questions of the Agency throughout the design and formation of In-Q-Tel.

Members understood that starting an enterprise such as IN-Q-TEL is ‘not risk free‘. As with all R&D efforts in government and industry, there will be some home run successes but also some failures. That is the price the Agency must be prepared to pay if it wants to stay on the leading edge of the IT revolution.

With In-Q-Tel’s help plus the continued support of Congress [ U.S. Congress ] and Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ), as well as from the traditional Agency ( CIA ) ‘contractor community‘ and ‘others‘, an “e-CIA” of the next century [ 21st Century ] will evolve quickly, to the benefit of the President and the national security community.

Notes Of Interest

For the next one ( 1 ) or two ( 2 ) years [ 1999 – 2000 ], IN-Q-TEL will accept work only from the CIA‘.

All solutions that it provides to the CIA will be made available to the entire Intelligence Community.

Codified in a 5-year Charter Agreement with the CIA and a 1-year funding contract that is renewable annually. As stipulated in the Charter Agreement, “…the Federal Government shall have a nonexclusive, nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice or have practiced for or on behalf of the United States the subject invention throughout the world for Government purposes”.

The Agency ( CIA ) component that has day-to-day responsibility for guiding the CIA relationship with IN-Q-TEL, including the ‘design and implementation of the contract’ and the ‘problem set’, is the IN-Q-TEL INTERFACE CENTER ( QIC ) which resides inside the CIA Directorate of Science and Technology.

Circa: 2002 – 2008

IN-Q-TEL INCORPORATED (aka) IN-Q-IT CORPORATION 2500 Sand Hill Road – Suite 113 Menlo Park, California 94025 – 7061 USA TEL: +1 (650) 234-8999 TEL: +1 (650) 234-8983 FAX: +1 (650) 234-8997 WWW: http://www.inqtel.com WWW: http://www.in-q-tel.org WWW: http://www.in-q-tel.com

IN-Q-TEL INCORPORATED (aka) IN-Q-IT CORPORATION P.O. Box 12407 Arlington, Virginia 22219 USA TEL: +1 (703) 248-3000 FAX: +1 (703) 248-3001

– –

IN-Q-TEL focus areas, surround:

– Physical Technologies; – Biological Technologies; – Security; and, – Software Infrastructure.

– –

IN-Q-TEL

Investments –

Strategic Investments, Targeted Returns

In-Q-Tel is ‘building’ a ‘portfolio of companies’ that are ‘developing innovative solutions’ in ‘key technology areas’

Similar to many ‘corporate strategic venture’ firms, In-Q-Tel seeks to ‘optimize potential returns’ for our clients — the CIA and the broader Intelligence Community— by investing in companies of strategic interest.

In-Q-Tel engages ‘start-ups’, ‘emerging’ and ‘established’ companies, universities and research labs.

In-Q-Tel structure attractive win-win relationships through ‘equity investments’, as well ‘strategic product development funding’, and ‘innovative intellectual property arrangements’ and ‘government business development guidance’.

An Enterprising Partner –

In-Q-Tel ‘portfolio companies’ value a ‘strategic relationship’ with a ‘proactive partner’.

Companies, that work through In-Q-Tel due diligence process, know their technologies have the potential to address the needs of one of the most discriminating enterprise customers in the world.

In-Q-Tel takes a hands-on approach, working closely with our ‘portfolio companies’ to help ‘drive their success’ in the ‘marketplace’ and to ‘mature [ ‘grow’ ] their technologies’.

In-Q-Tel ‘investment goals’ are focused on ‘return’ on technology – a ‘blend of factors’ that will ‘deliver strategic impact’ on the Agency [ CIA ] mission:

– Effective ‘deployments’ of innovative technologies to the CIA; – Commercially successful ‘companies that can continue’ to ‘deliver’ and ‘support’ innovate technologies; and, – Financial ‘returns to fund further technology investments’ to ‘benefit the Intelligence Community’.   Investing In Our National Security –

In just a few short years, In-Q-Tel has ‘evaluated’ nearly two thousand [ 2,000 ] ‘proposals’:

75% [ 1,500 ] of which have come from companies that had never previously considered working with the government.

To date, In-Q-Tel ‘established strategic relationships’ with more than ‘twenty’ ( 20 ) of these ‘companies’.

Read more about our ‘portfolio companies’ and ‘technology partners’, or learn how to submit a business plan to In-Q-Tel.

Areas Of Focus –

IN-Q-TEL focuses on next generation technologies for gathering, analyzing, managing and disseminating data. Learn more about our areas of focus:

Knowledge Management: [ http://web.archive.org/web/20020630223724/http://www.inqtel.com/tech/km.html ];

Security and Privacy: [ http://web.archive.org/web/20020630223724/http://www.inqtel.com/tech/sp.html ];

Search and Discovery: [ http://web.archive.org/web/20020630223724/http://www.inqtel.com/tech/sd.html ];

Distributed Data Collection: [ http://web.archive.org/web/20020630223724/http://www.inqtel.com/tech/dd.html ]; and,

Geospatial Information Services: [ http://web.archive.org/web/20020630223724/http://www.inqtel.com/tech/gi.html ].

Submit A Business Plan –

“In-Q-Tel also has garnered a reputation in the tech and VC [ Venture Capital ] worlds for being hard-nosed during due diligence. Unlike some venture firms, In-Q-Tel is staffed with hard-core techies who know how to put a program through the ringer. They’ve also got one of the roughest testing domains: the computer systems of the CIA.” – Washington Business Journal ( November 19, 2001 )

– View our criteria [ http://web.archive.org/web/20020630223724/http://www.inqtel.com/submit/index.html ] for submission, and apply for consideration online.

Media Resources –

– Investment Portfolio: [ http://web.archive.org/web/20020630223724/http://www.inqtel.com/news/attachments/InQTelInvestmentPortfolio.pdf ].

Reference

http://web.archive.org/web/20020630223724/www.inqtel.com/invest/index.html

– – – –

Circa: 2002

IN-Q-TEL

Investments –

Technology Partners ( 2002 ) –

INKTOMI [ http://www.inktomi.com ] ( Leading Edge Search and Retrieval Technology )

INKTOMI, based in Foster City, California ( USA ), has offices elsewhere in North America, Asia and Europe.

INKTOMI division business, involves:

Network Products – comprised of industry leading solutions for network caching, content distribution, media broadcasting, and wireless technologies; and,

Search Solutions – comprised of general Web search and related services, and ‘enterprise’ search.

Inktomi ‘develops’ and ‘markets’ network infrastructure software essential for ‘service providers’ and ‘global enterprises’.

Inktomi ‘customer’ and ‘strategic partner’ base of leading companies, include:

MERRILL LYNCH; INTEL: AT&T; MICROSOFT; SUN MICROSYSTEMS; HEWLETT-PACKARD; COMPAQ; DELL; NOKIA; AMERICA ONLINE ( AOL ); and, YAHOO.

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) Lead System Integrator ( LSI ) – SAIC LSI [ http://www.saic.com/contractcenter/ites-2s/clients.html  ]

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ), founded in 1969 by Dr. J. R. Beyster who remained with SAIC for 30-years until at least November 3, 2003, has had as part of its management, and on its Board of Directors, many well known former U.S. government personnel, including:

– Melvin Laird, Secretary of Defense in the Richard Milhouse Nixon Presidential Administration;

– William Perry, Secretary of Defense in the William Jefferson Clinton Presidential Administration;

– John M. Deutch, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) Director of Central Intelligence ( DCI ) in the William Jefferson Clinton Presidential Administration;

– U.S. Navy Admiral Bobby Ray Inman, U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) and U.S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) – various employed capacities in ‘both’ Agencies – in the Gerald Ford Presidential Administration, Billy Carter Presidential Administration and Ronald Reagan Presidential Administration;

– David Kay, who led the search for Weapons of Mass Destruction ( WMD ) – following the 1991 U.S. Persian Gulf War – for the United Nations ( UN ) and in the George W. Bush Sr. Presidential Administration following the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq.

In 2009, SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) moved corporate headquarters to Tysons Corner at 1710 SAIC Drive, McLean, Virginia ( USA ).

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) is a scientific, engineering and technology ‘applications company’ with numerous ‘state government clients’, ‘federal government clients’, and ‘private sector clients’.

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) works extensively, with:

U.S. Department of Defense ( DOD ); U.S. Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ); U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ); U.S. intelligence community ( others ); U.S. government civil agencies; and, Selected commercial markets.

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) Subsidiaries –

SAIC VENTURE CAPITAL CORPORATION; SCICOM TECHNOLOGIES NOIDA ( INDIA ); BD SYSTEMS ( BDS ); BECHTEL SAIC COMPANY LLC; BECK DISASTER RECOVERY ( BDR ); R.W. BECK; BENHAM; CLOUDSHIELD; DANET; EAGAN MCALLISTER ASSOCIATES INC.; HICKS & ASSOCIATES MEDPROTECT LLC REVEAL; SAIC-FREDERICK INC.; NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE ( NCI ); SAIC INTERNATIONAL SUBSIDIARIES; SAIC LIMITED ( UK ); CALANAIS ( SCOTLAND ); VAREC; APPLIED MARINE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION; EAI CORPORATION; and, Others.

In 1991, SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) received transference of the U.S. Department of Defense ( DOJ ), U.S. Army ( USA ), Defense Intelligence Agency ( DIA ) ‘Remote Viewing Program’ renamed STARGATE Project.

In January 1999, SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) consultant Steven Hatfill saw SAIC vice president Joseph Soukup internally ( with no outside client ) commission ( with no outside client ) William C. Patrick – a retired leading figure in the legacy U.S. bioweapons program – see a report produced ( 28-pages on Feburary 1999 ) on terrorist anthrax attack possibilities via Unitd States postal mailings prior to 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States.

In March 2001, the U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) had SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) in ‘concept definition’ phase for what later became known as the NSA TRAILBLAZER Project, a “Digital Network Intelligence” system intended to ‘analyze data’ carried across computer ‘networks’.

In 2002, the U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) chose SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) to produce a ‘technology demonstration platform’ for the NSA TRAILBLAZER Project, a contract worth $280,000,000 million ( USD ).

TRAILBLAZER Project participants, included:

BOEING; COMPUTER SCIENCES CORPORATION ( CSC ); and, BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON.

In 2005, TRAILBLAZER – believed by speculators ( http://www.PhysOrg.Com et. al. ) to be a continuation of an earlier data mining project THINTHREAD program – saw U.S. National Security Agency ( NSA ) Director Michael Hayden inform a U.S. Senate hearing that the TRAILBLAZER program required several hundred million dollars over budget – consequently trailing years behind schedule waiting for approvals.

From 2001 through 2005, SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) was primary contractor for the $600,000,000 million ( USD ) TRILOGY Program, a three ( 3 ) part program – intended to replace obsolete FBI computers with a then-new state-of-the-art cutting edge technology ‘secure high-speed computer network system’ that would install 500 computer network servers, 1600 scanners and thousands of desktop computers in FBI field offices – that on December 2003 delivered to the U.S. Department of Justice ( DOJ ) Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) its SAIC “Virtual Case File” ( VCF ), a $170,000,000 million ( USD ) software system designed to speed tracking of terrorists, better accurize communications amongst agents fighting criminals with this FBI ‘critical case management system’, however nineteen ( 19 ) different government managers involved 36 contract modifications averaging 1.3 FBI changes everyday totaling 399 changes during 15-months afterwhich the FBI continued arguing ( through its own intermediary, AEROSPACE CORPORATION ) changes until the U.S. Department of Justice ( DOJ ) Inspector General ( IG ) criticized its ‘FBI handling’ of SAIC software, whereon February 2005 SAIC ‘recommended’ the FBI at-least ‘begin using’ the SAIC TRILOGY VCF ‘case management system’.

On September 27, 2006 during a special meeting of SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) stockholders, employee-owners voted by a margin of 86% to proceed with the initial public offering ( IPO ) whereupon completion SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) also paid – to existing stockholders – a ‘special dividend’ of $1,600,000,000 billion to $2,400,000,000 billion ( USD ).

On October 17, 2006 SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) conducted an initial public offering ( IPO ) of common stock offering of 86,250,000 shares priced at $15.00 per share. Underwriters – BEAR STEARNS and MORGAN STANLEY – exercised over-allotment options resulting in 11,025,000 million shares seeing the IPO raise $1,245,000,000 billion ( USD ).

SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ( SAIC ) had approximately 46,000 total employees, 16,000 employees were in McLean, Virginia ( USA ) and another 5,000 employees were in San Diego, California ( USA ).

SRA INTERNATIONAL INC. ( SRA ) [ http://www.sra.com/about-us/profile.php ]

SRA INTERNATIONAL INC., founded in 1978, headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia has additional U.S. offices.

SRA INTERNATIONAL INC. is a leading provider of information technology services and solutions to clients in national security, health care and public health, and civil government markets, requiring:

– Strategic Consulting; – Systems Design, Development, and Integration; – OutSourcing; and, – Operations Management.

SRA INTERNATIONAL INC. also delivers business solutions, for:

– Text mining; – Data mining; – Disaster and Contingency Response Planning; – Information Sssurance; – Environmental Strategies – Environmental Technology; – Enterprise Systems Management; and, – Wireless Integration.

SRA INTERNATIONAL INC. ORIONMagic ®

– –

Circa: 2002

IN-Q-TEL

Investments –

Portfolio Of Companies ( 2002 ) – Partial List

ARCSIGHT [ http://www.arcsight.com ] ( Security Management Software for The Enterprise )

ArcSight, founded in May 2000, is located in the heart of Silicon Valley, California ( USA ).

ArcSight is a leading supplier of enterprise software that provides the security “air traffic control system” for large, geographically dispersed organizations. These organizations are augmenting their network infrastructure with a wide variety of security devices such as firewalls, intrusion detection and identity management systems that produce a barrage of uncoordinated alarms and alerts that overwhelm the security staff.

With its ‘centralized view’ of ‘all security activity’ combined with ‘real time analysis’ of ‘events’, by both ‘operating at the perimeter and inside’ the organization, ArcSight provides a ‘single solution’, for:

Event capture; Log aggregation; Real time correlation; Incident investigation; and, Reporting.

ArcSight ‘separates’, the ‘true threats and attacks’ from the ‘millions of false alarms and non-threatening activities’ that occur each day, focusing attention and resources on high-priority problems.

The company has delivered enterprise, ‘security management solutions’ to leading ‘financial services’, ‘government’ and ‘manufacturing’ organizations while ‘attracting capital’ from ‘leading investors’, such as:

IN-Q-TEL; KLEINER PERKINS CAUFIELD & BYERS ( KPCB ); and, SUMITOMO CORPORATION.

ATTENSITY CORPORATION [ http://www.attensity.com ] ( Text Extraction for Threat Detection )

Attensity Corp., founded in 2000, is a privately held company with dual headquarters in Mountain View, California ( USA ) and Salt Lake City, Utah ( USA ).

Attensity Corp. provides enterprise, ‘analytic software’ and ‘services’, to:

Government agencies; and,

Fortune 500 companies.

Attensity has developed breakthrough text extraction technology that transforms information captured in free form text into structured, relational data.

Attensity enables government agencies to dramatically expand their analytical capabilities in the area of ‘threat detection’ by, powering:

Link analysis; Trending; Exception reporting; Other advanced analytics; and, Knowledge management applications.

Attensity technology is the culmination of nearly a decade [ 10-years ] of research in computational linguistics.

Attensity Corporation customers include:

IN-Q-TEL, a strategic venture group funded by the CIA; WHIRLPOOL; and, JOHN DEERE.

ATTENSITY CORPORATION investor, is:

IN-Q-TEL

BROWSE3D [ http://www.browse3d.com ] ( Advanced Web Navigation )

BROWSE3D, founded in 2000, is located in the Dulles Technology Corridor of northern Virgina.

The company’s first Knowledge Management product, the Browse3D Browser, enables Internet users to browse Web sites using a dynamic, interactive, 3 dimensional ( 3-D ) display environment.

One year later [ 2001 ] the Browse3D Browser was recognized as the Best Internet Software of 2001 at the COMDEX Fall Technology Show ( Las Vegas, Nevada, USA ).

Browse3D launched its ‘consumer product’ in January 2002.

For the past 2-years [ since 2000 ], Browse3D has been working to re-invent the online researcher’s tool set. A researcher’s ability to ‘harvest relevant online data’ is often limited by the tools available to view that data.

Future products and technologies promise additional improvements in the way users ‘find’, ‘organize’, ‘save’ and ‘exchange’ web-based ‘content’.

BROWSE3D early-stage venture funding provided, by:

IN-Q-TEL; and, angel investors.

CANDERA INC. [ http://www.candera.com ] ( Enterprise Storage )

Candera Incorporated, founded in 2000, is a development stage stealth mode company headquartered in Milpitas, California ( USA ).

Candera Inc. is developing a new generation, purpose built, network based storage management platform that gives businesses unprecedented ‘control over’ and ‘visibility into’ their networked storage environments.

With the Candera Confluence solution, businesses can dramatically improve the utilization of their existing heterogeneous storage assets by consolidating them into a centrally managed storage pool. These can then be quickly and dynamically allocated to meet the needs of current and future network based applications, giving large enterprises a strategic advantage.

Candera is building the first [ 1st ] system, of a new generation of systems, that will enable customers to unleash the ultimate value of networked information storage.

CONVERA [ http://www.convera.com ] ( Mission Critical Enterprise Search and Categorization Software )

Convera RetrievalWare is a high-performance intelligent search system that allows broad flexibility and scalability for implementation across corporate intranets and extranets, enabling users to index and search a wide range of distributed information resources, including text files, HTML, XML, over 200 proprietary document formats, relational database tables, document management systems and groupware repositories. Convera RetrievalWare excels in distributed client environments and server environments with hundreds or thousands of users, documents, images and / or multiple media assets.

Advanced search capabilities include concept and keyword searching, pattern searching and query by example.

Convera is a leading provider of enterprise mission-critical ‘search’, ‘retrieval’ and ‘categorizing’ solutions.

More than 800 customers – in 33 countries – rely on Convera search solutions to power a broad range of mission critical applications, including enterprise:

Portals; Knowledge management; Intelligence gathering; Profiling; Corporate policy compliance; Regulatory compliance; Customer service; and, More.

DECRU [ http://www.decru.com ] ( Secure Networked Storage )

Decru, founded in April 2001, is headquartered in Redwood City, California ( USA ).

Decru solves the problem of secure data storage with a robust, wire-speed encryption appliance that fits transparently into any SAN or NAS storage environment, protecting data from both internal and external threats.

Markets include essentially any organization with a need to protect proprietary or confidential information ( e.g. government, technology, financial services, health care ).

Investors, include:

IN-Q-TEL; NEA; GREYLOCK; and, BENCHMARK.

GRAVITRON [ http://www.graviton.com ] ( Early Warning Detection and Notification System for Homeland Security Over Wireless Mesh Networks )

GRAVITON, founded in 1999, is located in La Jolla, California, USA.

Solomon Trujillo, former head of U.S. WEST ( baby bell telephone company ), leads GRAVITRON.

GRAVITON is on leading edge of a fledgling ( small ) industry, known as:

Machine to Machine Communications ( M2M ).

GRAVITON is developing an advanced integrated wireless sensor platform uniquely optimized for large-scale distributed sensor network applications working with Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ( MEMS ) sensor and spread spectrum wireless technologies licensed exclusively to GRAVITON from the U.S. National Laboratory at Oakridge ( also known as ) Oakridge National Laboratory ( Tennessee, USA ) – managed by the U.S. Department of Energy ( DOE ).

GRAVITON products and solutions integrate wireless, sensor and data management technology enabling enterprises to efficiently and transparently monitor, control, send, receive, and update system information from devices anywhere in the world.

GRAVITON is supported and funded by a number of corporate partners and investors, including:

IN-Q-TEL; GLOBAL CROSSING; ROYAL DUTCH SHELL ( oil / petroleum ); MITSUI; SIEMENS; QUALCOM; OMRON; MOTOROLA; and, SUN MICROSYSTEMS.

GRAVITON ‘primary’ financial investors, include:

MERRILL LYNCH;

GRAVITON ‘venture capital’ firms, include:

KLEINER PERKINS CAUFIELD & BYERS ( KPCB ); and, EARLYBIRD.

INTELLISEEK [ http://www.intelliseek.com ] ( Enterprise Intelligence Solutions )

INTELLISEEK, founded in 1997, has since 1998 been changing the way organizations ‘understand’, ‘gather’ and ‘use’ enterprise ‘intelligence’.

INTELLISEEK ‘knowledge discovery tools’ [ as of: 2002 ] enable the nation’s largest enterprises with up-to-the-minute consumer, industry information and ‘competitive intelligence’.

INTELLISEEK ‘Enterprise Search Server’™ ( ESS ) search platform provides a suite of intelligent applications that automate ‘knowledge discovery’ and ‘knowledge aggregation’ from hundreds of disparate, and often hard-to-locate data sources.

INTELLISEEK ‘Knowledge Management’ and ‘Search and Discovery’ solutions solve the fundamental problem of “information overload” by identifying and searching relevant, targeted and personalized content from the internet, intranets and extranets.

INTELLISEEK clients, include:

FORD MOTOR COMPANY ( FOMOCO ); NOKIA; and, PROCTOR AND GAMBLE.

Investors include:

IN-Q-TEL; FORD VENTURES; RIVER CITIES CAPITAL; GENERAL ATLANTIC PARTNERS LLC; FLAT IRON PARTNERS; BLUE CHIP VENTURE COMPANY; NOKIA VENTURES; and, Other private investors.

METACARTA [ http://www.metacarta.com ] ( Geospatial Data Fusion )

MetaCarta, established in 1999, was launched on more than $1,000,000 million in funding from the U.S. Department Of Defense ( DOD ) Defense Advanced Projects Agency ( DARPA ) and private investors.

MetaCarta CEO John Frank, with a doctorate from the Massachusets Institute Of Technology ( MIT ) where during 1999 – as a Hertz Fellow in physics working on a PhD – conceived a new way to view – geographically – ‘collections of text’ that later saw MetaCarta combine his interests in algorithms, information design, and scientific models of real world phenomena.

Metacarta provides a new knowledge management platform that integrates ‘text data with geography’ providing a ‘cohesive system’ for ‘problem solving’.

METACARTA Geographic Text Search ( GTS ) appliance, the software solution, redefines how people interact with information, enabling analysts to view text reports and geographic information in one ( 1 ) logical view through integration of text and geography delivering new information not obtainable from any other source.

MetaCarta CEO John Frank graduated from Yale University.

MOHOMINE [ http://www.mohomine.com ] ( Transforming Unstructured Multi-Language Data Into Actionable Information )

MOHOMINE, founded in 1999, is privately-held and located in San Diego, California, USA.

MOHOMINE technology has been deployed by United States national security organizations.

MOHOMINE mohoClassifier for National Security Organizations ™ reviews ‘text information’ in ‘cables’, ‘e-mails’, ‘system files’, ‘intranets’, ‘extranets’ and ‘internet’ providing ‘automated document classification’, ‘routing’ – based upon ‘learn-by-example pattern recognition’ technology – and ‘reports’ on user defined properties such as ‘topic’, ‘subject’, ‘tone’ ( ‘urgent’, plus others ), ‘author’, ‘source’ ( geographic locations, ‘country’, etc. ), and more.

MOHOMINE mohoClassifier users can easily set up ‘filters’ to automatically ‘identify’ and ‘prioritize’ ( ‘read first’ requirement ) documents that are quickly processed – out-of large volumes of other data – and then quickly route prioritized information to quickly reach the proper people.

MOHOMINE, from Global 5000, currently [ since 2002 ] has more than one hundred fifty ( 150 ) customers across numerous vertical industries, including:

CITICORP; WELLS FARGO; INTEL; TEXAS INSTRUMENTS; PFIZER; BOEING; ORACLE; PEOPLESOFT; and, NIKE.

MOHOMINE investors, include:

IN-Q-TEL; HAMILTON APEX TECHNOLOGY VENTURES; and, WINDWARD VENTURES.

QYNERGY CORPORATION [ http://www.qynergy.com ] ( Long-Lasting Power Solutions For Multiple Applications And Small-Tech )

QYNERGY CORP., founded in 2001, is located in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

QYNERGY technology originated at the U.S. National Laboratory at Sandia ( also known as ) Sandia National Laboratories ( New Mexico, USA ) and at the University of New Mexico ( New Mexico, USA ).

QYNERGY Corp. develops leading-edge energy solutions based on QYNERGY proprietary QynCell ™ technology that made an exciting breakthrough – over other ‘battery’ or ‘portable energy’ devices – in ‘materials science’ allowing QYNERGY to possess several unique competitive advantages.

QYNERGY QynCell ™ is an ‘electrical energy device’ revolution, providing:

Long-lived Batteries – QynCell usable life is potentially over a period of ‘several decades’ ( 10-year multiples ), during which time the QynCell device ‘does not require external charging’;

Miniature and Micro Applications – QynCell™ technology is scaleable, thus can be ‘miniaturized’, for:

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ( MEMS ); MicroPower™ applications; Small microelectronics; and, Power-on-a-chip applications.

SAFEWEB [ http://www.safewebinc.com ] ( Secure Remote Access )

SAFEWEB, established in April 2000, is based in Emeryville, California, USA.

SAFEWEB built the world’s largest ‘online privacy network’, however in 2001 its ‘free online service’ was ‘concluded’ – to focus on developing its ‘enterprise’ product.

SAFEWEB is a leading provider of innovative security and privacy technologies that are effective, economical and simple.

SAFEWEB Secure Extranet Appliance ( SEA ), the first [ 1st ] SAFEWEB enterprise security release – reduces the cost and complexity traditionally involved in securing corporate network resources.

SAFEWEB Secure Extranet Appliance ( SEA ), named Tsunami, is a fundamental ‘redesign of extranet architecture’ integrating disparate technologies into a ‘modular plug-in network appliance’ ( SEA Tsunami).

SAFEWEB SEA Tsunami is an ‘all-in-one solution’ simplifying implementation of ‘extranets’ and ‘Virtual Private Networks’ ( VPN ) reducing Total Cost of Ownership ( TCO ) by innovative architecture letting companies build – in less than 1-hour – ‘secure extranets’ providing ‘remote stationed’ enablement of ‘employees’, ‘clients’ and ‘partners’ to access ‘internal applications’ and ‘secure data’ from anywhere using a standard internet website browser.

SAFEWEB delivers, through established strategic partnerships, customized versions of its Secure Extranet Appliance ( SEA ) Tsunami technology to U.S. intelligence [ CIA, etc. ] and communications agencies [ NSA, etc. ].

SAFEWEB investors, include:

IN-Q-TEL; CHILTON INVESTMENTS; and, KINGDON CAPITAL.

STRATIFY INCORPORATED [  ] ( Unstructured Data Management Software )

In 1999, PURPLE YOGI was founded by former INTEL Microcomputer Research Laboratory scientists Ramana Venkata and Ramesh Subramonian.

PURPLE YOGI, became known as STRATIFY INCORPORATED ( a privately-held company ).

In early 2001, ORACLE CORPORATION veteran and senior executive Nimish Mehta became president and chief executive officer ( CEO ).

STRATIFY INC., headquartered in Mountain View, California ( USA ), is [ 2002 ] the ‘emerging’ leader in ‘unstructured data management’ software.

STRATIFY Discovery System is a ‘complete enterprise software platform’ helping todays [ 2002 ] organizations ‘harness vast information overload’ by ‘automating the process’ of ‘organizing’, ‘classifying’ and ‘presenting’ business-critical unstructured information usually found in ‘documents’, ‘presentations’ and internet website pages.

STRATIFY Discovery System platform ‘transforms unstructured internal and external data’ into ‘immediately accessible relevant information’ automatically organizing millions of documents displayed in easy navigational hierarchy.

STRATIFY INC. clients, include:

INLUMEN and INFOSYS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED, named in 2001 as one ( 1 ) of The Red Herring 100.

STRATIFY INC. received funding, from:

IN-Q-TEL; H & Q AT INDIA (also known as ) H & Q ASIA PACIFIC; SOFTBANK VENTURE CAPITAL ( now known as ) MOBIUS VENTURE CAPITAL; SKYBLAZE VENTURES LLC; and, INTEL CAPITAL.

SRD [ http://www.srdnet.com ] ( Near Real Time Data Warehousing and Link Analysis )

SYSTEMS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ( SRD ), founded in 1983, develops software applications to combat fraud, theft, and collusion.

SYSTEMS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Non-Obvious Relationship Awareness ™ ( NORA ™ ) was originally developed for the gambling casino gaming industry

SYSTEMS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT NORA software is designed to identify correlations across vast amounts of structured data, from hundreds or thousands of data sources, in near real-time, and alert users to potentially harmful relationships between and among people.

SRD NORA software technology leverages SYSTEMS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT proven expertise in ‘aggregating’, ‘warehousing’ and ‘leveraging people data’ and ‘transaction data’ to strengthen corporate management and security systems.

SYSTEMS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT clients [ 2002 ], include:

U.S. Depaartment of Defense ( DOD ); CENDANT; TARGET; MGM MIRAGE; MANDALAY BAY RESORT GROUP; and, Food Marketing Institute.

TACIT [ http://www.tacit.com ] ( Enterprise Expertise Automation )

TACIT, founded in 1997, is located in Palo Alto, California ( USA ) with regional sales offices in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Illinois.

David Gilmour serves as president and chief executive officer ( CEO ).

TACIT Knowledge Systems is the pioneer and leader in ‘Enterprise Expertise Automation’.

TACIT products ‘automatically and continuously inventories’ the ‘skills’ and ‘work focus’ of an ‘entire organization’ for ‘dynamic location’ of ‘connections to expertise needed’ – when needed to make decisions, solve problems, and serve customers.

TACIT products also include its award winning flagship product KnowledgeMail™. In June 200, TACIT was voted one of the “Hot 100 Private Companies,” by Upside Magazine.

In 2000 and 2001, TACIT was one ( 1 ) of the “100 Companies that Matter,” by KM World [ Knowledge Management World ].

TACIT attracted a ‘world class advisory board’ with interest from ‘venture capital’ and Fortune 500 ‘clients’ of ‘enterprise’ and ‘customers’, including:

IN-Q-TEL; JP MORGAN; CHEVRON-TEXACO ( petroleum and chemical ); UNISYS; HEWLETT-PACKARD; NORTHROP-GRUMAN ( aerospace & defense ); and, ELI LILLY ( pharmaceuticals ).

TACIT investors, include:

IN-Q-TEL; DRAPER FISHER JURVETSON; REUTERS GREENHOUSE FUND; and, ALTA PARTNERS.

TRACTION SOFTWARE [ http://www.tractionsoftware.com ] ( Harvest and Use Information from All Sources )

TRACTION SOFTWARE, founded in 1996, is located in Providence, Rhode Island ( USA ).

TRACTION® Software is the leader in ‘Enterprise Weblog’ software, bringing together working ‘communications’, ‘knowledge management’, ‘content management’, ‘collaboration’, and the ‘writable intranet portal’.

TRACTION TeamPage™ product addresses the need for ‘unified on-demand view’ of ‘team content’ and ‘team communication’ from ‘all document sources’ in ‘context’ and over ‘time’.

TRACTION TeamPage deploys quickly and easily on an existing network and delivers a ‘capstone communication system’ by turning ‘e-mail’ and ‘web browser’ into powerful tools for end-users.

TeamPage targets ‘program teams’ and ‘product management teams’ in ‘government’ and ‘business’.

TRACTION also supports a wide range of applications and business processes, including but not limited, to:

Business Intelligence and Market Research;

Collection Highlighting and Media Distribution;

Investor Relations E-Mail and Public Relations E-Mail Triage and Response; and,

Tracking Exception Process and Reporting Exception Process.

TRACTION SOFTWARE investors, include:

IN-Q-TEL; SLATER CENTER FOR INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGY; and, private investors.

ZAPLET INCORPORATED [ http://www.zaplet.com ] ( Enterprise Collaboration Tools For Email )

ZAPLET INC., founded in 1999, is located in Redwood Shores, California ( USA ).

ZAPLET INC. is an enterprise software and services company and creator of the Zaplet Appmail System™ collaboration software that brings application functionality directly to a user’s inbox to complete business processes.

ZAPLET INC. Appmail, using a server-based platform, combines power, ‘centralized control’ and ‘robust security’ for traditional enterprise application systems with the convenience and ease-of-use of e-mail.

ZAPLET Appmail in-box becomes the gateway to a protected server where the application functionality and data securely reside.

Zaplet™ Appmail can be used, to:

Manage and Streamline mission-critical business processes; Requires no additional client-side upgrades; and, Instantly expandable for work teams ‘beyond’ the ‘enterprise’.

ZAPLET INC. has received numerous awards, including:

Red Herring 100; Enterprise Outlook – Investors’ Choice; and, Internet Outlook – Investors’ Choice.

ZAPLET INC. customers, include leading companies, in:

Finance; Telecommunication; High technologies; and, Government.

ZAPLET INC. is backed by world class investors, including:

KLEINER PERKINS CAUFIELD & BYERS ( KPCB ); ACCENTURE TECHNOLOGY VENTURES; QUESTMARK PARTNERS L.P.; RESEARCH IN MOTION LIMITED ( RIM ); INTEGRAL CAPITAL PARTNERS; ORACLE CORPORATION; CISCO SYSTEMS INC.; and, NOVELL INC.

– –

Circa: 2010

IN-Q-TEL

Investments –

Portfolio of Companies ( 2010 ) – Partial List

3VR Security AdaptivEnergy Adapx Arcxis Asankya Basis Technology Bay Microsystems CallMiner Cambrios Carnegie Speech CleverSafe ( SAIC ) CopperEye Destineer Elemental Technlogies Ember Corporation Endeca Etherstack FEBIT FireEye FluiDigm

Reference(s)

http://web.archive.org/web/20020630223724/http://www.inqtel.com/news/attachments/InQTelInvestmentPortfolio.pdf http://www.iqt.org/technology-portfolio/orionmagic.html http://defense-ventures.com/in-q-tel/

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Research References

“Information Technology Trends And Their Impact On CIA,” January 1999, declassified report of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency by, CIA Chief Information Officer.

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Submitted for review and commentary by,

 

Concept Activity Research Vault ( CARV ), Host
E-MAIL: ConceptActivityResearchVault@Gmail.Com
WWW: http://ConceptActivityResearchVault.WordPress.Com

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